THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
CS
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
seamless
music
experience
seamless
music
experience
CCHHAANNNNEELLSS
how a company communicates with and reach its customer
segments to deliver a value proposition
1 1
2 2
3 3
CChhaannnneell TTyyppeess
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Sales Force
Web Sales
---------------------------
Own Stores
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Partner
Stores
Wholesaler
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Own
Direct
Partner
Indirect
CChhaannnneell PPhhaasseess
11.. AAwwaarreenneessss
How do we raise aware-ness
about our company’s
products and services?
CChhaannnneell TTyyppeess
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Sales Force
Web Sales
---------------------------
Own Stores
------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
Partner
Stores
Wholesaler
---------------------------
Own
Direct
Partner
Indirect
CChhaannnneell PPhhaasseess
22.. EEvvaalluuaattiioonn
How do we help customers
evaluate our organization’s
Value Proposition?
CChhaannnneell TTyyppeess
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Sales Force
Web Sales
---------------------------
Own Stores
------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
Partner
Stores
Wholesaler
---------------------------
Own
Direct
Partner
Indirect
CChhaannnneell PPhhaasseess
33.. PPuurrcchhaassee
How do we allow custom-ers
to purchase specific
products and services?
CChhaannnneell TTyyppeess
------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales Force
Web Sales
---------------------------
Own Stores
------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
Partner
Stores
Wholesaler
---------------------------
Own
Direct
Partner
Indirect
CChhaannnneell PPhhaasseess
44.. DDeelliivveerryy
How do we deliver a Value
Proposition to customers?
CChhaannnneell TTyyppeess
------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales Force
Web Sales
---------------------------
Own Stores
------------------------------------------------
---------------------------
Partner
Stores
Wholesaler
---------------------------
Own
Direct
Partner
Indirect
CChhaannnneell PPhhaasseess
55.. AAfftteerr ssaalleess
How do we provide post-purchase
customer support?
TTRRIICCKK
To find the right balance between the
different types of channels to integrate
them in a way to create a great customer
experience, and to maximize revenue
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
VP CR CS
CH
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
AApppplele c coomm
retail stores retail stores
Apple stores Apple stores
seamless
music
experience
seamless
music
experience
CCRR -- CCUUSSTTOOMMEERR
RREELLAATTIIOONNSSHHIIPPSS
Types of relationships a company establishes with
specific customer segments
Range from Personal to Automated
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS 44
TTYYPPEESS OOFF CCRR
PPeerrssoonnaall aassssiissttaannccee (human interaction)
DDeeddiiccaatteedd ppeerrssoonnaall aassssiissttaannccee (customer
representative)
SSeellff--sseerrvviiccee (no direct relationship with customer)
AAuuttoommaatteedd (self-service with automated processes)
CCoommmmuunniittiieess (connections between community
members)
CCoo--ccrreeaattiioonn (beyond the traditional customer-vendor
relationship to co-create values with customers)
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS 44
Building Strong with Customer Segments, Value
Propositions and Channels
4 4
22 11
3 3
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS 44
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
VP CR CS
CH
AApppplele c coomm
switching
costs
i Tunes store i Tunes store
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
lovemark
switching
costs
retail stores retail stores
Apple stores Apple stores
seamless
music
experience
seamless
music
experience
RREEVVEENNUUEE SSTTRREEAAMMSS
1. Transaction revenues resulting from one-time
customer payments
2. Recurring revenues resulting from ongoing
payments to either deliver a Value Proposition to
customers or provide post-purchase customer
support
REVENUE STREAMS 55
There are several ways to generate Revenue Streams:
Asset sale
Usage fee
Subscription fees
Lending/Renting/Leasing
Licensing
Brokerage fees
Advertising 5555
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
VP CR CS
CH
seamless
music
experience
R$
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
Some music
revenues
Some music
revenues
switching
costs
i Tunes store i Tunes store
large
hardware
revenues
large
hardware
revenues
AApppplele c coomm
lovemark
switching
costs
retail stores retail stores
Apple stores Apple stores
seamless
music
experience
KKEEYY RREESSOOUURRCCEESS
1 1
4 4
2 2 3 3
5 5
6 6
The Key Resources Building Block describes the most important
assets required to make a business model work
Key Resources can be categorized as follows:
KEY RESOURCES 66
1
Physical
2
Intellectual
3
Human
4
Financial
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
VP CR CS
Apple brand Apple brand
seamless
music
experience
KR CH
R$
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
Some music
revenues
Some music
revenues
switching
costs
i Tunes store i Tunes store
large
hardware
revenues
large
hardware
revenues
AApppplele c coomm
lovemark
switching
costs
retail stores retail stores
Apple stores Apple stores
i Pod
hardware
i Pod
hardware
i Tunes
software
i Tunes
software
People People
seamless
music
experience
KKEEYY AACCTTIIVVIITTIIEESS
1 1
4 4
2 2 3 3
5 5
6 6
7 7
The Key Activities Building Block describes the most important things
a company must do to make its business model work
Key Activities can be categorized as follows:
KEY ACTIVITIES 77
1
Production
2
Problem
Solving
3
Platform/
Network
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
KA VP CR CS
hardware
design
Apple brand Apple brand
marketing
seamless
music
experience
KR CH
R$
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
Some music
revenues
Some music
revenues
switching
costs
i Tunes store i Tunes store
large
hardware
revenues
large
hardware
revenues
AApppplele c coomm
lovemark
switching
costs
retail stores retail stores
Apple stores Apple stores
i Pod
hardware
i Pod
hardware
i Tunes
software
i Tunes
software
People People
Content &
agreements
Content &
agreements
design
seamless
music
experience
KKEEYY PPAARRTTNNEERRSSHHIIPPSS
4 4
22 11 3 3
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
The Key Partnerships Building Block describes the network of
suppliers and partners that make the business model work
We can distinguish between four different types of
partnerships:
1.Strategic alliances between non-competitors
2.Coopetition: strategic partnerships between
competitors
3.Joint ventures to develop new businesses
4.Buyer-supplier relationships to assure
reliable supplies
KEY PARTNERSHIPS 88
3 motivations for creating partnerships
1. Optimization and economy of scale
2. Reduction of risk and uncertainty
3. Acquisition of particular resources
and activities
KEY PARTNERSHIPS 88
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
KP KA VP CR CS
hardware
design
Apple brand Apple brand
marketing
seamless
music
experience
KR CH
R$
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
Some music
revenues
Some music
revenues
switching
costs
i Tunes store i Tunes store
large
hardware
revenues
large
hardware
revenues
AApppplele c coomm
lovemark
switching
costs
retail stores retail stores
Apple stores Apple stores
record
companies
record
companies
OEMs OEMs
i Pod
hardware
i Pod
hardware
i Tunes
software
i Tunes
software
People People
Content &
agreements
Content &
agreements
design
seamless
music
experience
CCOOSSTT SSTTRRUUCCTTUURREE
4 4
The Cost Structure describes all costs incurred to operate a business
model
1 1
2 2 3 3
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
Two broad classes of business model Cost Structures:
COST STRUCTURE 88
1. Cost-driven
2. Value-driven
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
KP
record
companies
record
companies
C$
KA VP CR CS
hardware
design
Apple brand Apple brand
marketing
seamless
music
experience
KR CH
R$
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
Some music
revenues
Some music
revenues
switching
costs
i Tunes store i Tunes store
large
hardware
revenues
large
hardware
revenues
AApppplele c coomm
lovemark
switching
costs
retail stores retail stores
Apple stores Apple stores
i Pod
hardware
i Pod
hardware
i Tunes
software
Content &
agreements
people people manufacturi
manufacturi
ng
ng
OEMs OEMs
marketing &
&
sales
sales
i Tunes
software
People People
Content &
agreements
design
seamless
music
experience
The nine business model Building
Blocks form the basis for a handy
tool, which we call the Business
Model Canvas.
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
Key
Partners
Cost
Structure
Key
Activities
Key
Resources
Value
Proposition
Customer
Relationships Customer
Segments
Channels
Revenue
Streams
THE BUSINESS MMOODDEELL CCAANNVVAASS
KP
record
companies
record
companies
C$
KA VP CR CS
hardware
design
Apple brand Apple brand
marketing
seamless
music
experience
KR CH
R$
mmaassss m maarrkkeett
Some music
revenues
Some music
revenues
switching
costs
i Tunes store i Tunes store
large
hardware
revenues
large
hardware
revenues
AApppplele c coomm
lovemark
switching
costs
retail stores retail stores
Apple stores Apple stores
i Pod
hardware
i Pod
hardware
i Tunes
software
Content &
agreements
people people manufacturi
manufacturi
ng
ng
OEMs OEMs
marketing &
&
sales
sales
i Tunes
software
People People
Content &
agreements
design
seamless
music
experience
John Hagel
and Marc Singer, who coined
the term “unbundled corporation,”
believe that companies are composed of three
very different types of businesses with different
economic, competitive, and cultural imperatives:
Customer Relationship businesses, product innovation
businesses, and infrastructure businesses. Similarly,
Treacy and Wiersema suggest that companies
should focus on one of three value disciplines:
operational excellence, product leadership,
or customer intimacy.
Hagel and Singer
describe the role of Customer
Relationship businesses as fi nding and
acquiring customers and building relationships
with them. Similarly, the role of product innovation
businesses is to develop new and attractive products and
services, while the role of infrastructure businesses is to build
and manage platforms for high volume, repetitive tasks. Hagel
and Singer argue that companies should separate these
businesses and focus on only one of the three internally.
Because each type of business is driven by diΩerent
factors, they can confl ict with each other or
produce undesirable trade-oΩs within the
same organization.
On the
following pages we
show how the idea of unbundling
applies to business models. In the fi rst
example, we describe the confl icts and
undesirable trade-oΩs created by a “bundled”
business model within the private banking
industry. In the second example we show
how mobile telecom operators are
unbundling and focusing on new
core businesses.
Early market entry enables
charging
premium prices and acquiring
large
market share; speed is key
High cost of customer acquisition
makes it imperative to gain large
wallet
share; economies of scope are key
High fixed costs make large volumes
essential to achieve low unit costs;
economies of scale are key
Battle for talent; low barriers to
entry;
many small players thrive
Battle for scope; rapid
consolidation;
a few big players dominate
Battle for scale; rapid consolidation;
a few big players dominate
Employee centered; coddling the
creative stars
Highly service oriented;
customercomes-first
mentality
Cost focused; stresses standardization,
predictability, and efficiency
TThhee PPrriivvaattee BBaannkkiinngg MMooddeell
Other Product
Providers
Advise
Product R & D
Marketing
Platform
Management
Brand/ Trust
Product IP
Transaction
Platform
Platform Management
HR: R & D
HR: Private Bankers
Custom-Tailored
Wealth Management
Services
Financial
Products
Transaction
Management
Intimate
Personal
Relationship
Key Account
Management
Personal
Networks
Sales Force
Transaction
Platform
Management & Advisory Fees
Product & Performance Fees
Transaction Fees
Wealthy
Individuals
& Families
Private Banks
Private Banks
Independent
Financial
Advisors
RReellaattiioonnsshhiipp BBuussiinneessss PPrroodduucctt IInnnnoovvaattiioonn BBuussiinneessss IInnffrraassttrruuccttuurree BBuussiinneessss
“Every industry that becomes
digital eventually becomes free.”
—— Chris Anderson
Editor-in-Chief, Wired Magazine
“The demand you get at a price of zero is many times higher
than the demand you get at a very low price.”
—— Kartik Hosanagar
Assistant Professor, Wharton
“We can no longer stand by and watch others walk off with
our work under misguided legal theories.”
—— Dean Singleton
Chairman, Associated Press
“Google’s not a real company. It’s a house of cards.”
—— Steve Ballmer
CEO, Microsoft
“Open Innovation is fundamentally
about operating in a world
of abundant knowledge, where
not all the smart people work
for you, so you better go find
them, connect to them, and
build upon what they can do.”
—— Henry Chesbrough
Executive Director, Center for Open Innovation
Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley
“Nestle clearly recognizes
that to achieve its growth
objective it must extend
its internal capabilities
to establish a large number
of strategic partnering
relationships. It has embraced
open innovation and works
aggressively with strategic
partners to co-create
significant new market and
product opportunities.”
—— Helmut Traitler
Head of Innovation Partnerships, Nestle
“Long known for a preference
to do everything in-house, we
began to seek out innovation
from any and all sources,
inside, outside the company.”
—— A.G. Lafl ey
Chairman & CEO, P&G