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Characterization of farmer’s exploratory landrace sorghum collections from northern nigeria
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Characterization of farmer’s exploratory landrace sorghum collections from northern nigeria

  1. To effectively use male–sterility inducing cytoplasm, it is necessary to identify restorers and lines that are suitable for conversion to male sterile lines. Progressive research has been done on sorghum landraces in Nigeria ranging from breeding for resistance to diseases, to the development of open pollinated varieties, however, little work has been done to determine heterotic groups and identification of good parental lines among sorghum landraces. Although commercially viable sorghum hybrids for West and Central Africa (WCA) are just now available, it is only suited for a single maturity band (100km north-south latitude) for the Guinea-race zone of Senegal, Mali and Burkina Faso, but not available for the drier (further North) zones of Nigeria, which grow mostly the caudatum or durra type. Based on these experiences, the BMZ Project; 'Bringing the benefits of heterosis to smallholder sorghum and pearl millet farmers in West Africa', conducted an exploratory landrace Sorghum collection across Northern Nigeria in May 2014. This is to target the main sorghum production systems (700-1100mm rainfall) with work on Kaura-Fara grain types in Nigeria. • baCkground To assess the germplasm capacity for grain and seed qualities, height and flowering responses to serve as seed parent for hybrid development. • objeCtives Sorghum landrace collected were preliminary characterized for panicle forms, grain size, plant height and days to maturity. • methodology  Planted on 2 rows plot at 2 locations  Data were collected  Genotypes desegregated and grouped based on local names. • aCtivities Preliminary characterization showed that most of the sorghum landrace grown in the Sudan Savannah are white or yellow grain with compact elliptic panicle forms (caudatum type) accounting for 46% (Figure 1), as compared to those in Guinea Savannah cultivating white or red grain with loose dropping panicle forms (guinea type). Based on local names 175 Sorghum landrace collected were desegregated and grouped into 26 Local names with Fara-Fara and Kaura as most common generic names accounting for 30% and 40% respectively of landrace variety (Figure 2). During targeted testcross of the landrace on CK60A, 'SorgGarki ' a landrace sorghum variety; characterized by white/large seeded grain with compact elliptic panicle medium maturing was identified as potential B-lines while 'Babbadiya', also characterized by white/large seeded grain with compact elliptic panicle medium maturing, was identified as good restorers on A1 cytoplasm system. • results and main aChievements • Current partnerships and future engagements for out sCaling Result could be attributed to the fact the Sudan savannah agro-ecology have relative low rains associated with less insect pest compared to those in the Guinea with high rains preferring loose panicle thus avoiding grain mould and insect damage. This implies that Sorghum hybrid parent development should at present target, high yielding white or yellow grains with compact elliptic panicle forms, medium height (2m) and medium maturity (100 days), since most of the users are for food consumption. • ConClusions Collaboration is active with Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Research Institutes, NARIs, Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria, (ARCN), National Agricultural Seed Council (NASC) Universities, States Agricultural Development programs (ADPs) of Ministries of Agriculture and Rural Developments and relevant NGOs. Names of partners  Prof D A Aba-Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University Zaria  Prof A Lawali- Usman Danfodio University Sokoto  Prof Mary Yeye-Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University Zaria  Prof B Y Abubakar- Agricultural Research Council of Nigeria.  Mal Madu –Dala Foods limited Kano. Characterization of Farmer’s exploratory landrace sorghum collections from Northern Nigeria Angarawai, I. I1 , Hakeem Ajeigbe1 , Mary Yeye2 , Nebie Baloua2 1, International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics Kano, Nigeria 2, Institute for Agricultural Research Ahmadu Bello University (IAR/ABU) Samaru Zaria, Nigeria 3, International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics Samanko, Mali Email of corresponding author: I.Angarawai@cgiar.org Figure 1: Histogram showing percentage variability in landrace sorghum for panicle forms. Figure 2: Exploratory Sorghum landrace collection across Northern Nigeria.
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