1.
UNIT III
XML TECHNOLOGIES

2.
XPath
• expressions that can be used to find specific pieces of information
within an XML document.
• Used by XPointer and XSLT.
• It locate nodes based on the nodes’ type, name, or value or by the
relationship of the nodes to other nodes within the XML document.
• It returns:
• A node set
• A Boolean value
• A string value
• A numeric value

3.
Operators and Special Characters
• /
• //
• .
• *
• @
• :
• ()
• [expression]
• [n]
• +,-,div,*,mod

4.
Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<bookstore>
<book>
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
<book>
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
<price>39.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore>

5.
XPath syntax
• axis::node test[predicate]
• Axis:
Ancestor
Ancestor-or-self
Attribute
Child
Descendant
Descendant-or-self
Following
Following-sibling
Namespace
Parent
Preceding
Preceding-sibling
self

6.
Example
<book>
<title>Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>

7.
Node test
• indicates the type of node desired for the results.
• list of these node tests:
• comment()
• node()
• processing-instruction()
• text()

8.
Predicate
• filters a node set on the specified axis to create a new node set.
• Forward / reverse axis predicate.

9.
Xpath function
• Boolean
Boolean(object)
False()
Lang(string)
Not(expression)
True()

10.
• Node set
Count(node-set)
Document(variant, [node-set])
Id(object)
Key(name,value)
Last()
Local-name([node-set])
name([node-set])
Namespace-uri([node-set])
Position()

11.
• Number
Ceiling(number)
Floor(number)
Number(variant)
round (number)
Sum(node-set)

12.
• String
Concat(String,string,[string*])
Contains(string,string)
Normalize-space()
Starts-with(string,string)
string(variant)
String-length(string)
Substring(string,start,length)
Substring-after(string,string)
Substring-before(char,replace)
Translate(string,chars,replace)

13.
XPointers
• describes a location within an external document.
• can target a point within that XML document or a range within the
target XML document.
• XPointer provides two more important node tests:
• point()
• range()

14.
• Functions that return location set: id(), root(), here(), origin().
• Points: node point & character points.
• Range functions: end-point(), range-inside(), range-to(), start-point().

15.
Example
<People>
<Person>
<Name>Dillon Larsen</Name>
<Address>
<Street>123 Jones Rd.</Street>
<City>Houston</City>
<State>TX</State>
<Zip>77380</Zip>
</Address>
</Person>……
----------/People/Person[1]/Name/text()/point()[position()=4]
----------/People/Person[1]/Name/text()/start-point()[position()=0]

16.
XLink
• allowing a link to another document to be specified on any element
within an XML document.
• creates a link to another resource through the use of attributes
specified on elements, not through the actual elements themselves.

17.
Xlink attributes
1. Xlink:type
2. Xlink:href
3. Xlink:role
4. Xlink:arcrole
5. Xlink:title
6. Xlink:show
7. Xlink:actuate
8. Xlink:label
9. Xlink:from
10. Xlink:to

18.
• Xlink:type ---- simple, extended, locator, arc, resource, title, none.
• Xlink:role ---- extended, simple, locator, resource.
• Xlink:arcrole ---- arc, simple
• Xlink:show ---- new, replace, embed, other, none.
• Xlink:actuate ---- onLoad, onRequest, other, none.

19.
Types of link
• Simple links:
• consists of an xlink:type attribute with a value of simple and, optionally, an
xlink:href attribute with a specified value.
• acts as a resourceXLink type for the local document.
• They link exactly two resources together: one local and one remote.
• Extended links:
• to specify relationships between an unlimited number of resources, both local
and remote.

20.
XSL Technologies
• XSL has two languages:
• XSLT
• XSL-FO

21.
XSLT for document Publishing
• Use XSL to convert XML into HTML,PDF,…
• For WAP, convert XML to WML

22.
Book.xml
<?xml version=”1.0”?>
<?xml-stylesheet type=”text/xsl” href=”book_view.xsl”?>
<book>
<author>Michael Daconta et al</author>
<title>XML Development with Java 2</title>
<category>Java</category>
<price currency=”USD”>44.99</price>
<summary>
XML Development with Java 2 provides the information
and techniques a Java developer will need to integrate
XML into Java-based applications.
</summary>
</book>

23.
Book_view.xsl
<?xml version=”1.0”?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl=”http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform” version=”1.0”>
<xsl:template match=”/book”>
<html><body>
<b>Title: </b> <xsl:value-of select=”title” /><p/>
<b>By: </b> <xsl:value-of select=”author” /><p/>
<b>Cost: </b> <xsl:value-of select=”price” /><p/>
<b>Category: </b> <xsl:value-of select=”category” /><p/>
<b>Description</b><p/>
<i><xsl:value-of select=”summary” /></i>
</body></html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

24.
Output

25.
XSLT processor

26.
XSLT processing
• Two techniques: client-side XSLT & server-side XSLT processing.
• Client-side: two files
• Server-side technologies: CGI, coldfusion, PHP,ASP,JSP,…

27.
ASP: Server-Side XSLT Processing
• The required components:
• Microsoft IIS Web Server 5.0
• Microsoft XML Parser 3.0.
• Two options for publishing the source code on the IIS server:
• Copy the files in <install_dir>ch9_xslpublic_html to c:Inetpubwwwroot.
• Set up a virtual directory that points to <install_dir>ch9_xslpublic_html

28.
<install_dir>ch9_xslpublic_htmlbook_test.
asp
<%@ Language=VBScript %>
<%
set xml = Server.CreateObject(“Microsoft.XMLDOM”)
xml.load(Server.MapPath(“book.xml”))
set xsl = Server.CreateObject(“Microsoft.XMLDOM”)
xsl.load(Server.MapPath(“book_view.xsl”))
Response.Write(xml.transformNode(xsl))
%>

29.
JSP: Server-Side XSLT Processing
• The required components:
• Sun Microsystems’ Software Development Kit (SDK) 1.3 (or higher)
• Apache Tomcat Server 4.
• <install_dir>ch9_xslpublic_htmlbook_test.jsp:
<%@ taglib uri=”http://jakarta.apache.org/taglibs/xsl-1.0”
prefix=”jakarta” %>
<jakarta:apply xml=”book.xml” xsl=”book_view.xsl” />

30.
Advanced Features of XSLT
• Looping
• Sorting
• Sorting: ascending/descending
• Sorting by case
• Sorting with multiple keys
• Conditionals
• Filters

31.
Looping
• Syntax:
<xsl:for-each select=node-set-expression>
<!-- content -->
</xsl:for-each>

32.
Example

33.
Sorting
• Syntax:
<xsl:sort
select = string-expression
order = { “ascending” | “descending” }
data-type = { “text” | “number” }
case-order = {“upper-first” | “lower-first” }
lang = { nmtoken } />

34.
Ascending/descending
<!-- Sort by the book title, descending -->
<xsl:for-each select=”booklist/book”>
<xsl:sort select=”title” order=”descending”/>
<!-- insert table rows and table data -->
</xsl:for-each>

35.
Sorting with multiple key

36.
Conditionals
• Syntax:
<xsl:if test=Boolean-expression>
<!-- content -->
</xsl:if>

37.
Filters

38.
XSL-FO
• to assist with the printing and displaying of XML data.
• Focus on the document layout and structure.
• Version of CSS.

39.
Document structure

40.
XSL-FO document
components:
•Page master
•Page master set
•Page sequences

41.
Page Master: <fo:page-master>
• describes the page size and layout.
• <fo:simple-page-master>element defines the layout of a page.
Eg:
<fo:simple-page-master master-name=”simple”
page-height=”11in”
page-width=”8.5in”
margin-top=”1in”
margin-bottom=”1in”
margin-left=”1.25in”
margin-right=”1.25in”>
</fo:simple-page-master>

42.
Components of page master

43.
Five regions of a page
<fo:region-before>
<fo:region-after>
<fo:region-body>
<fo:region-start>
<fo:region-end>
Eg:
<fo:simple-page-master master-name=”simple”
page-height=”11in”
page-width=”8.5in”>
<fo:region-body margin-top=”0.5in”/>
<fo:region-before extent=”0.5in”/>
<fo:region-after extent=”0.5in”/>
</fo:simple-page-master>

44.
Page Master Set: <fo:page-master-set>
<fo:layout-master-set>
<fo:simple-page-master master-name=”simple”
page-height=”11in”
page-width=”8.5in”
margin-top=”1in”
margin-bottom=”1in”
margin-left=”1.25in”
margin-right=”1.25in”>
<fo:region-body margin-top=”0.5in”/>
<fo:region-before extent=”3cm”/>
<fo:region-after extent=”1.5cm”/>
</fo:simple-page-master>
</fo:layout-master-set>

45.
Page Sequences: <fo:page-sequence>
• Contains Two elements:
• <fo:static-content>,
• <fo:flow>: 2 <fo:block>elements

46.
Generating a PDF Document
Steps to generate a PDF document from simple.fo:
1. Open an MS-DOS window.
2. Move to the directory <install_dir>ch9_xslxsl_fo.
3. Set up the Java classpath by typing setpaths.
4. Execute Apache-FOP by typing fop simple.fo simple.pdf. The Apache-
FOP formatter now reads the input file simple.foand generates the
output file simple.pdf.
5. View the simple.pdffile in Adobe Acrobat Reader.

47.
Page Headers and Footers
• <fo:static-content>

48.
Graphics
• insertion of external graphic images.
• Eg:
<fo:block text-align=”center”>
<fo:external-graphic src=”smiley.jpg” width=”200px” height=”200px”/>
</fo:block>

49.
Tables

50.
Structure for the table