Advertisement
Climate change effects on pest problems on grain legumes
Upcoming SlideShare
Chemical and ecological control methods for Epitrix spp.Chemical and ecological control methods for Epitrix spp.
Loading in ... 3
1 of 1
Advertisement

More Related Content

Slideshows for you(20)

Advertisement

Similar to Climate change effects on pest problems on grain legumes(20)

More from ICRISAT(20)

Advertisement

Climate change effects on pest problems on grain legumes

  1. Introduction Global warming and climate change are the major concerns for crop production and food security (IPCC, 2007). Climate change will exercise a major influence on diversity and abundance of arthropods (Sharma, 2014). In recent years, variability in climatic conditions has resulted in increased losses due to pod borers, Helicoverpa armigera, Maruca vitrata and Spodoptera exigua, pod sucking bug Clavigralla spp. and scale insects Ceroplastodes cajani (Plate 1). Some of the emerging pest problems as a result of climate change in chickpea and pigeonpea have been discussed below. For more information write to: Dr HC Sharma, Principal Scientist-Entomology, ICRISAT. Email: h.sharma@cgiar.org References IPCC. 2007. Summary for Policymakers. In: Parry, ML, Canziani, OF, Palutikof, JP, Van der Linden, PJ & Hanson, CE, eds. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, pp. 7-22. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Sharma HC. 2014. Climate change effects on insects: Implications for Crop Protection and Food Security. Journal of Crop Improvement 28: 229-259. Conclusions • Distribution and severity of insect-pests in grain legumes will be influenced by global warming and climate change. • Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua; scale insect, Ceroplastodes cajani and aphid, Aphis craccivora are likely to emerge as major pests of chickpea and pigeonpea. • Understanding how climate change will affect pest incidence, crop losses and pest management will be crucial for sustainable crop production. July 2014ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium Mealy bug Mealy bugs have emerged as a major pest of pigeonpea and chickpea under heat and drought stress (Plate 3). Papaya mealy bug, Paracoccus marginatus is an invasive pest, and has been found to infest several crops. Ceroplastodes cajani has earlier been reported to infest pigeonpea. Mealy bugs are likely to emerge as a major threat to crop production in future. Black bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Aphis craccivora infests several plant species. It becomes a serious pest of grain legumes under warm and dry conditions. It also transmits several viral diseases in grain legumes (Plate 6). White fly, Bemisia tabaci Tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci has emerged as a serious constraint to crop production. Its incidence was recently observed on chickpea (Plate 5), which was not reported earlier as a host plant of this insect. The white flies transmit several viral diseases, which are difficult to control. Leaf miner A new species of lepidopteran leaf miner has recently been observed infesting pigeonpea under high temperature (>40°C) in OTC at ICRISAT (Plate 4). This species multiplies at a faster rate under high temperature. It is likely to emerge as a major pest under global warming and climate change. Plate 2. Beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua infestation on chickpea. Mealy bug, Ceroplastodes cajani damage in pigeonpea. Plate 5. White fly, Bemisia tabaci on chickpea. Plate 4. Leaf miner, damage in pigeonpea. Helicoverpa armigeraMaruca vitrataMelanagromyza obtusa Clavigralla sp.Lampides boeticusHelicoverpa armigera Liriomyza cicerina Aphis craccivora Climate Change Effects on Pest Problems on Grain Legumes HC Sharma, RS Munghate, M Pathania, T Nagaraja and SP Sharma International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana, India. Mealy bug infested chickpea. Mealy bug damage in pigeonpea in OTC. Mealy bug colony on pigeonpea leaves. Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Spodoptera exigua commonly called as beet armyworm is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest (Plate 2). The severity of S. exigua has increased with the spread of chickpea in southern India, and its outbreaks are triggered by heavy rains during Oct - Nov. Plate 3. Mealy bug infestation in chickpea and pigeonpea. Plate 6. Black bean aphid, Aphis craccivora infestation on chickpea and pigeonpea. Exelastis atmosa Mylabris sp. Plate 1. Major insect pests of grain legumes.
Advertisement