15. Sinks White space at top of page, draws attention to gray space underneath it Consistent sink from page to page to be harmonious
16. Vertical White Space Makes text more approachable Opens up page Makes room for elements like sidebars and illustrations, or pull quotes
17. Rules Emphasize or frame page elements Seperate page elements Downrules used to seperate columns Draw attention to pull quotes Thick rules are attention getters Thin rules used in businesslike documents
18. Borders Frame the space where text and artwork appear Partial borders sometimes used
19. Boxes Used to separate or isolate elements on the page Not used for emphasis, just separation Used for sidebars, tables, extra information Don't overly decorate boxes Don't draw unneeded attention
21. Screens Underlying color Adds color and contrast to a document Make document look more inviting Set apart boxed text Use for every other line of a table
22. Bleeds Printed image extended all the way to the edge of a page Impart an artistic look Perceives the page as a window, shows portion of scene Images that bleed look larger and more important, less isolated Horizontal rules that bleed add continuity to a spread
![Capter 4: Building Blocks of Graphic Design ,[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ch4-1235062974121517-2/85/ch4-1-320.jpg)
