Adaptation of SAT crops to water limitation and climate change
Adaptation of SAT crops
To water limitation
And climate change
Vincent Vadez – Jana Kholova
ICRISAT
CSSA – ASA – SSSA meeting – Long Beach 2-5 Nov 2014
Maximum temperature in the SAT
Hypothetic
Temperature
threshold
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
MaximumT°C
1983-HQ 1992-HQ
2001-HQ 2012-HQ
1983-ISC 1990-ISC
1998-ISC
Headquarter
Sahelian Center
T°C rarely crosses critical limits
for SAT crops
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
MaximumVPD Sahelian
Center
Headquarter
Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in the SAT
Prevalent high VPD
Effect on plant water balance
VPD
threshold
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98
Waterused(kgpl-1)
Days after sowing
Water extraction at key times
Less water extraction
at vegetative stage,
more for grain filling
Zaman-Allah et al 2011
See Borrell et al 2014
See Vadez et al 2013
Sensitive
Tolerant
Trait dissection
Vegetative Reprod/ Grain fill
Conductance
Canopy area
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
152 Germplasm tested
TE
10 lowest TE are all VPD-Insensitive
10 highest TE are all VPD-sensitive
High TE lines limit transpiration at high VPD
Why are VPD-sensitive sorghum so interesting?
Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD, in kPa)
Transpirationrate(gcm-2h-1)
0.0 2.0 4.0
0.0
1.0
A – Insensitive to VPD – High rate at low VPD
B – Sensitive to VPD – High rate at low VPD
C – Sensitive to VPD – Low rate at low VPD
D – Insensitive to VPD – Low rate at low/high VPD
Main types of Tr response to VPD
Water use
difference
Leaf conductance differences = water
Vadez et al 2013 – FPB in press
4 replications
RH & T hourly recording
Weighing:
7-11am = low VPD
11am-15pm = high VPD
8” pots re-saturated every day
soil evaporation minimized with plastic beads
How to phenotype at large scale?
Capacity: 4,800 plots
Throughput: 2,400 plots/hour
Traits: LA, Height, Leaf angle, …
LeasyScan at ICRISAT
Leaf canopy area and conductance
VPD-insensitive
VPD-sensitive
Any difference in aquaporin expression
In sorghum contrasting for VPD response??
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.62 1.05 1.58 2.01 2.43 3.05 3.45
Transpiration(gpl-1cm-2)
VPD (kPa)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Low TE High TE
HighVPD/LowVPD PIP1;1
PIP1;2
PIP1;3
PIP1;4
PIP2;1
PIP2;2
PIP2;4
PIP2;5
PIP2;6
PIP2;7
PIP2;8
PIP2;9
PIP2;10
PIP relative expression (High VPD/Low VPD)
VPD – insensitive line
increases expression of PIP2
PIP2;6
PIP2;9
PIP2;7
VPD-Insensitive VPD-Sensitive
grain yield gain (low TR)
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
original yield (kg/ha)
yieldgain(kg/ha)
1 postflowering
2 flowering
3 postflowering-relieved
4 no stress
5 preflowering
Original yield (kg ha-1)
0
Yield increase (kg/ha) with transpiration
sensitivity to high VPD: Rabi sorghum
Yieldincrease
-1 0 +33
Crop modelling used to predict trait effects
15-30% yield increase at high latitudes
% yield increase with transpiration
sensitivity to high VPD: Peanut
Lysimetric evaluation
Transpiration in pots
0.000
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.62 1.05 1.58 2.01 2.43 3.05 3.45
Transpiration
(gcm-2h-1)
VPD
Low TE
High TE
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Low TE High TE
TE
grain yield gain (low TR)
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
original yield (kg/ha)
yieldgain(kg/ha)
1 postflowering
2 flowering
3 postflowering-relieved
4 no stress
5 preflowering
Original yield (kg ha-1)
0
AQP gene expression
Modeling of Tr restriction
effect on yield
The VPD response lead to higher TE
It is itself related to differences in AQP gene
expression
Major yield increase possible across crops
Breeding (donors identified)
Harness genetics – Phenotyping (new platform)
In Summary…
Thank you
Collaborators:
F. Chaumont (Univ. Louvain)
G. Hammer / A. Borrell / G McLean /
E van Oosterom (Univ. Queensland)
B Sine / N Belko / Ndiaga Cisse (CERAAS)
C Messina (Pioneer)
Donors:
B&MG Foundation
GCP
ACIAR
DFID
ICRISAT
Technicians / Data analyst:
Srikanth Malayee
Rekha Badham
M Anjaiah
N Pentaiah
Students:
M Tharanya
S Sakthi
T Rajini
Colleagues:
KK Sharma / T Shah / F Hamidou
HD Upadhyaya / R Srivastava / Bhasker Raj
SP Deshpande / PM Gaur