3. Section 1002
• Home to the calving
grounds for the declining
Porcupine caribou herd
• This herd has migrated
here for over 27,000
years
• Over 130 species of birds
from seven continents
breed and nest in ANWR
• The entire Beaufort Sea
population of polar bears
den onshore within
Section 1002
• Key birthing and rearing
area for a host of other
mammals
4. Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
• The Arctic National
Wildlife Refuge ANWR
is 19,000,000 acres
• There is 1,500,000
acres located at the
northern edge of the
ANWR known as area
1002.
• This area is filled with
wildlife and native
people.
5. Cons to drilling
• The ANWR is home to
one of the largest
caribou herds.
• The Porcupine caribou
herd calves in area 1002.
7. Who it effects
• Area 1002 is home to
several Alaska native
groups
• Many of the small villages
are located on the
shoreline.
• The natives rely on a
subsistence life stile.
8. Long-term damage
• Oil drilling platforms are
in use for many years.
• There will be constant
noise and disturbance to
the wildlife.
• Soil contamination
9. Pros
• Nearly 10.5 billion
barrels of oil are thought
to lay under area 1002.
• The US imports 10
million barrels of oil per
day and produces only 5
million
10. Who it improves
• Oil wells create new jobs
and opportunity
• Expansion of culture
• Modernization
12. Relation to the Hetch Hetchy Dam
Similarities
• Dispute over altering a
wilderness/wildlife area or
preservation
• Anthropocentrism vs.
ecocentrism
Hetch Hetchy
ANWR
13. Relation to the Hetch Hetchy Dam
Differences
• Using limited resources vs.
preservation as opposed to
conservation vs.
preservation
• Larger impact on the
people and animals in the
area
• Extent of Damage
14. Conclusions
• Risk vs. Reward
• Past and Future
• “Centrisms”
• Extent of Damage
• Long-term Benefits
vs. Long-term Cost
The area was established in 1960 and is 19,000,000 acres. The prospected oil drilling fields have been classified as area 1002. It is 1,500,000 acres located at the northern edge of the ANWR. This area is filled with wildlife and native people. Area 1002 is covered in controversy to drill or not to drill even today.
The Porcupine Caribou herd is the second largest herd in Alaska. The calve in the northern region of the ANWR and prefer area 1002 to the surround calving grounds.
The gray area is the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The dotted line marks the boarder of area 1002 and the green dots represent the calving caribou.
The ANWR is also home to six native Alaskan groups, including Eskimos, Tlingits, and Aleut. These natives survive through traditional hunting and fishing grounds. Drilling in area 1002 can damage the calving grounds and reduce the number of game the native Alaskans can hunt. Also, test drilling off the shoreline creates oil spills and leaks. This is very harmful to marine mammals and fish the local people depend on.
Oil wells are used in stationary locations for many years until the oil supply runs out. This means there could be few oil wells that will be on sight for as many as 30 years, or many oil wells continuously constructed and town down as the oil is removed. The constant noise and disturbance of these oil wells can disrupt the migratory patterns of the caribou as well and alter their traditional calving grounds. Also, Chevron spent three years and millions of dollars To try and erase their foot print from oil drilling platforms, but were unsuccessful. They tried to reseed the soil to return it back to the way it was, but there was too much degradation to the land to grow anything. It is not as simple as removing equipment and every thing returns to normal.
Scientist using seismic graphing and ground penetrating radar believe there is any where from 6 to 16 billion barrels located under area 1002. With the US only producing 5 million barrels a day and relying on the importation of 10 million barrels creates a higher cost. If the US could fully produce its own oil supply the cost for domestic fuels could go down, but It would not have much of an effect on global fuel prices.
The oil wells will create much needed job opportunities for the native Alaskans. The creation of work areas and homes needed to house workers will allow native communities constricted by there natural resources to expand their home range. Also, the increased revenue and technology in the area will help the isolated communities industrialize. This creates a better future for the communities in a modern world.
