1.
亞洲四曉龍
Asia’s 4 Dragons/Tigers
Presenter: Li-chin (Crystal) Huang
Invited by professor Jean Husby to her International Business Program/Class

2.
What are the 4 Asian Tigers/Dragons?
1.The term Four Asian Tigers or East Asian Tigers
refers to the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore,
South Korea, and Taiwan. They are also known as
Asia's Four Little Dragons.
2.These countries and territories were noted for
maintaining high growth rates and rapid
industrialization between the early 1960s and
1990s.
3.In the early 21st century, with the original four
Tigers at or near to fully developed status,
attention has increasingly shifted to other Asian
economies which are experiencing rapid
economic transformation at the present time.

3.
What are the 4 Asian Tigers/Dragons?
4.The four Tigers share a range of
characteristics with other Asian economies,
such as China and Japan, and pioneered
what has come to be seen as a particularly
"Asian" approach to economic
development.
5. Key differences include initial levels of
education and physical access to world
markets (in terms of transport infrastructure
and access to coasts and navigable rivers,
which are essential for cheap shipping).

4.
East (Asia) VS. West
• When reading – nodding vs. shaking
head
• When easting – checking the balance
vs. showing knives and forks
• When talking – more uncertainty vs.
affirmative

5.
Why do I need to know this?
• Globalization / Internationalization
• Global Markets / Business and trades
• Interdependence
• Expanding horizon
• Cross-cultural understanding
• Business opportunities
• International Sales Representative, Global
Distribution Manager, International Trade Manager
and many other interesting, in-demand professions.

6.
• 香港特別行政區
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

7.
• Singapore
Republik Singapura
新加坡共和国
சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு
Republic of Singapore

8.
• Korea / 대한민국
大韓民國
Daehan Minguk
Republic of Korea (RoK)

9.
• 中華民國 / Taiwan
• Jhonghuá Mínguó
Republic of China

10.
Geographical Location of Taiwan in Asia

11.
The Trajectory of Women’s
Development in Taiwan
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Traditional society:before 1940 and to 1960s
Take-off: 1970s
Awakening: 1980s-1990s
Continuing Development:2000-

12.
When I was a student.
When my nieces and nephews were

13.
Harmony in Far Eastern Societies
•天 時 不 如 地 利 ;
地 利 不 如 人 和.
•人 和 為 貴.
•人 無 笑 臉 不 開 店.

14.
The common characteristics of
the Four Asian Tigers are:
• Focused on exports to richer industrialized nations
• Trade surplus with aforementioned countries
• Sustained rate of double-digit growth for decades
• Non-democratic and relatively authoritarian
political systems during the early years
• High level of U.S. treasury bond holdings
• High savings rate
• A high degree of what is referred to as economic
freedom. Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South
Korea are 1st, 2nd, 37th, and 45th respectively on
the Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic
Freedom.

15.
Role of traditional philosophies
- Cultural of Harmony and Confucian values
• Economic success in Japan, followed by the Four
Asian Tigers, has been attributed to the existence
of harmonious labor-management relations.
( W. Dean Kinzley, "Industrial Harmony in Modern
Japan.”)
• “Industrial Harmony” is this unique “Culture of
harmony” that was consciously invented and
based paradoxically upon a reaffirmation of
ancient Confucian values and native Japanese
traditions of harmony, self-sacrifice and non-
individualistic group striving in pursuit of a
common cause.
• This is the foundation of "Asian Political economy".

16.
Calligraphy Activity
• Harmony
• Peace
• Equity
• Music and Painting appreciation

17.
W.W. Rostow’s 5 stages of
economic development
• Stage 1 -- Traditional Society
The economy is dominated by subsistence activity where
output is consumed by producers rather than traded. Any trade
is carried out by barter where goods are exchanged directly for
other goods. Agriculture is the most important industry and
production is labor intensive using only limited quantities of
capital. Resource allocation is determined very much by
traditional methods of production.
• Stage 2 -- Transitional Stage (the preconditions for
takeoff)
Increased specialization generates surpluses for trading. There
is an emergence of a transport infrastructure to support trade.
As incomes, savings and investment grow entrepreneurs
emerge. External trade also occurs concentrating on primary
products.

18.
W.W. Rostow’s 5 stages of
economic development
• Stage 3 -- Take Off
Industrialization increases, with workers switching from the
agricultural sector to the manufacturing sector. Growth is
concentrated in a few regions of the country and in one or two
manufacturing industries. The level of investment reaches over 10%
of GNP.
• The economic transitions are accompanied by the evolution of new
political and social institutions that support the industrialization. The
growth is self-sustaining as investment leads to increasing incomes
in turn generating more savings to finance further investment.
• Stage 4 -- Drive to Maturity
The economy is diversifying into new areas. Technological
innovation is providing a diverse range of investment opportunities.
The economy is producing a wide range of goods and services and
there is less reliance on imports.
• Stage 5 -- High Mass Consumption
The economy is geared towards mass consumption. The consumer
durable industries flourish. The service sector becomes increasingly
dominant

19.
NICs’ stories
• The rapid industrialization of Hong Kong, Singapore, South
Korea and Taiwan after 1960 was an economic
phenomenon unparalleled in human history.
• Their real growth rate of more than 9% per year for the
period 1965-84 was one of the highest in the world.
Advanced industrial countries looked these newly-
industrializing countries (NICs) as both future competitive
threats and as potential commercial opportunities.
• Each dragon had a different story to tell.
1. Hong Kong - development and industrialization was
shaped almost totally by market forces with limited
government intervention;
2. Singapore - the government played a strong managerial
and development role;
3. South Korea- the large business groups known as
chaebol played a prominent role in growth while
government was heavily involved in economic policy.
4. Taiwan - where the emphasis was on letting the
individual, rather than the nation, get rich, the

20.
Global Ranking and Share
for Asia's "Four Dragons"
• Service Exports for 2000 & 2006
• Country & area
• 2006 2000
• Rank Ratio (%) Rank Ratio (%)
• China 8 3.2 12 2.1
• India 10 2.7 22 1.2
• Hong Kong 11 2.6 9 2.9
• Singapore 13 2.1 15 1.9
• South Korea 16 1.9 14 2.0
• Taiwan 26 1.1 18 1.4
• Brazil 35 0.6 33 0.6
• Source: WTO

21.
Taiwan’s recent report
• Taiwan ranks as World's 26th exporter of services
• 04/24/2007 (CENS)
• Taiwan took the 26th place in the world in terms of exports of
services in 2006, the lowest ever recorded and the last among
Asia's "four little dragons", according to the statistics released by
the World Trade Organization (WTO).
In the same year, Taiwan commanded the world's 16th place in
exports of goods, with foreign trade value standing at US$427
billion or 1.7% of the global total, down 0.1 of a percentage point
from 2005`s corresponding figure.
The Cabinet-level Council for Economic Planning & Development
(CEPD) indicated that the service industry includes tourism,
transportation, intellectual properties, international financial
services, etc. The lackluster export performance of Taiwan`s
service industry is mainly because the industry has long focused
on domestic market.
In recent years Taiwan has seen slight growth of foreign tourists
and the loading volume of Taiwan's international harbors has been
on the decline due to the growing competition from on the other
side of the Taiwan Strait. Besides, Taiwan`s international financial

22.
i
• New Delhi: India has the potential of becoming a world economic
power by AD 2020 if it continues with its liberalisation and
globalisation policies, according to a recent study.
• India can become the third largest world economy and a newly-
industrialised country with living standard equivalent to that of South
Korea by AD 2020 if it continues with its present policy of liberalisation
and globalisation of economy," it says.
• Here is some private consumption expenditure fig for 1994.(IMF)
Private consumption fig is a measure of standard of living.
Japan................. 21,770
Switzerland........... 21,220
United States.........17,760
France................ 13,830
Germany............... 12,470
Canada................ 11,380
United Kingdom.....11,270
Australia............. 11,190
Israel................ 8,640
South Korea........... 4,590
Saudi Arabia.......... 3,020

23.
Human Development Index - HDI
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative
measure of life expectancy, literacy, education, and standard of
living for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of
measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used to
determine and indicate whether a country is a developed,
developing, or underdeveloped country and also to measure
the impact of economic policies on quality of life.
Low
High Medium Low

24.
Job/business info
• http://asiafacts.kingston.net/
ESL needed
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia%27s_
Four_Little_Dragons
http://findarticles.com/p/search?tb=art
&qf=go2252&so=date_desc&tc=bus&q
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Business opportunities