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Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics

  1. Supporting Agricultural R4D in the Semi-Arid Tropics Dr William D Dar Director General ICRISAT Ms Joanna Kane-Potaka Director, Strategic Marketing and Communications, ICRISAT
  2. Outline of Presentation • Challenges in Agriculture in SAT • CGIAR Research Programs • Adaptation to Climate Change • Major Impact of ICRISAT’s Research • Key Stakeholders • Conclusion
  3. The Biggest Challenge The Looming Perfect Storm
  4. The Challenges • Food insecurity and chronic malnutrition, • Land degradation, poor soil fertility, pests & diseases • Frequent drought & high temperatures • Socio-political instability • Lack of appropriate infrastructure The Looming Perfect Storm
  5. Vision A prosperous, food-secure and resilient dryland tropics Mission To reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dryland tropics
  6. ICRISAT Locations in the Semi-arid Tropics 55 countries 6.5 million sq km 2.5 billion people Headquarters Patancheru, Telangana, India ESA Regional Hub Nairobi, Kenya WCA Regional Hub Bamako, Mali
  7. Links with CRPs ICRISAT-led CRPs
  8. CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes Chickpea Common Bean Cowpea Faba Bean Groundnut Lentil Pigeonpea Soybean Ground-nut Leveraging legumes to combat poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation.
  9. Nutrient-efficient, resilient and sustainable legumes for prosperity in the drylands High in protein and nutrients. 2-4 times higher proteins than cereals. Provides a third of proteins needs of human Proteins in Chickpea and groundnut
  10. CGIAR Research Program on Dryland Cereals A global alliance for improving food security, nutrition and economic growth for the world’s most vulnerable poor. Barley Finger millet Pearl millet Sorghum
  11. IMOD: A new approach Inclusive Market-Oriented Development (IMOD) Harness Markets Manage Risks
  12. The CCAFS Framework Adapting Agriculture to Climate Variability and Change Technologies, practices, partnerships and policies for: 1. Adaptation to Progressive Climate Change 2. Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk 3. Pro-poor Climate Change Mitigation Improved Environmenta l Health Improved Rural Livelihoods Improve d Food Security enhanced adaptive capacity in agricultural, natural resource management, and food systems 4. Integration for Decision Making •Linking Knowledge with Action •Assembling Data and Tools for Analysis and Planning •Refining Frameworks for Policy Analysis
  13. Effect of climate change on dryland crops Crop Percent (%) change in grain yield + temp. + CO2* Net change Sorghum -(27 to 55%) +(0 to 10%) -(22 to 50%) P. millet -(38 to 56%) +(0 to 10%) -(33 to 51%) Groundnut -(38 to 44%) +(10 to 20%) -(23 to 29%) Pigeonpea -(23 to 26%) +(10 to 20%) -(8 to 11%) Chickpea -(22 to 24%) +(10 to 20%) -(7 to 9%)
  14. Potential change in cereal yields (%) Yield reductions up to 50% in many African countries, up to 30% in Central and South Asia (CGIAR 2010) 10 – 5 5 – 2.5 2.5 – 0 0 – -2.5 -2.5 – -5 -5 – -10 -10 – -20 No data Climate change and crop yields by 2080s
  15. Climate change adaptation in the drylands
  16. ICRISAT’s climate change-ready crops Drought-escaping groundnut cultivar ICGV 91114 Super early ICC 96029 75-80 days Extra-early ICCV 2 85-90 days Early maturing KAK 2 90-95 days Super-early chickpea Terminal drought-tolerant stay-green sorghum Pearl millet flowering at >40+°C Super-early pigeonpea
  17. Major Impacts of ICRISAT’s research
  18. The Jewels of ICRISAT 1. Community-based integrated watershed management 2. Fertilizer microdosing 3. Village Level Studies 4. Aflatoxin testing kit 5. Drought-tolerant groundnut 6. Early maturing chickpea 7. Hybrid pigeonpea 8. Pigeonpea in eastern and southern Africa 9. Pigeonpea genome 10. Guinea-race sorghum hybrids 11. Extra-early pearl millet hybrid 12. Sweet sorghum 13. Genetic resources for food security 14. Hybrid Parents Research Consortium 15. Open access repository 16. Seed systems in sub-Saharan Africa Baseline results show ROI of $71 per dollar invested
  19. ICRISAT Major Impacts • More than 255 improved crop varieties/hybrids derived from ICRISAT breeding research-for-development have been released by 39 developing countries for cultivation by farmers since 2000 • Microdosing and conservation agriculture have reached more than 300,000 small-scale farming households in Zimbabwe, increasing maize yields by 87% and sorghum & millet yields by 160% while mitigating drought losses and reducing soil erosion, saving US$7 million in grain imports annually. • Fusarium wilt-resistant, seasonally-adapted varieties of pigeonpea adopted on 45% of the crop’s area (double from five years ago) in northern Tanzania have tripled yields and created a thriving export market 20
  20. • Improved groundnut varieties and food safety in Malawi resulted in increased human consumption from 11,000 tons in 1990 to 68,000 tons by 2013. Per capita consumption rose from 1.5 kg in 1990 to 4.7 kg in 2013. • Germplasm-sharing and capacity-building assistance from ICRISAT to Ethiopia-EIAR has contributed to major chickpea production gains in the East Shewa Zone of Oromia and Amhara regions, benefiting nearly one million farm households. • The watershed management project in Lucheba, China, has increased labor income by 81.8% through diversification in favor of high value vegetable crops. • India’s first millet hybrid derived from marker-assisted selection for downy mildew resistance by ICRISAT is now grown on over 500,000 ha in Haryana and Rajasthan. 21 ICRISAT Major Impacts
  21. Integrated watershed management
  22. Bhoochetana: A Scaling-up Model with GoK
  23. Micro-enterprises Empowering the rural poor
  24. Increasing women incomes • New machinery saving time for women processors • Processors linked to grain producers and traders • Increasing access to credit by processors
  25. Meet Edina Kape, a groundnut woman farmer from Malawi
  26. Capacity building & awareness Training and Scientific Visits Location Male Female Total Patancheru 745 230 975 Niger 277 1356 1633 Mali 1389 1472 2861 Nigeria 629 204 833 Nairobi 616 399 1015 GRAND TOTAL 3656 3661 7317 Individual Learner-participants Trained in All ICRISAT Locations (by Category) Location Interns Scholars Fellows Total Patancheru 89 77 51 217 WCA 31 36 0 67 ESA 10 5 0 15 Grand Total 130 118 51 299 Individual Learner-participants Trained in All ICRISAT Locations (by Gender) Location Male Female Total Patancheru 108 109 217 WCA 49 18 67 ESA 8 7 15 Grand Total 165 134 299
  27. Partnerships • ICRISAT’s approach is to work through partnerships for – Research – Adoption • 130 Partners in 2013 – NARS Institutions – Universities – NGOs – Private Companies – IARCs – Farmers Associations and Women’s Organizations
  28. Together, we can lead dryland farmers to resiliency and prosperity! ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
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