Advances in below and above-ground phenotyping
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More, better, faster, cheaper: Practical needs for improving the rate of genetic gain. Global Goods: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - 29 oct 2014
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Advances in below and above-ground phenotyping
- 1. More, Better, Faster, Cheaper: practical needs for improving the rate of genetic gain Advances in below and above-ground phenotyping Vincent Vadez & Team ICRISAT Global Goods – Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 29 Oct 2014
- 2. Lysimetric facility at ICRISAT Morphology Functionality Shift in how we look at roots Kinetics of water uptake 2800 “small” PVC / 1600 “large” PVC Limitations / Challenges: • Capacity/automation (load cells) • 3-D in-situ Strengths: • Water use efficiency • Water extraction at key times
- 3. Variation for water use efficiency • Huge genetic variation • Variants used in breeding FunctionalitySorghum Pearl millet
- 4. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 Waterused(kgpl-1) Days after sowing Water extraction at key times Less water extraction at vegetative stage, more for grain filling Zaman-Allah et al 2011 See Borrell et al 2014 See Vadez et al 2013 From Deery et al 2014 See Prashar et al 2013 Sensitive Tolerant Trait dissection Possible Field applications Early vigor (RGB / NDVI) Infra Red imaging Canopy T°C Staygreen Vegetative Reprod/ Grain fill Conductance Canopy area
- 5. Capacity: 4,800 plots Throughput: 2,400 plots/hour Traits: LA, Height, Leaf angle, … LeasyScan at ICRISAT Leaf canopy area and conductance
- 6. Leaf area See Chapuis et al 2012 From Welcker et al 2014 Leafarea Water use Leaf canopy area Trait dissection Possible Field applications Wind + Light TºC + RH % From Deery et al 2014 Lidar scanning Leaf area response to environmental conditions Leafelongationrate Atmospheric drought Soil drought
- 7. Canopy Scanning + plant transpiration = live water budget Leaf canopy conductance Load Cells Limitations / challenges: • Load cells capacity • Data management / analysis Strengths: • Throughput • Meta-data
- 8. Terminal drought sensitive Terminal drought tolerant 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 Evaporative demand (VPD) H77/2 833-2 PRLT-2/89-33 Canopyconductance Modulate conductance Decrease TR at high VPD Leaf canopy response to VPD Water saving Canopy TºC Link to root anatomical differences Trait dissection Possible Field applications Infra Red imaging From Araus and Cairns 2014 From Burton et al 2012 Root anatomy
- 9. Crop simulation of trait effect on yield See Sinclair et al 2010 See Cooper et al 2014 Grain yield (g m-2) Traits targeted to specific zones Chose test locations
- 10. 0 10 20 30 393 108 Fold-increase Genotypes Aquaporin gene expression PIP2;6 PIP2;7 PIP2;9 PIP1;2 PIP1;3 PIP1;4 Trait variability Genomics (Genetics) See Cooper et al 2014 Multi-location testing Crop Simulation (Validation) Linking-up the pieces Trait dissection Field phenotyping See Lynch et al 2014 See Granier et al 2014 See Cobb et al 2013 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 Evaporative demand (VPD) Canopyconductance Thank you