3. Sources of Variation in Production Processes Materials Tools Operators Methods Measurement Instruments Human Inspection Performance Environment Machines INPUTS PROCESS OUTPUTS
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6. Deming’s Philosophy On Processes “ 85% of the reasons for failure to meet customer requirements are related to deficiencies in systems and processes …rather than the employee. The role of management is to change the process rather than badgering individuals to do better.” - W. Edwards Deming Six Sigma Focuses On Change
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8. Key Idea Six Sigma can be described as a business improvement approach that seeks to find and eliminate causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and service processes by focusing on outputs that are critical to customers and a clear financial return for the organization.
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11. What is Six Sigma ? 2 308,537 3 66,807 4 6,210 5 233 6 3.4 PPM Process Capability Defects per Million Opportunity 2 69 .1% 3 93.32% 4 99.379% 5 99.9767% 6 99.99966% % Non-Defective 2 95.46 3 99.73 4 99.9937 5 99.999943 6 99.9999998 % Non-Defective WITH 1.5 SHIFT
12. Practical Meaning 99% Good (4 ) 99.99966% Good (6 ) Postal System 20,000 Lost Articles Of Mail / Hr 7 Lost Articles / Hr Airline System Two Short/Long Landings / Day 1 Short / Long Per 5 Years Medical Profession 200,000 Wrong Drug Prescriptions / Year 68 Wrong Drug Prescriptions/Year
19. 六標準差專案流程圖 定義專案目標與交付標的 定義現有流程 分析量測系統 建立管制系統 量測基礎流程 稽核現有流程及矯正不良事項 增強設計現有流程以臻完美 辨識和矯正特殊變異因素 表現製程能力 符合組織目標及目的 是否符合專案目標? 是否符合專案目標? 是否符合專案目標? 流程是否存在 是否符合專案目標? DFSS 開發新流程 結束 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No D D M M C A A I I I
35. 成本 / 品質導向之部門專案計畫表 單項工作 作業流程 執行 目標 評核 指標 相關配 合單位 施行分 段時程 成本效 益分析 負責 主管 e.g. Activity- Network Diagram e.g. DRG Ceiling e.g. % of Target e.g. Gantt Chart e.g. CBA CEA e.g. Focus Group