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Characterization of post rainy sorghum for cold tolerance in control environment using agronomical and pollen viability traits
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Characterization of post rainy sorghum for cold tolerance in control environment using agronomical and pollen viability traits

  1. CHARACTERIZATION OF POST RAINY SORGHUM FOR COLD TOLERANCE IN CONTROL ENVIRONMENT USING AGRONOMICAL AND POLLEN VIABILITY TRAITS ABSTRACT Sorghum is sensitive to temperature lower than 15°C, most of the post rainy sorghum growing areas of India coincides with low temperature stress during flowering to seed set stage. In sorghum cold temperature at flowering seem to be more detrimental as it interacts with viable pollen production or pollen shedding which result in low yield. Hence the experiment was conducted to characterize a set of 16 sorghum genotypes which includes nine cultivars and seven hybrid parental lines in a control environment research facility at ICRISAT, India with three different temperature treatments. The three Day/Night temperature treatments were T1 (25°C/10°C), T2 (25°C/5°C) and T3 as control (natural environment). The data was recorded for days to flowering, plant height, panicle weight, panicle harvest index (PHI), pollen viability and grain yield. The B line 296B and R line 93034 were found to be most susceptible as unable to flower in treatment 1 and 2. Whereas other B lines 104B, ICSB52 and 185B showed better resistance. The post rainy sorghum cultivars M35-1, Dagdi Solapur, Phule Jyoti, Phule Anuradha, SPV 1359 and Shanghai Red were found to be resistance genotypes as showed higher values for Pollen viability, PHI and grain yield also less deviation in cold and control treatment. The treatment 2 ((25°C/5°C) was most detrimental as showed lowest values for pollen viability, PHI and grain yield. The high significant positive correlation was recorded for pollen viability (r= 0.88, p ≤ 0.01) and PHI (r= 0.80, p ≤ 0.01) with grain yield in polled analysis, also similar pattern was recorded in individual treatments indicated that these traits are good phenotypic indicator for genetic discrimination of cold tolerance. METHODOLOGY  The experiment was conducted in post rainy season for 16 genotypes with nine cultivars and seven parental lines of Sorghum (Table 1) in control environment research facility unit ICRISAT using Randomized completely block design (RCBD) Two Factor in three replication with three different temperature treatments.  A total of 144 (8 inch) Poly-Tainer pots filled with a 2:1:1 Soil: FYM: Vermicompost were used. The pots were arranged in with randomized completely block design (RCBD) three replications for each treatment. .  The temperature were Treatment (T1 ) Day/Night (25°c/10°c), treatment 2 (T2) (25°c/5°c) and T3 as control  All the treatments were initiated under normal temperature and after 50 days Plants were moved to the growth chambers for applying the temperature treatments.  Data were recorded on the traits viz., plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, viability percentage and grain yield. CONCLUSION: The identified cold tolerant sorghum genotypes will be used in developing cold tolerant sorghum breeding material. Panicle harvest Index will be priority trait followed by pollen viability for cold tolerance breeding in sorghum. RESULTS •The ANOVA showed that all traits are highly significant in all three treatments except pollen viability percentage in T1 (Table 1) •Among 16 genotype studied the B lines 296B and R line ICSR 93034 were found to be most susceptible as unable to flower in both cold treatments •Cold treatment T2 (250c/50c) was most deteriorating as showed drastic reduction in pollen viability, Panicle Harvest Index and Grain yield compare to control . •The post rainy sorghum cultivars M35-1, Dagdi Solapur, Phule Jyoti, Phule Anuradha, SPV 1359 and Shanghai Red were found to be most resistance genotypes as showed higher values for Pollen viability, PHI and grain yield also less deviation in cold and control treatment. •Panicle harvest Index and Pollen Viability showed significant positive correlation with grain yield (Table 2).The Panicle harvest Index found to be best indicator trait for phenotypic screening of cold tolerant genotypes in sorghum . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:  Financial support from ICRISAT‘s Dryland Cereals research program under Hope Project. This work has been undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program -Dryland Cereals Fig 2: Growth Chambers Anil Gaddameedi1,2, Rahul M. Phuke 1, Anuradha Kotla2, Sunita Gorthy1, Ashok Kumar Are1 * 1International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, 502324, India. 2 Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India. * Corresponding author email: a.ashokkumar@cgiar.org Fig 3: Pollen viability test Tolerant (M35-1) Susceptible (296 B) OBJECTIVES •To characterize popular sorghum cultivars and hybrid parental lines for cold tolerance •To identify best phenotypic indicator trait for screening cold tolerant genotypes. Trait T1 T2 T3 (Control) PHI 0.90** 0.95** 0.89** PV 0.21* 0.22* 0.80** Trait Treatment Min Max σ2g SE h2 DTF T1 50 89 200.2** 3.4 94 T2 56 106 470.5** 5.6 93 Control 47 89 229.7** 2.3 98 DTM T1 85 134 357.2** 2.1 99 T2 90 140 323.3** 3.0 97 Control 75 124 294.9** 4.5 93 PH T1 60 150 1881.5** 6.6 98 T2 45 135 1252.1** 8.1 95 Control 60 130 747.8** 8.4 91 PHI T1 2.32 83.29 1756.7** 11.7 92 T2 1.242 65.92 1516.4** 4.1 99 Control 22.89 91.32 366.7** 7.7 86 PV T1 73.97 99.89 82.4NS 6.5 48 T2 17.66 99.25 910.7** 11.9 84 Control 76.19 98.1 83.2** 4.8 72 GY T1 0.36 29.15 194.7** 2.07 78 T2 0.17 20.51 118.7** 2.2 96 Control 7.39 57.13 320.9** 5.1 92 Table 2. Correlation of Grain yield with Panicle Harvest index and Pollen Viability Table 1. Range and Genotypic Variances for studied trait in three treatments Tolerant-1 Tolerant-2 Control
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