Advertisement
Developing a Resource of Wild x Cultivated Chickpea Introgression Lines for Climate Resilience
Upcoming SlideShare
The development of two sweet corn populations resistance to northern corn lea...The development of two sweet corn populations resistance to northern corn lea...
Loading in ... 3
1 of 1
Advertisement

More Related Content

Slideshows for you(20)

Advertisement

Similar to Developing a Resource of Wild x Cultivated Chickpea Introgression Lines for Climate Resilience(20)

More from ICRISAT(20)

Advertisement

Developing a Resource of Wild x Cultivated Chickpea Introgression Lines for Climate Resilience

  1. Feb 2017 Developing a Resource of Wild x Cultivated Chickpea Introgression Lines for Climate Resilience Lijalem Balcha1 , Dagnachew Besha1 , Kassaye Dinegde2 , Donna Lindsay3 , Reyaz Mir Rouf4 , Bullo Erena5 , Syed Gul A.S. Sani5 , Lisa Vance5 , Emily Bergmann5 , Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia5 , Bunyamin Tar’an3 , Asnake Woldemedhin1 , Kassahun Geletu6 , Douglas Cook5 , Varma Penmesta5 About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org 1 Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. 2 EIAR, Melkasa Agricultural Research Center, Nazareth, Ethiopia. 3 University of Saskatchewan, Department of Plant Sciences, Saskatoon, Canada. 4 Sher-E-Kashmir University of Science & Technology-Jammu, Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, India. 5 University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Pathology, Davis, USA. 6 Addis Ababa University (AAU), Institute of Biotechnology (IoB), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Introduction The use of crop wild relatives has been a component of cultivar improvement programs since 1920s and 1930s, after Vavilov recognized their value as a source of increased variation. Reduced genetic diversity in elite varieties of modern crop plants derives from a combination of an early domestication bottlenecks and subsequent focus on fewer improved genotypes during modern breeding. As a result, the prospect for sustainable genetic gain from elite germplasm is increasingly limited [1]. By contrast, the wild ancestors of crop plants typically possess high levels of genetic diversity and an expanded range of adaptive traits that may be of agricultural relevance [2,3]. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most valuable global crops and suffers from a lack of genetic diversity [2,4]. With the goal of increasing genetic diversity in chickpea, we initiated a novel and systematic introgression from wild Cicer species into cultivated elite germplasm. The approach combines (1) systematic survey of wild diversity, (2) introgression of a representative set of genotypes, and (3) marker-assisted normalization of phenology among segregating progeny. Twenty diverse wild founders of C. reticulatum were selected from 270 wild accessions based on a combination of their genomic sequence information and the ecology of their origin sites. Each of the 20 founders was crossed to elite cultivars of India, Ethiopia, Canada and Turkey. Early generation segregant populations will be phenotyped for climate resilient traits at multiple sites in Ethiopia and India. This resource of introgressed populations will serve as a platform for gene discovery through genomics, modeling and phenotyping, and for the development of tools for marker-assisted selection for breeding. Methods and Approaches The wild x cultivated introgression approach combines: • Systematic survey of wild diversity: The 26 diverse wild founders of C. reticulatum (20) and C. echinospermum (six) were selected from 270 wild accessions based on a combination of their genomic sequence information and the ecology of their origin sites. • Introgression of a representative set of wild genotypes: Each of the 20 wild founders was crossed to elite cultivars of India (ICCV-96029), Ethiopia (Habru & Minjar), Canada (CDC Leader & CDC Consul) and Turkey (Gokce). At the F2 stage, a subset of progeny within each lineage were intercrossed to increase chromosomal recombination and thus genetic power in the resulting populations. In parallel, F2s are grown separately to establish early generation segregant (EGS) populations (F3:F4) and field phenotyping has been underway at Debre Zeit (Ethiopia and ICRISAT (India). Results From crosses involving three parents (ICCV 96029, Habru & Minjar), a total of 38 F1:F2 introgressed lineages/families created, which makes up a total of 525 individuals. In addition, a total of 906 intercrossed first filial (iF1) generation were created on top of the selfing F2 segregating populations (Table 1). Table 1. Summary of wild x cultivated introgression developed, segregants, and first generation intercrossed (iF1) populations having backgrounds of three elite cultivars. Parental Combinations # introgressed families created (# W x Cv) # individuals per family (# F1:F2) # putative intercrossed seeds (# iF1s) Total EGS seeds (# F3s ) Wild x 96029 20 321 407 6815 Wild x Habru 14 125 218 2875 Wild x Minjar  9  85 281 2275 Total 43 531 906 > 11,000 Genotyping F2 segregating populations were genotyped using KASP marker for flowering time (FT) locus. Parental values and genetic gains Performance of progenies is dependent on features of both parents in a cross. During intercrossing in spring 2016, number of F2s with trait donor parents have shown good parental values – an indication of positive combining ability for some desired and heritable agronomic traits (plant vigor and height, no. of branches, no. of pods/plant/, pod size, seed shape, etc). Table 3. Wild donors selected as candidates for superior crossing/combining ability Donor parent Peculiar agro-morphological characters Egil-073 Vigor, increased number of pods, upright growth habit CudiB-022 Improved seed shape, vigor, increased pod/seed size CudiA-152 Vigor, increased pod/seed size Kalkan-064 Stress tolerance, vigor, upright growth habit Savur-063 Early flowering, stress tolerance Bari3-100 Vigor, increased pod/seed size Bari3-106D Increased number of pods, vigor, upright growth habit Oyali-084 Early flowering, stress tolerance Kesen-075 Upright growth, vigor, increased number of pods Conclusions and upcoming studies • Wild x cultivated genetic introgression is a paradigm shift towards chickpea improvement for climate resilient. • Intercrossing among segregating progenies of chickpea may help in shortening breeding cycle and substantially increase chromosomal recombination. • This novel and systematic introgression strategy will serve as a platform (model) for molecular breeding on other legumes. • Climate resilient trait donor wild parents have introduced genetic variability into a breeding population. • The EGS and iF1: iF2 populations will be phenotyped for abiotic (drought & heat) stresses. • Genetic analysis of EGS population, QTL analysis, association mapping of target traits, and reVILs/RILs development. Literatures cited [1] Feuillent C, Langride P, Waugh R. Cereal breeding takes a walk on the wild side TRENDS in Genetics (24): 1, 2007. [2] Warschefsky E., Penmetsa V., Cook D. and von Wettberg E (2014) Back to the wilds: tapping evolutionary adaptations for resilient crops through systematic hybridization with crop wild relatives. American Journal of Botany 101(10): 1791-1800. [3] Jarvis A., Lane A. and Hijmans R (2008) The effect of climate change on crop wild relatives. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 126: 13-23. [4] FAOSTAT. http: //faostat.fao.org/faostat Acknowledgments This research work is financed by USAID funded Feed the Future Innovation Lab Climate Resilient Chickpea, UC Davis. http://www.feedthefuture.gov/ Fig. 1. Wild x Cultivated introgression pathways towards the improvement of chickpea for climate resilient. x Elite cultigen Trait donor wild F1 F2 x Intercrossed pops (iF1) EGS populations (F2:F4) Phenotyping for target traits among F2s selfed F2s Genotyping QTL Analysis & Association mapping Table 2. Results of the “pilot” CAPS marker genotyping of 533 F2s for flowering time marker. Parental combination Pedigree KASP genotyping No of individuals/ family Proportion of Het (%)Het C W Wild x ICC 96029 (473 F2 progenies) ICCxBari1-092 0 15 15 30 0 ICCxBari2-072n2 15 7 22 68 ICCxBari3-072c 4 15 19 21 ICCxBari3-100 13 15 28 46 ICCxBari3-106D 15 10 25 60 ICCxBesev-079 15 12 27 56 ICCxCudiA-152 15 11 26 58 ICCxCudiB-022C 15 8 23 65 ICCxDerei-070 15 15 30 50 ICCxDerei-072 15 12 27 56 ICCxEgill-065 15 14 29 52 ICCxEgill-073 15 13 28 54 ICCxGunas-063 0 12 12 0 ICCxKalka-064 0 15 15 0 ICCxKarab-081 2 4 6 33 ICCxKesen-075 15 10 25 60 ICCxOyali-084 15 4 19 79 ICCxS2Drd-107 0 15 15 0 ICCxSarik-067 0 2 2 0 ICCxSavur-063 14 12 26 54 ICCxSirna-060 15 13 28 54 Wild x Habru (71 F2 progenies) HxDerie-070 4 0 2 6 67 HxKalkan-064 6 1 1 8 75 HxKayat-077 3 0 4 7 43 HxKesen-075 4 2 2 8 50 Wild x Minjar (71 F2 progenies) MxDerie-072 3 2 2 6 50 MxKalkan-064 6 0 0 6 100 MxKesen-075 3 1 3 7 43 MxOyali-084 4 2 2 8 50 MxSavur-063 4 1 3 8 50 MxSirna-060 4 2 1 7 57 Total 254 245 35 533 52 Fig 3. KASP genotyping and allele calling of 533 F2s for flowering time marker. Fig 4. Allelic discrimination plot - KASP assay Fig 5. Comparison of the performance of introgression recipient parent (P1) with some of its progenies (F2). ICCV 96029 (P1) ICCV 69029 x Egil-073 (F2)
Advertisement