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Agricultural transformation in VDSA villages in Bihar
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Agricultural transformation in VDSA villages in Bihar

  1. March2015 Sciencewithahumanface About ICRISAT: www.icrisat.org ICRISAT’s scientific information: http://EXPLOREit.icrisat.org Agricultural transformation in VDSA villages in Bihar Abhay Kumar1 , RKP Singh2 , KM Singh1 , N Chandra1 , Pankaj Kumar1 and BP Bhatt1 1 ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna; 2 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, India Introduction • Agriculture contributes about 20% to GSDP and provides employment to about 70% of working force in rural area • The state economy growing annually by 9.0% (2007-13), with robust growth (4-5%) in agriculture and livestock sector • Though, agriculture largely depends on monsoon, only one normal rainfall year during last four years in state • Foodgrain- mostly fine cereals dominate the cropping pattern in VDSA villages • However, importance of pulse crops growing in the village. Objective • To examine the changes in cropping pattern in VDSA villages in Bihar state. • to examine the trend of agricultural transformation in the study villages. Data and methodology • Survey Area: Two villages each in Patna district and Darbhanga district of Bihar • Survey year: 2010-11 to 2013-14 • Sampling: Panel survey of 40 households from each village, comprising 10 from each category viz.- labour, small, medium and large category. Total sample size: 160. Results Change in Cropping pattern • Rice and wheat still dominating- due to home consumption and assured market • Lower rainfall- triggered diversion of crop area to pulses & potato, but only temporarily • Prosperous villages (in Patna dist) allocating more area to fodder crop • Rainfall still plays key role in determining gross cropped area, cropping pattern and intensity of cropping in Bihar. Changes in input-use and crop yield • Use of Tractor, thresher and diesel pumps increased many fold and a sharp decline in use of human and bullock labour observed • Fertilizer application increased, though there is significant difference in both the districts • This is clearly reflected in the crop yield of two major crops i.e. rice and wheat • Proportion of irrigated area increased to more than 70%, mainly through diesel engine operated private tube wells • Inadequate irrigation applied by poor farmers in Darbhanga district • Area producing more than 4.0 t/ha rice and more than 3.0 t/ha of wheat increased in VDSA villages • However yield realisation in Darbhanga district is very low as compared to that in Patna district. Conclusions • Pulses and vegetables find place in unfavourable weather condition • Irrigation- costly input due to high dependence on fossil fuel for groundwater irrigation • Lack of institutional support in providing cheaper credit and modern technology (seed) in remote villages • Four years is very short period to notice agricultural transformation. The study should continue to understand the extent and causality of agricultural transformation. Share of different crops in Gross Cropped Area in VDSA villages 38% 44% 8.7, 9% Patna district Paddy Wheat Pulses Oilseed Vegetable Fodder crops Other crops 2010-11 2013/14 Darbhanga district 2010-11 2013/14 Darbhanga district 2010-11 2013/14 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Hour/hectare Mandays/hectare Per hectare use of human, machine and bullock in VDSA villages, Bihar Human labour, Patna Human labour, Darbhanga Machine labour, Patna Machine labour, Darbhanga Bullock labour, Darbhanga 90 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Distribution of crop area across different yield category, % 0 50 100 150 200 250 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 FerƟlizer applicaƟon in VDSA villages (NPK in kg/ha) Patna Darbhanga Rice-Patna district <2 t/ha 2- 3 t/ha 3- 4 t/ha > 4 t/ha 2010/11 2013/14 Rice-Darbhanga district 2010/11 2013/14 Wheat-Patna district < 1.5 t/ha 1.5 -2.0 t/ha 2- 3 t/ha > 3 t/ha 2010/11 2013/14 Wheat-Darbhanga district 2010/11 2013/14 VILLAGE DYNAMICS IN SOUTH ASIA Funding support: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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