The document discusses operating systems and file management. It describes how operating systems coordinate hardware activities and provide a user interface. It also discusses different types of operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and DOS. The document outlines operating system functions such as multitasking, networking, and memory management. It also covers file basics, formats, storage, and management.

1. Chapter 4
Operating Systems
and File Management

2. 4
System and Application Software
– System software
• Coordinates hardware activities
• Operating Systems and Utilities
– Application software
• Consists of programs written to
– Solve problems
– Help people and organizations achieve their
goals
2

3. 4 System Software
Programs that Two types are
maintain operation operating systems
of computer and utility programs
Operating system (OS)
(sometimes called the platform)
coordinates all activities
among computer
hardware
resources
3

4. 4 Operating Systems
Runs or controls the computer hardware
Acts as an interface with application
programs and users
4

5. 4 Operating Systems
start the computer provide a user interface manage programs
administer
security
manage
memory
control a
network
establish an schedule jobs and
monitor Internet connection configure devices
performance
provide file
management and
other utilities
5

6. 4 Operating System Activities
Multitasking provides process and memory
management services that allow two or more
tasks, jobs, or programs to run simultaneously
An operating system’s multiprocessing capability
supports a division of labor among all the
processing units
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

7. 4 Operating System Activities
Operating System Categories
– Single-user operating system
– Multiuser operating system
– Server operating system
– Desktop operating system
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

8. 4 User Interfaces
The combination of hardware and software
that helps people and computers
communicate with each other
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

9. 4 The Boot Process
During the boot process, the
operating system kernel is loaded
into RAM
– The kernel provides essential
operating system services
Your computer’s start-up process
is built into special ROM circuitry
housed in the computer’s system
unit (ROM-BIOS)
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

10. B
SECTION
4
Today’s Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
UNIX and Linux
DOS
Handheld Operating Systems
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

11. 4 Windows Versions
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x 1990
Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001
Windows XP SP2 2004
Windows Vista 2007
11

12. 4  Editions
Vista – Starter
– Home Basic
– Home Premium
– Business
– Enterprise
– Ultimate
 Need 1 GB to 2 GB of memory
 Improved Security
 Aero Graphics
– Change saturation, color, and level
of transparency
12

13. 4 Mac OS X
Available only for

computers
manufactured by
Apple
Macintosh

operating
system has been
model for most
GUIs
13

14. 4 Mac OS
On a Macintosh
computer with Boot
Camp, you can boot
into Mac OS X or
into Windows.
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

15. 4 Linux
Popular, free,

multitasking UNIX-type
operating system
Open-source softwaree:

code is available to
public. FREE
Both a stand-alone

and a network
operating system
Created by Linus
 Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat
Enterprise Linux.
Torvalds
15

16. 4 UNIX
Used by power

users because of
its flexibility and
power
Most versions

offer GUI
Available for

computers of all
sizes
16

17. 4 Disk Operating System (DOS)
Developed in
early 1980s
for personal D Used command-line
computers
interface when first
O
developed, later
Hardly used today included menus
S
because it does
not offer GUI
17

18. 4 Handheld Operating Systems
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

19. C
SECTION
4
File Basics
File Names and Extensions
File Directories and Folders
File Formats
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

20. 4 File Formats
Windows uses a file association list to link a
file extension to its corresponding application
software
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

21. 4 Physical File Storage
The file system
keeps track of the
names and locations
of files
– NTFS
• Master File Table
(MFT)
– FAT32
• File Allocation Table
(FAT)
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

22. 4 Physical File Storage
Deleting a file changes the status of that file’s
clusters to empty and removes the file name
from the index file
– The file’s data is still there
– File shredder software overwrites “empty” sectors
with random 1s and 0s
Files in the Windows Recycle Bin and similar
utilities can be undeleted
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

23. 4 Physical File Storage
Fragmented files are stored in noncontiguous
clusters and decrease performance
Defragmentation utilities rearrange files so
that they are stored in contiguous clusters
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

24. 4 Device Drivers
Program that With Plug and
tells operating system Play, operating system
Device
how to communicate automatically configures
Driver
with device new devices as you
install them
Also called driver
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25. 4 Fun Quote
People are more violently opposed to fur than
leather because it's safer to harass rich
women than motorcycle gangs.
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Chapter 4: Operating Systems and File Management

26. 4 Quotable…
Neither a wise nor a brave man lies
down on the tracks of history to wait for
the train of the future to run over him
• Dwight Eisenhower
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