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Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change an overview by Dr Mamta Sharma

  1. Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru- 502 324, Telangana, India Mamta Sharma On Behalf of Colleagues from ICM Research Program Asia Regional Planning Meeting, 4-5 May, 2016, ICRISAT, Patancheru An Overview
  2. Yield loss Oerke 2006
  3. ICM@ ICRISAT  Host plant resistance (HPR)  Pathogen/pest virulence spectrum  Mechanism of host x pathogen/pest interaction  Biological control  Climate change & emerging diseases/pests Major Areas of R &D
  4. Major Diseases and Pests Chickpea Pigeonpea Fusarium wilt Fusarium wilt Dry root rot SMD Collar rot Phytophthora blight Ascochyta blight Helicoverpa BGM Helicoverpa, Spodoptera, Maruca Maruca Sorghum Leaf Blight Downy mildew Charcoal rot Shoot fly Stem borer Pearl Millet Downy mildew Blast Rust
  5. Strategy and Approach Etiology, Biology and Epidemiology Role of climate variables Host Plant Resistance Monitoring virulence diversity Identification of resistant sources Breeding and germplasm - Standardization of screening protocols Molecular/geneticPathogenic Field Controlled environment Field survey Disease nurseriesHost differential Specific/multiple Pathotypes Multi–location and multi-year evaluation (G x E interaction) Stability of resistance - multi-location Virulence pattern Evolution of new races/pathotypes Characterization and establishment of new pathotypes Development of markers/sequencing On farm demonstrations in integration with other management approaches
  6. Phenotyping Facilities @ Pathology Chickpea wilt sick-plot Pigeonpea wilt & SMD sick-plot Growth room for AB & BGM Green house for PB
  7. Phenotyping Facilities @ Pathology Greenhouse screeningField screening Pearl millet downy mildew screening Field screening of sorghum diseases Sprinklers to facilitate grain mold/anthracnose Whorl inoculation for anthracnose/leaf blight Toothpick inoculation for charcoal rot
  8. Phenotyping Facilities @ Entomology & IPM Insect Rearing, Bioassays, Biochemical Mechanisms, HNPV Production
  9. Climate change facilities @ ICRISAT
  10. Current Project Portfolio @ICM
  11. Project # 1 : CoE on Climate change Research and plant protection (Donor: DST, Climate Change Programme) Shift in the geographical distribution Changes in the physiology of host Changes in the rate of development More rapid development Increased transmission and dispersal More virulent forms Vulnerability of present day host cultivars How climate change will impact pests and diseases ? Objective 1. Predict and map potential changes in relative abundance and geographical distribution of insect-pests and diseases in grain legumes Objective 2. Standardize techniques to study insect-pest/pathogen × host plant × environment interactions Objective 3. Study biochemical, molecular,genetic interactions between pathogens/ pests × host plant × environment in relation to expression of resistance to the target diseases and pests Objective 4. Capacity building for undertaking research on the effect of climate change on crop protection PHASE I Team: ICM (Pathology, Entomology)
  12. Project # 1 :CoE on Climate change and plant protection PHASE II Pest and disease management for climate change adaption National Network on Climate change and Agriculture Major Objectives  To assess the impacts of climatic variability on major pests of various agro-climatic zones of India  To generate strategic knowledge for climate change adaptation and mitigation for pests and diseases using field and simulation studies  To improve capacity of stakeholders & develop a framework for dissemination of climate resilient technologies related to pest and diseases Emerging diseases of significance Blast PB Collar rot Mealy bug Aphid Team: ICM (Pathology, Entomology, Crop Improvement, Agro-climatologist} Macrophomina/Rhizoctonia bataticola
  13. Vulnerability to Climate change: A sub-regional analysis of socio- economic and agriculture sectors in South India (Short-term project) Objectives: • To assess and identify most vulnerable districts in the state • To identify and prioritize drivers of vulnerability at different scales • To identify adaptive interventions to address the vulnerability Outcome: • Secondary data –Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra collected and analysed • Research article on Vulnerability to Climate change: A sub- regional analysis of socio-economic and agriculture sectors in South India Team: KVR, DMS Project # 2 :
  14. Pigeonpea Projects Addressing Phytophthora Blight Disease: An Emerging Threat to Pigeonpea Expansion and Production (Donor: DAC-NFSM, GoI) Major objectives: Identify pigeonpea genotypes with resistance to PB of pigeonpea Evaluate PB resistant genotypes at multi-locations and farmers’ fields Technology exchange/capacity building in management of PB Outputs:  Pathotype scenario of Phytophthora cajani in India known.  Screening techniques (greenhouse and field) for identification of resistant sources for PB in pigeonpea developed.  PB resistant lines identified as donor for use in the breeding program.  Information on PB research generated and shared with NARS institutes Partners: SAUs BHU, RAKCA, PAU Team: MS, RG, CVS, NARS
  15. Pearl Millet & Sorghum Projects # 1. Genetic analysis of blast resistance in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R. Br.) (Donor: Dryland Cereals Competitive Grants 2015) Major objectives:  Study inheritance and nature of resistance using the crosses made at IARI  Characterization of virulence diversity among M. grisea isolates collected from Delhi and adjoining areas #2. Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus in sorghum (Donor: SERB) Major objectives:  Identification of secondary metabolites influencing antixenosis for oviposition, survival and development of the stem borer  Transcriptomic analysis of secondary metabolites following insect damage to identify molecular markers associated with expression of resistance to C. partellus. [Team: RS, SKG] [Team: SV, HCS]
  16. Compatibility of well demonstrated and documented PGP actinomycetes and further evaluation on vegetable crops under field conditions Commercialization of sweet sorghum as a complimentary feedstock for ethanol production in the sugar mills of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.  Characterization of cellulose degrading microbes.  Evaluation by large scale studies under field conditions.  Value addition (with PGPR)  Mass multiplication and formulation.  Evaluation on promising actinomycetes on ICRISAT mandate crops and vegetables crops Team: SGK, AAK, IDC
  17. An insight of actinobacteria and nodulating rhizobium possessing 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate (ACC) deaminase on salinity tolerance of chickpea Assessment of actinomycetes as tripartite agent: Biocontrol of BGM, HPR enhancer and growth promoter on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.).  Mechanism of zinc solubilizing actinobacteria in vitro conditions.  Evaluation for host plant resistance - antioxidant enzyme, phenolic profiling and histochemical studies  Partial purification of secondary metabolites.  Isolation of actinobacteria and rhizobium possessing ACC deaminase activity. Team: SGK, MS, AS, RV, PMG, SS
  18. Young Scientist Projects Identification and evaluation of Helicoverpa armigera induced plant volatiles in cultigen & wild relatives of pigeonpea for increasing the effectiveness of the parasitoid Campoletis chlorideae for pest management (Donor: SERB) • The identification of morphological and biochemical traits in pigeonpea for attraction of Helicoverpa and its larval parasitoid, Campoletis. chlorideae. • Olfactometer bioassay with air entrained volatiles from pigeonpea and synthetic kairomone blends to H. armigera and C. chlorideae Major objectives: Addressing the collar rot disease (S. rolfsii Sacc.), an emerging threat to chickpea (Donor: SERB) Major objectives:  Development of rapid diagnostic tool for identifying,quantifying S. rolfsii  Sequencing of ITS regions to study genotypic variability in S. rolfsii isolates  Determination of physio-chemico changes associated with collar rot by various biochemical assays in different genotype(s)  Determination of expression profiling of PR gene(s) identified in chickpea through real-time PCR Team: JJ/HCS Team: AT/MS
  19. Integration with Genetic Gains  Molecular variability and development of markers for assessing variability in pathogens - Developed DArT Marker platform for Foc in chickpea  Whole genome sequencing of pathogens/PGPR - Comparative WGS of Foc in chickpea, Medicago, pea published  Whole transcriptome of pathogens - Foc during conidial germination (Team : Genomics and trait discovery)  Non-host resistance mechanism for DRR in chickpea (Cell Molecular Biology & Genetic Eng.)  QTLs for disease resistance genes  Resistance identification in wild spp. (Pre-Breeding)  Phenotyping of germplasm collection. (GeneBank)
  20. Building partnerships ICAR-ICRISAT Collaborative activities @ICM Team : with NARS AICRP Programs : Chickpea Pigeonpea Sorghum Pearl millet Screening of the IVT, AVT, NND Multi-location testing of disease/pest nurseries Monitoring of pathogen/pest variability Partnerships through various projects on R &D and technology dissemination
  21. ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium Thank you !
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