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Gender, Nutrition and Health: Achievements and key insights

  1. Gender, Nutrition and Health: Achievements and key insights Village Dynamics Studies in South Asia Presented by R Padmaja On behalf of SAT India team : Cynthia Bantilan, K Kavitha, GV Anil Kumar, P Padmaja, Y Mohan Rao 16 Female Field Investigators and 11 Male Field Investigators (ICRISAT) East India team: Usha Rani Ahuja and team (NIAP) Bangladesh team: Humnath Bhandari, Alamgir Chowdhury and team (IRRI, SocioConsult) Session 5, VDSA ARM 6, April 2-3, 2015, ICRISAT-Patancheru
  2. Ultimate goal Raising the voices of the poor
  3. Achievements
  4. Analyticsusing the data generated in the past and 2013-2014  VDSA is a blunt instrument, but is like a Swiss army knife  Individual indicators (for eg. on empowerment and nutrition) are revealing !  These indicators add up to the computation of empowerment and rural transformation  They may not always add up in the same direction  Social and gender norms and context specific insights are important ; understanding the processes Power of VDSA – ground level, context specific knowledge that can be translated into actions and outcomes Source of Picture and concept: Hazel Malapit, 2014
  5. Feminization of agriculture
  6. Feminization of agriculture – a myth or a reality ?  Two contrasting and bipolar findings:  Macro data trends project defeminisation of agriculture  Micro-level evidences however point to a progressive feminisation of agriculture
  7. Feminization of agriculture  Definite approaches to understand processes taking place Institutional dimensions to be also looked into Agrarian distress Vs. agriculture distress Dynamics of structural transformation to be understood Dynamics of rural labor markets – aspirations of people
  8. Assets – men and women Network map of women involved in land and labor transactions
  9. FivedomainsofempowermentA woman’s empowerment score shows her own achievements
  10. 11 Does income increase automatically translate into better nutritional outcomes especially for women and children?
  11. Dietary diversity: women
  12. Dietary diversity: children
  13. Double burden of malnutrition
  14. Dietary Composition *Values are in real prices base year of 2009-10
  15. Lessons learnt
  16. VLS data can explain why income appears to be a small factor in conditioning nutritional status – calorie and micro-nutrient intake
  17. Why to people in India continue to defecate in the open…
  18. Minimum nutrition metrics for agriculture Tool validation: MNDA Vs VDSA Intensive rounds - WDDS Source: TCi-ICRISAT Collaborative research
  19. Way forward Integrate nutrition modules into VDSA Phase 2 in all the locations/sites MNDA - quarterly Periodic intensive nutrition surveys Analytics – in collaboration with ARIs eg. DSE, Cornell University, Penn State
  20. Way forward Provide answers for action outcomes …  Why income increases not translate into nutritional improvements?  Sanitation – a blind spot on nutrition ?  How can we make the communities more resilient to shocks – eg. climatic shocks, health shocks, etc  Feminization of agriculture – a good thing or bad thing? Translating the results into outcomes/ actions – BCC; policy options; programs Markets – driving force for transformation : IMOD lens for VDSA
  21. Thank you!

Editor's Notes

  1. Integration of gender issues into the VDSA – already integrated VLS was one of the few databases that already had a gender component since the 1975 Nutrition is being now integrated into the surveys
  2. A food secure, prosperous , healthy women, children and men, How does the VDSA contribute to this – Through the data, making their voices heard…for evidence based policy and programs
  3. Mention gender is well integrated.. We are all using a gender lens In all our analysis and understanding of the processes Demography involves the statistical study of human populations. As a very general science, it can analyze any kind of dynamic living population, i.e., one that changes over time or space (see population dynamics). It encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and spatial and/or temporal changes in them in response to time, birth, migration, aging, and death. Demographic analysis can cover whole societies, or groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion and ethnicity. Acknowledge JV Meenakshi…. Nutrition integration
  4. To understand the women’s empowerment pathway for improving nutrition through agriculture, the unified framework we have adopted brings about synergies and convergence among the different quadrant strategies, the various research activities of CRP PIM as well as the other CRPS which ICRISAT is leading – CRP Dryland Cereals and Grain Legumes. These strategies are also potential research and intervention themes.   One of the IDOs especially the one related to nutrition and gender is enhance maternal health and reduced childhood stunting. These indicators help us to measure the SLOs namely improved food security and improved health and nutrition   The different strategies are: Income growth Food based solutions Along with the food affordability, access and availability, two strategies gaining importance for which we are also collecting data are Behavior change Nutrient absorption and availability   The challenge is to get all these strategies to work together in one place. Likewise, macro data may not capture all these indicators.
  5. Refer to the paper by Dr Ramesh Chand and Srivastava – 75 % of ag labor force is female; but their share in total work force is 35 %.... Female withdrawal from ag work Micro-level
  6. Once we divide the regions into agriculturally distressed and non-distressed regions then the patterns of employment tend to change substantially from the overall picture. In the non-distressed region share of male workers in farm sector was 64 percent, but in the distressed regions the share declined drastically to 56 percent (Table 4). Correspondingly, the share of women workers increased from 36 percent to 45 percent. Even in the nonfarm sector the share of males declined slightly from, 78 percent to 76 percent, while that of females increased from 22 percent to 24 percent. In total employment, the share of males declined from 70 percent to 63 percent , while the share of females increased from 30 percent to 37 percent, when one moves from non-distress region to distress region. This essentially suggests feminization of work in the farm in regions experiencing agricultural distress. The incidence of this feminization seems to be much higher in farm sector rather than non-farm sector. One probable reason is the distress related male migration to other regions.
  7. Production: decisions about agricultural production, including sole or joint decisionmaking power over food or cash-crop farming, livestock, and fisheries, as well as autonomy in agricultural production Resources: access to and decisionmaking power over productive resources, including ownership of, access to, and decisionmaking power over productive resources such as land, livestock, agricultural equipment, consumer durables, and credit Income: sole or joint control over income and expenditures Leadership: Leadership in the community, including membership in economic or social groups and being comfortable with speaking in public Time: allocation of time to productive and domestic tasks and satisfaction with the time available for leisure activities
  8. Rising incomes …. The share of expenditure in the total expenditure towards non-food commodities is increasing… what we know
  9. With the new and additional data that we have we may be able to establish the connection between malnutrition and sanitation…. WATER
  10. Validated and now can be incorporated into ag surveys The means are not significantly different (p=.4212) The MNDA 3 Day WDDS and the VLS 2014 WDDS are collecting the same information.
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