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Radiation Therapy<br /><ul><li>IbraheemTawhari, Hamza AlGhamdi&Salem Al-Faifi.</li></ul>Prepared by:<br />

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Hamza AlGhamdi.<br />Part I<br />Presented by:<br />Outlines:<br />

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What is Radiotherapy?<br />It is a high speed ionizing radiation.<br />Works by damaging the DNA within cancer cells and destroying their ability to reproduce.<br />When the damaged cancer cells are destroyed by radiation, the body naturally eliminates them.<br />

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What is Radiotherapy?<br />Double-stranded breaks of nuclear DNA seems to be the most important cellular effect of radiation<br />

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What about Normal Cells?<br />Normal cells can be affected by radiation, but they are able to repair themselves.<br />

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Radiotherapy:<br />Sometimes radiation therapy is the only treatment a patient needs.<br />Other times, it is combined with other treatments, like surgery and chemotherapy.<br />

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How is Radiotherapy Used?<br />

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Different Uses of Radiotherapy:<br />To cure cancer:<br />Destroy tumors that have not spread to other body parts.<br />Reduce the risk that cancer will return after surgery or chemotherapy.<br />To reduce symptoms:<br />Shrink tumors affecting quality of life, like a tumor that is causing shortness of breath.<br />Alleviate pain by reducing the size of a tumor.<br />

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Types of Radiation Therapy:<br />

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Types of Radiation Therapy:<br />

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Types of Radiotherapy:<br />External:<br />Delivers radiation using a linear accelerator.<br />To reduce symptoms:<br />Also, is called brachytherapy or seed implants.<br />involves placing radioactive sources inside the patient.<br />

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External Radiotherapy:<br />

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External Radiotherapy:Specialized Types:<br />Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT)<br />Uses CT or MRI scans to create a 3-D picture of the tumor.<br />So, beams are precisely directed to avoid radiating normal tissue.<br />

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External Radiotherapy:Specialized Types:<br />Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)<br />A specialized form of 3D-CRT.<br />Involves the use of varying intensities of hundreds of small radiation beams “bamelets” to produce dosage distributions that are more precise than 3D-CRT.<br />

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Internal Radiotherapy “Brachytherapy”:<br />

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Internal Radiotherapy:<br /><ul><li>Also called brachytherapy –

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brachy Greek for “short distance.”

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Places radioactive material into tumor or surrounding tissue.

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Allows minimal radiation exposure to normal tissue.</li></li></ul><li>Radioactive Sources:<br /><ul><li>Radioactive sources used are thin wires, ribbons, capsules or seeds.

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These can be either permanently or temporarily placed in the body.</li></li></ul><li>Which Type is Preferred?<br />The type of treatment used will depend on the location, size and type of cancer.<br />

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Which Type is Preferred?<br /><ul><li>Conformal radiotherapy is most useful for tumours that are close to important organs and structures in the body since it helps to avoid radiation damage to adjacent tissues tissues.

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E.g.,:

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Head & Neck Tumors.

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Esophageal Cancer.

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Pancreatic cancer,... etc.</li></li></ul><li>Which Type is Preferred?<br /><ul><li>Intensity modulated radiotherapy IMRT: focuses a higher radiation dose on the tumour but gives a much smaller dose to surrounding normal tissues So, side effects may be lower.

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E.g.,:

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Head & Neck Tumors.

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Esophageal Cancer.

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Thyroid Cancer.

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Pancreatic cancer,... etc.</li></li></ul><li>Salem Al-Faifi.<br />Part II<br />Presented by:<br />Outlines:<br />

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Radioactive Isotops:<br />

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Radioactive Isotopes:<br />Involves injecting radioactive isotopes either into a vein or into an organ.<br />E.g.,:<br />Radioactive Iodine I131 : (thyroid Cancer).<br />Hormone-bound lutetium-177: (Neurendocrine Tumor)<br />Strontium-89 (Metastron),…etc.<br />

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Uses of Radiotherapy:<br />

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Uses of Radiotherapy:<br />Curative<br />Adjavent<br />Radiotherapy<br />Pilliative<br />Neo-adjavent<br />

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Uses of Radiotherapy:<br />Used in treatment of tumor either as:<br />Curative:<br />To resect the tumor.<br />Adjuvant,<br />After resection to prevent the recurrence.<br />Neoadjuvant, or<br />Before surgery to reduce the size of tumor.<br />Palliative.<br />To decrease the severity of tumor and to delay the progression.<br />

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Uses of Radiotherapy:<br />The pattern of treatment depends on:<br />Tumor type, <br />Location, <br />Stage, <br />The general health of the patient<br />

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Does radiotherapy have applications other than management of tumors???<br />

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Uses of Radiotherapy:<br />Yes..<br />Radiotherapy has several applications in non-malignant conditions, such as:<br /><ul><li>Treatment of rigeminal neuralgia,

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Treatment of pigmented villonodularsynovitis.

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Prevention of keloid scar growth.

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Prevention of hypertrophic ossificants.,….</li></li></ul><li>Side Effects of Radiotherapy:<br />

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Side Effects:<br />

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Acute Side Effects:<br />Damage to the epithelium surfaces:<br />Skin & Mucus Membrane.<br />In head & neck:<br />Temporary soreness and ulceration commonly occur in the mouth and throat.<br />Unlike chemotherapy, radiation usually doesn’t cause hair loss or nausea.<br />

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Late Side Effects:<br />occur months to years after treatment.<br />E.g,:<br />Fibrosis.<br />Dryness:<br />The salivary glands and tear glands have a radiation tolerance .<br />The tolerance of salivary & tear glands is exceeded by most radical head and neck cancer treatments.<br />

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Is radiation therapy safe???<br />

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Is Radiation Therapy Safe?<br />Many advances have been made in the field to ensure it remains safe and effective. <br />Multiple healthcare professionals develop and review the treatment plan to ensure that the target area is receiving the dose of radiation needed. <br />

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Thanks so Much…<br />THAT’S IT….<br />