Reading: The User Experience of Written Text（閱讀：文字的使用者經驗）

1. 閱讀：文字的使用者經驗台灣使用者經驗設計協會（ UiGathering ）三月份聚會專題演講這是刪節過的版本，與現場蔡志浩使用的投影片不完全相同。台灣使用者經驗設計協會理事長

2. 台灣使用者經驗設計協會2013-03-10 2

3. 2013-03-10 3

4. www.uigathering.org https://www.uigathering.org/2013-03-10 4

5. facebook.com/UiGathering https://www.facebook.com/UiGathering2013-03-10 5

6. 2013-03-10 6

7. 活動日期時間5 月活動 2013-05-18 （六） 13:00 ~ 17:007 月活動 2013-07-13 （六） 13:00 ~ 17:002013 台灣使用者經驗高峰會 2013-09 09:00 ~ 20:0011 月活動 2013-11-09 （六） 13:00 ~ 17:00會員大會暨會員專屬活動 2013-12 18:00 ~ 22:00 2013 年度活動展望2013-03-10 7

8. 1992 ：學士，高雄醫學大學心理學系 1994 ：碩士，中正大學心理學研究所 2001 ：博士，美國伊利諾大學教育心理學系 2001-2011 ：助理教授，高雄醫學大學心理學系 2012- ：使用者經驗顧問，悠識數位顧問有限公司 2012- ：理事長，台灣使用者經驗設計協會使用者經驗設計與研究認知心理學、教育心理學、閱讀心理學、語言學人因工程、人工智慧（中文自然語言處理） http://www.flickr.com/photos/uigathering/7273695938/2013-03-10 8

9. UiGathering 2009 年 6 月份聚會 http://www.flickr.com/photos/uigathering/4169866500/2013-03-10 9

10. 何謂閱讀2013-03-10 10

11. 1989/2011 Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 11

12. 從頁面抽取視覺訊息並理解文句意義的能力 Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 12

13. 1908 Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.2013-03-10 13

17. 1938 Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.2013-03-10 17

22. 1927 Shen, E.C. (1927), An analysis of eye movements in the reading of Chinese, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 158-183.2013-03-10 22

23. 1927 Shen, E.C. (1927), An analysis of eye movements in the reading of Chinese, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 158-183.2013-03-10 23

24. 1985 Sun, F., Morita, M, & Stark, L. W. (1985). Comparative patterns of reading eye movement in Chinese and English. Perception & Psychophysics, 37, 502-506.2013-03-10 24

25. 1977 Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L. & Wang, W. S.-Y. (1977). Speech recoding in reading Chinese characters, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Memory and Language 3, 621–630.2013-03-10 25

26. 語言與文字2013-03-10 26

27. 書寫系統與閱讀技能：人類歷史上最複雜的發明 http://www.flickr.com/photos/oansari/2851319591/ Wood Quranic Carvings By Omar A.2013-03-10 27

28. ? 溝通與記錄智慧型手機 6 年前閱讀與書寫的目的不會改變資訊革命 20 年前工業革命 200 年前印刷內容與媒介 500 年前紙 2,000 年前會隨著世界的變化而改變文字 5000 年前口語200,000 年前2013-03-10 28

29. 字型大小2013-03-10 29

30. 視角 = f ( 實際尺寸 , 閱讀距離 )2013-03-10 30

31. Optical diagram to define the visual angle, V degrees by Ojosepa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_angle2013-03-10 31

32. 印刷：正常閱讀距離每字約 0.75°2013-03-10 32

33. 媒介、照明與讀者特性影響閱讀距離2013-03-10 33

34. 訊息密度2013-03-10 34

35. 中文平均詞長 1.5 個字（中研院現代漢語平衡語料庫） http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2010/01/13/dianzishu_yueduqi/2013-03-10 35

36. 英文平均詞長 4.7 個字（ Brown Corpus ） http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2010/01/13/dianzishu_yueduqi/2013-03-10 36

37. < 抱怨 >2013-02-26 37

38. 台灣一直沒有開放的中文分詞標記語料庫2013-02-26 38

39. https://twitter.com/hao520/status/1676731509208678412013-02-26 39

40. </ 抱怨 >2013-02-26 40

41. 易識性相當的情況下中文詞比英文詞佔的空間小很多 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2010/01/13/dianzishu_yueduqi/2013-03-10 41

42. 同樣大小的頁面中文包含的訊息量比英文多 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2010/01/13/dianzishu_yueduqi/2013-03-10 42

43. 477 頁691 頁 Li, C. N. & Thompson, S. A. (1981). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.2013-03-10 43

44. http://twitter.com/hao520/status/48299435982013-03-10 44

45. http://twitter.com/hao520/status/48305028682013-03-10 45

46. 小尺寸裝置的中文優勢 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2010/01/13/dianzishu_yueduqi/2013-03-10 46

47. 2013-03-10 47

48. 眼動2013-03-10 48

49. 閱讀時的眼球運動並非連續的 Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 49

50. 閱讀時的眼球運動是由一系列的跳動與停頓組成 Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 50

51. 眼球的跳動稱為 saccades 大約需要 20 ms Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 51

52. 文字 Saccade 平均距離英文 7~9 個字母希伯來文 5.5 個字母日文 3.6 個字中文 2~3 個字2013-03-10 52

53. Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.2013-03-10 53

54. 眼球停頓時稱為凝視（ fixations ）持續大約 150-300 ms Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 54

55. 只有在凝視時人們才能夠獲得視覺訊息 Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 55

56. 影像從眼睛傳到大腦眼動停止約需 60 ms 凝視 120 ms 後文字特性才開始眼動開始影響凝視時間凝視結束前 30 ms 認知因素已無法影響凝視時間 McConkie, G. W., Underwood, N. R., Zola, D., & Wolverton, G. S. (1985). Some temporal characteristics of processing during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11, 168-186.2013-03-10 56

57. 知覺廣度2013-03-10 57

58. Solso, R. L. (2001). Cognitive psychology (6th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.2013-03-10 58

59. Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 59

60. Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 60

61. 英文：左 4 ，右 14 McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1976). Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 8, 365-368.2013-03-10 61

62. Tsai, C.-H., & McConkie, G. W. (1995, September). The perceptual span in reading Chinese text: A moving window study. Poster session presented at the Eighth European Conference on Eye Movements, Derby, UK.2013-03-10 62

63. 中文：左 1 ，右 1~2 Inhoff, A. W. & Liu, W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 20-34. Tsai & McConkie (1995, September)2013-03-10 63

64. http://technology.chtsai.org/pseudotext/2013-03-10 64

65. 2013-03-10 65

66. 知覺組織2013-03-10 66

67. 2013-03-10 67

68. 認詞2013-03-10 68

69. 認詞是平行（而非逐字／字母）的2013-03-10 69

70. McClelland, J. L. & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of Basic Findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.2013-03-10 70

71. 詞優效應（ Word Superiority Effect ） Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 71

72. 在台中轉在台中轉 http://udn.com/NEWS/FINANCE/FIN1/7729315.shtml#ixzz2MKKfa6Cy2013-03-10 72

73. 在花蓮買地主要是考慮當地的環境原住民地主要收回原本的土地 Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.2013-03-10 73

74. 那家公司的人口才一流台灣的人口才兩千三百萬 Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.2013-03-10 74

75. 台灣話講台台灣講台灣話 Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.2013-03-10 75

76. 新手手術新手術 Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.2013-03-10 76

77. 1. Determine the size of input window. Probability of identifying this character = 1 - 0.0275 * number of strokes 計算這次凝視 ? 可看見多少字 1. Partial words are also matched. 2. Identify words. 2. Apply GMM+AWF on all possible tokenizations. 認詞／斷詞 3. Compute fixation duration and determine the location of the next input window. (a) 1. Compute fixation duration. 計算凝視時間 2. Unique identification? Skip word. (+ word 與下個凝視點 length) 3. Firm boundary? No overlap. (+ current window size) 4. Otherwise, left-justify the last word in next (b) window. (+ 2) copy copy 1. Compute fixation duration. 2. No unique identification or firm boundary? Store the content in a temporary buffer. (+ current window size) Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.2013-03-10 77

78. Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.2013-03-10 78

79. 小尺寸裝置的中文劣勢2013-03-10 79

80. 2013-03-10 80

81. 建議：內建基本斷詞功能2013-03-10 81

82. http://technology.chtsai.org/mmseg/2013-03-10 82

83. http://technology.chtsai.org/mmseg/2013-03-10 83

84. 理解2013-03-10 84

85. 理解 = f( 輸入 , 激發的經驗 )Understanding Input Activated Experience2013-03-10 85

86. 詞2013-03-10 86

87. 市長發動百萬市民參加公投遊行市長發動百萬名車準備下班回家2013-03-10 87

88. http://movie.cca.gov.tw/Column/Content.asp?ID=95 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2006/11/19/ruhe_xie_qianxian-yidong_de_wenzhang/2013-03-10 88

89. 「文言文吃進去，可以吐出很好的白話文，就像桑葉變成蠶絲。」（余光中） http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2006/11/19/ruhe_xie_qianxian-yidong_de_wenzhang/2013-03-10 89

90. http://technology.chtsai.org/namefreq/2013-03-10 90

91. http://technology.chtsai.org/namefreq/2013-03-10 91

92. 句子2013-03-10 92

93. 句子的意義可以被表徵為一系列的命題2013-03-10 93

94. 穿 ( 小李 , 衣服 ) 藍色 ( 衣服 ) 命題（ Propositions ）2013-03-10 94

95. 將有共同概念的命題連成網路就是句子的意義表徵2013-03-10 95

96. 閱讀時工作記憶的容量大約是 4 個命題 Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 96

97. 命題愈多，工作記憶負荷愈大理解程度愈差 Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 97

98. 圖形 - 句子驗證作業 Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 98

99. http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2009/01/09/yuyan_lijie_yu_renji_hudong/2013-03-10 99

100. 儘量直接表達不使用贅字贅詞 Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 100

101. 使用熟悉的詞彙 Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 101

102. 明確陳述所有必要資訊不要讓讀者自行推論 Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.2013-03-10 102

103. 段落2013-03-10 103

104. Bransford 與 Johnson (1972) Bransford, J.D., & Johnson, M.K. (1972). Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of comprehension and recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 717-726.2013-03-10 104

105. Bergman 與 Roediger (1999) Bergman, E., & Roediger, H. L. (1999). Can Bartletts repeated reproduction experiments be replicated? Memory & Cognition, 27, 937-947.2013-03-10 105

106. 應在訊息呈現前就提供脈絡2013-03-10 106

107. 簡體與繁體2013-03-10 107

108. 漢字簡化與拉丁化2013-03-10 108

109. 中國最初推行文字改革的終極目標是廢漢字 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 109

110. 理由一：漢字太難學導致中國識字率低 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 110

111. 理由二：漢字不科學阻礙中國進步 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 111

112. 「漢字簡化方案」在 1956 年正式推行 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 112

113. 在許多激進的文字改革者心中只是過渡產物 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 113

114. 實際上連簡化字都有被接受的困難 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 114

115. 5,000 個繁體字及簡體版本筆劃數差異以使用頻率加權後平均 10 9.04 9 8 7.27 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 繁體簡體 Tsai, C.-H. (1996). The writing systems of China and Taiwan: A comparison of character complexity. Unpublished manuscript.2013-03-10 115

116. 當年的論點都沒有證據 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 116

117. 識字率的關鍵在普及教育而非簡化漢字 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 117

118. 技術的進步讓漢字也一樣能够資訊化 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 118

119. 學到的教訓2013-03-10 119

120. 政策的推行要有實徵研究作基礎 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 120

121. 不能只憑决策者的直覺就一意孤行 http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2005/11/12/fanti_yu_zhengti/2013-03-10 121

122. 結語2013-03-10 122

123. ? 溝通與記錄智慧型手機 6 年前閱讀與書寫的目的不會改變資訊革命 20 年前工業革命 200 年前印刷內容與媒介 500 年前紙 2,000 年前會隨著世界的變化而改變文字 5000 年前口語200,000 年前2013-03-10 123

124. taiwan.chtsai.org http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2013-03-10 124

125. hao520 https://twitter.com/hao520/2013-03-10 125

126. chtsai https://www.facebook.com/chtsai2013-03-10 126

127. taiwan.chtsai.org http://taiwan.chtsai.org/2013-03-10 127

Reading: The User Experience of Written Text（閱讀：文字的使用者經驗）

志浩 蔡

Reading: The User Experience of Written Text（閱讀：文字的使用者經驗）

志浩蔡