1. The
Poten)al
of
Mesoamerican
Coffee
Produc)on
Systems
to
Mi)gate
Climate
Change1
Online
Research
Presenta/on
(WEBINAR)
(From)
Cali,
Colombia
–
20
June
2011
1
Henk
van
Rikxoort,
Peter
Läderach,
Jos
van
Hal

2. AGENDA
} Background
} Methodology
} Results 1 – Difference between coffee systems
} Results 2 – Influence of voluntary standards
} Results 3 – Framework for effective mitigation
} Recommendations
2 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

3. BACKGROUND
Lack of knowledge:
} Carbon footprints in coffee production...
} Voluntary standards and climate change mitigation...
} Climate change mitigation practices...
Objective:
} To quantify the effects of different coffee production
systems and voluntary standards on climate change.
} To develop a framework for effective climate change
mitigation on coffee production level.
3 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

4. METHODOLOGY
Information
for better
decision
making
Cool Farm
Data collection Cropster C-sar
Tool
4 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

5. METHODOLOGY
} Moguel and Toledo (1999):
§ Traditional polyculture § Commercial polyculture
} Voluntary standards:
§ Organic
§ Rainforest Alliance /
UTZ Certified
§ Conventional
§ Shaded monoculture § Unshaded monoculture
5 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
COFFEE SYSTEMS
Carbon stocks in shade trees and coffee plants } Mean C-sequestration:
140
120 § Trad-poly:
91 t CO2-e/ha-1
100
§ Com-poly:
t CO2-e/ha-1
80
71,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
60 § Shad-mono:
36,6 t CO2-e/ha-1
40
§ Unshad-mono:
20
17,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
0
Trad-poly
Com-poly
Shad-mono
Unshad-mono
6 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
COFFEE SYSTEMS
Carbon stocks in coffee plants } Mean C-sequestration:
25
§ Trad-poly:
20
11,5 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Com-poly:
t CO2-e/ha-1
15
13,4 t CO2-e/ha-1
10
§ Shad-mono:
15,9 t CO2-e/ha-1
5 § Unshad-mono:
17,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
0
Trad-poly
Com-poly
Shad-mono
Unshad-mono
7 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

8. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
COFFEE SYSTEMS
Annual carbon sequestration in shade trees } Mean C-sequestration:
1.2
1
§ Trad-poly:
0,7 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
0.8
§ Com-poly:
t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
0,7 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
0.6
§ Shad-mono:
0.4 0,6 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
§ Unshad-mono:
0.2
0 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
0
Trad-poly
Com-poly
Shad-mono
Unshad-mono
8 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

9. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
COFFEE SYSTEMS
9 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

10. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
COFFEE SYSTEMS
10 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

11. INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY
STANDARDS
Carbon stocks in shade trees and coffee plants } Mean C-sequestration:
140
120 § Organic:
83,4 t CO2-e/ha-1
100
§ RA / UTZ:
t CO2-e/ha-1
80
85,2 t CO2-e/ha-1
60 § Conventional:
77,9 t CO2-e/ha-1
40
20
0
RA / UTZ
Conventional
Organic
11 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

12. INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY
STANDARDS
12 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

13. INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY
STANDARDS
13 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

14. FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE
MITIGATION
} In ´t Veld (2002):
Effectiveness = Content * Acceptance
} Adapted to:
MITx = PRCy * FSBz
Where:
MIT = mitigation, kg CO2-e
PRC = correct practices
FSB = implementation feasibility
14 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

15. FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE
MITIGATION
1. Increase on-farm carbon stocks
PRC (correct practices) focus: 2. Increase fertiliser use efficiency
3. Reduce wastewater generation
15 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

16. FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE
MITIGATION
Annual carbon sequestration
2.0
parchment coffee
kg CO2-e/kg-1
1.5
Banana shade
1.0
Tree shade
0.5
0.0
16 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

17. FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE
MITIGATION
GHG emissions from fertilisation
4
kg CO2-e/kg-1 parchment
3
coffee
2 High-input
Organic
1
0
Fertiliser production Fertiliser induced N2O
17 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

18. FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE
MITIGATION
GHG emissions from processing
12
parchment coffee
kg CO2-e/kg-1
9
6 Traditional wet process
3 Ecological dry process
0
Waste water Gas use Diesel use Electricity use
production
18 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

19. RECOMENDATIONS
} To CIAT
§ Start discussions with GMCR to implement the climate change
mitigation framework in their Mesoamerican coffee supply chains.
§ Start further investigations in low CH4 emitting coffee processing
methods and machinery. Pay due attention to coffee quality.
} To Sustainability standards
§ Address effective climate change mitigation practices in standards.
§ Ensure the feasibility of implementation for coffee farmers.
19 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change

20. CONTACT DETAILS
Henk van Rikxoort
Student – Development and Rural Innovation
Consultant – Agriculture and Climate Change
Wageningen University
The Netherlands
Mobile Colombia +573105325712
Mobile Europa +31618187108
E-mail henk.vanrikxoort@wur.nl
Fotos – Neil Palmer (CIAT)
20 The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change