Referencing is acknowledging the intellectual work of others in written assignments by citing sources. It is important for several reasons, including showing supporting evidence, adding credibility, and avoiding plagiarism. The Harvard referencing system is introduced, which cites sources in-text with the author's last name and date, and includes a reference list with full citations. The reference list is placed at the end of the assignment in alphabetical order by author's last name. Different source types like books, journals, and electronic sources are demonstrated for the reference list format. Proper referencing is important for academic integrity and can impact assignment marks.

1. Harvard Referencing
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2. What is Referencing?
It is an expected academic practice that students will refer
to (or cite) the sources of ideas, data and other evidence
in written assignments.
“Referencing is the practice of acknowledging
in your own writing the intellectual work of
others; work that has been presented in some
way into the public domain”.

3. Referencing is, about respecting
and honouring the hard work of
writers and commentators – by
acknowledging them in your
assignments

4. Why Referencing- Benefits
Your benefit
• To show off!
• To add authority to
your argument
• To add credibility
to your
information
Reader’s benefit
• To understand the
context of your work
• To allow your reader
to track down your
research

5. Ethical reasons:
•Intellectual integrity
•To distinguish between:
• Your ideas
• Someone else’s ideas
•Intellectual property issues

6. You must include a reference
every time you:
(i) use someone else’s ideas in your own
words,
(ii) summarise someone else’s ideas,
(iii) quote someone else’s words, and
(iv) reproduce a diagram, table, graph or
chart from someone else’s work.

7. Academic Honesty
• Failing to reference appropriately could result in
your assessors thinking you are guilty of
plagiarism
• The act of using somebody else's work or ideas
as your own.
• Plagiarism is defined by De Montfort University
Student Regulations as
• “The significant use by a student of other
people’s work and the submission of it as though
it were his or her own”

8. Influences…
• Tutors will be also interested in
your list of references or
bibliography
• To identify which Authors or
sources have been influential in
moulding or shaping the direction
taken by you in your research.

9. Marking criteria
• The selection of relevant evidence and accurate
referencing is an important element in the marking of
assignments,
• Accurate referencing can often make the difference
between a pass, a credit or a distinction.
• Accurate referencing is also a tangible demonstration
• to your tutor of your research,
• intellectual integrity and
• the care you have taken in preparing to write the
assignment.

10. When to reference: six scenarios
1. To give the reader the source of tables,
statistics, diagrams, photographs and
other illustrations included in your
assignment
2. When describing or discussing a theory,
model or practice associated with a
particular writer (this links specifically to
the next two items)
3. To give weight or credibility to an
argument supported by you in your
assignment

11. When to reference: six scenarios
4. When giving emphasis to a particular theory,
model or practice that has found a measure
of agreement and support among
commentators
5. To inform the reader of sources of direct
quotations or definitions in your assignment
6. When paraphrasing another person’s work,
which is outside the realm of common
knowledge, and that you feel is particularly
significant or likely to be a subject of debate.
This can also include definitions.

12. When you do not need
to reference
1. When presenting historical overviews
2. When presenting your own experiences
3. In conclusions, when you are repeating
ideas previously referenced
4. When summarizing what is regarded as
‘common knowledge’.

13. Harvard
Refernecing
(author-date)
system

14. In Harvard (author-date) system
• You supply the author’s name and the
date of publication of the document
referred to within the text.
• In order to find out more about the
document a reader can simply look up
the author’s name in the reference list

15. The Basics- Name & Date system
Citations: (i.e. quotations or references to sources that
you use to support your arguments)
• written in the main body of your assignment by giving/citing
the author‟s family/surname followed by the date of the source in
brackets i.e. Brown (2010).
Reference list: You will need to provide a complete
list of all the citations that you use in the body of your
assignment at the end of your work.

16. The Basics- In text and reference list

17. In text Citation and Reference list
example

22. Three or more authors –
use et al.
for the second time repetitions
onwards.

23. Paraphrase and Quote
example

24. What does a reference list look like?

25. Where does it go?
At the end!
Only an index would appear after
a bibliography or reference list

26. Reference List
An alphabetical list of all
resources used or referred to in
writing an assignment.
Citations include author, date,
title, publisher and place of
publication.

27. References & Bibliographies
• References are the items you have read and specifically
referred to (or cited) in your assignment.
• A bibliography is a list of everything you read in preparation
for writing an assignment.
• A bibliography will, therefore, normally contain sources that you
have cited and those you found to be influential but decided not
to cite.
• A bibliography can give a tutor an overview of which authors
have influenced your ideas and arguments even if you do not
specifically refer to them.

28. Book – in Reference list

29. Journal- in Reference List

30. E –Books- Accessed date

31. E – journal – Accessed date

33. When no date is available

34. Summary

35. Books

41. Journals

47. Electronic Sources

52. Thank You…`