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Reading: The User Experience of Written Text(閱讀:文字的使用者經驗)
The writing system is the most important invention in human history. The processes of reading, therefore, can be viewed as the user experience of written text. In this talk, I briefly introduce the processes of reading within the context of user experience design.
The writing system is the most important invention in human history. The processes of reading, therefore, can be viewed as the user experience of written text. In this talk, I briefly introduce the processes of reading within the context of user experience design.
11.
1989/2011
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 11
12.
從頁面抽取視覺訊息
並理解文句意義的能力
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 12
13.
1908
Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.
2013-03-10 13
14.
1908
Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.
2013-03-10 14
15.
1908
Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.
2013-03-10 15
16.
1908
Huey, E. B. (1908). The Psychology and pedagogy of reading. MacMillan, New York.
2013-03-10 16
17.
1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
2013-03-10 17
18.
1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
2013-03-10 18
19.
1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
2013-03-10 19
20.
1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
2013-03-10 20
21.
1938
Woodworth, R. S. (1938). Experimental psychology. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
2013-03-10 21
22.
1927
Shen, E.C. (1927), An analysis of eye movements in the reading of Chinese, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20,
158-183.
2013-03-10 22
23.
1927
Shen, E.C. (1927), An analysis of eye movements in the reading of Chinese, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20,
158-183.
2013-03-10 23
24.
1985
Sun, F., Morita, M, & Stark, L. W. (1985). Comparative patterns of reading eye movement in Chinese and English.
Perception & Psychophysics, 37, 502-506.
2013-03-10 24
25.
1977
Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L. & Wang, W. S.-Y. (1977). Speech recoding in reading Chinese characters, Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Human Memory and Language 3, 621–630.
2013-03-10 25
43.
477 頁
691 頁
Li, C. N. & Thompson, S. A. (1981). Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
2013-03-10 43
53.
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
2013-03-10 53
54.
眼球停頓時稱為凝視( fixations )
持續大約 150-300 ms
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 54
55.
只有在凝視時
人們才能夠獲得視覺訊息
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 55
56.
影像從眼睛傳到大腦
眼動停止
約需 60 ms
凝視 120 ms 後
文字特性才開始 眼動開始
影響凝視時間
凝視結束前 30 ms
認知因素已無法
影響凝視時間
McConkie, G. W., Underwood, N. R., Zola, D., & Wolverton, G. S. (1985). Some temporal characteristics of processing
during reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11, 168-186.
2013-03-10 56
58.
Solso, R. L. (2001). Cognitive psychology (6th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
2013-03-10 58
59.
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 59
60.
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 60
61.
英文:
左 4 ,右 14
McConkie, G. W., & Rayner, K. (1976). Asymmetry of the perceptual span in reading. Bulletin of the Psychonomic
Society, 8, 365-368.
2013-03-10 61
62.
Tsai, C.-H., & McConkie, G. W. (1995, September). The perceptual span in reading Chinese text: A moving window
study. Poster session presented at the Eighth European Conference on Eye Movements, Derby, UK.
2013-03-10 62
63.
中文:
左 1 ,右 1~2
Inhoff, A. W. & Liu, W. (1998). The perceptual span and oculomotor activity during the reading of Chinese sentence.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, 20-34.
Tsai & McConkie (1995, September)
2013-03-10 63
70.
McClelland, J. L. & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1.
An account of Basic Findings. Psychological Review, 88, 375-407.
2013-03-10 70
71.
詞優效應( Word Superiority Effect )
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989). The psychology of reading. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 71
73.
在 花蓮 買 地主要 是 考慮 當地 的 環境
原住民 地主要 收回 原本 的 土地
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
2013-03-10 73
74.
那 家 公司 的 人口才 一流
台灣 的 人口才 兩千三百萬
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
2013-03-10 74
75.
台灣話
講台 台灣
講 台 灣 話
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
2013-03-10 75
76.
新手 手術
新 手 術
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
2013-03-10 76
77.
1. Determine the size of input window. Probability of identifying this character = 1 -
0.0275 * number of strokes
計算這次凝視 ?
可看見多少字
1. Partial words are also matched.
2. Identify words. 2. Apply GMM+AWF on all possible
tokenizations.
認詞/斷詞
3. Compute fixation duration and determine the location of the next input window.
(a) 1. Compute fixation duration.
計算凝視時間
2. Unique identification? Skip word. (+ word
與下個凝視點 length)
3. Firm boundary? No overlap. (+ current
window size)
4. Otherwise, left-justify the last word in next
(b) window. (+ 2)
copy copy 1. Compute fixation duration.
2. No unique identification or firm boundary?
Store the content in a temporary buffer. (+
current window size)
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
2013-03-10 77
78.
Tsai, C.-H. (2001). Word identification and eye movements in reading Chinese: A modeling approach. Dissertation
Abstracts International, 62 (08), 3825B.
2013-03-10 78
96.
閱讀時工作記憶的容量
大約是 4 個命題
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 96
97.
命題愈多,工作記憶負荷愈大
理解程度愈差
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 97
98.
圖形 - 句子驗證作業
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 98
100.
儘量直接表達
不使用贅字贅詞
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 100
101.
使用熟悉的詞彙
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 101
102.
明確陳述所有必要資訊
不要讓讀者自行推論
Wickens, C. D., Hollands, J. G. (1999). Engineering psychology and human performance (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
2013-03-10 102
104.
Bransford 與 Johnson (1972)
Bransford, J.D., & Johnson, M.K. (1972). Contextual prerequisites for understanding: Some investigations of
comprehension and recall. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 717-726.
2013-03-10 104
105.
Bergman 與 Roediger (1999)
Bergman, E., & Roediger, H. L. (1999). Can Bartlett's repeated reproduction experiments be replicated? Memory &
Cognition, 27, 937-947.
2013-03-10 105
115.
5,000 個繁體字及簡體版本筆劃數差異
以使用頻率加權後平均
10
9.04
9
8 7.27
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
繁體 簡體
Tsai, C.-H. (1996). The writing systems of China and Taiwan: A comparison of character complexity. Unpublished
manuscript.
2013-03-10 115