1.
Intro to Arduino
The Basics of Open Hardware and Circuits
Code4LibDC 2014
Jason Griffey
Evenly Distributed LLC
http://evenlydistributed.net

2.
SSID: LibraryBox - Free Content!
Connect to wifi signal, then launch/refresh any browser
Folder: Code4LibDC
http://librarybox.us

3.
Software install?

4.
Let’s Plug In

5.
Open Source Hardware

6.
Moore’s Law
Photo by Marcin Wichary - http://flic.kr/p/4v4DSq

7.
Koomey’s Law
Photo by LisaW123 - http://flic.kr/p/7eiqaq

8.
Photo by sobczak.paul - http://flic.kr/p/aDD8ep

9.
Arduino

10.
Photo by bjepson - http://flic.kr/p/8EVHqm

11.
Why Arduino?

12.
Open Hardware

13.
Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hLXBM

14.
Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hLXwT

15.
Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hQcJs

16.
Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hQcDG

17.
Photo by dam - http://flic.kr/p/8hQcDG

18.
Photo by Nathan Chantrell - http://flic.kr/p/aALqhd

19.
Photo by Nathan Chantrell - http://flic.kr/p/aALqhd

20.
Photo by antonw - http://flic.kr/p/91daJe
Shields

21.
A La Mode

22.
Sensors
http://learn.adafruit.com/system/assets/assets/000/000/426/original/FSR402_MED.jpg?1340650766

23.
Arduino Software

24.
Our Hardware

25.
Fritzing

26.
Arduino
IDE

27.
Our Sketch

28.
int val;
!
void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
!
void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);
!
if (val > 256)
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
!
if (val > 768)
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
!
if (val > 769)
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}
Globals
Setup
Loop

29.
int val;
!
void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
!
void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);
!
if (val > 256)
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
!
if (val > 768)
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
!
if (val > 769)
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}
Globals
Setup
Loop

30.
int val;
!
void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
!
void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);
!
if (val > 256)
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
!
if (val > 768)
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
!
if (val > 769)
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}
Globals
Setup
Loop

31.
int val;
!
void setup()
{
pinMode(2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(3,OUTPUT);
pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
!
void loop()
{
Serial.println(analogRead(0));
val = analogRead(0);
!
if (val > 256)
digitalWrite(2,HIGH);
if (val < 256)
digitalWrite(2,LOW);
if (val > 512)
digitalWrite(3,HIGH);
if (val < 512)
digitalWrite(3,LOW);
!
if (val > 768)
digitalWrite(4,HIGH);
if (val < 768)
digitalWrite(4,LOW);
!
if (val > 769)
digitalWrite(5,HIGH);
if (val < 1020)
digitalWrite(5,LOW);
}
Globals
Setup
Loop

32.
Can you:

33.
Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?

34.
Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?

35.
Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?
• Change the order the LEDs light up?

36.
Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?
• Change the order the LEDs light up?
• Light up 2 LEDs at once?

37.
Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?
• Change the order the LEDs light up?
• Light up 2 LEDs at once?
• Add another LED?

38.
Can you:
• Change one of the Pin Numbers?
• Re-wire the ground wires?
• Change the order the LEDs light up?
• Light up 2 LEDs at once?
• Add another LED?
• Swap the sensor?

39.
Structure
/* Each Arduino sketch must contain the
following two functions. */
void setup()
{
/* this code runs once at the beginning of
the code execution. */
}
void loop()
{
/* this code runs repeatedly over and over
as long as the board is powered. */
}
Comments
// this is a single line
/* this is
a multiline */
Setup
pinMode(pin, [INPUT OUTPUT INPUT_PULLUP]);
/* Sets the mode of the digital I/O pin.
It can be set as an input, output, or an
input with an internal pull-up resistor.
*/
Control Structures
if(condition)
{
// if condition is TRUE, do something here
}
else
{
// otherwise, do this
}
for(initialization; condition; increment)
{
// do this
}
/* The ‘for’ statement is used to repeat
a block of statements enclosed in curly
braces. An increment counter is usually
used to increment and terminate the loop.
*/
Digital I/O
digitalWrite(pin, val);
/* val = HIGH or LOW. Sets the
digital pin to either ON or OFF. */
int var = digitalRead(pin);
/* Reads the voltage from a digital
pin. Returns either HIGH or LOW. */
int var = digitalRead(pin);
/* Reads the value from a specified digital
pin, either HIGH or LOW. */
Analog I/O
analogWrite(pin, val);
/* Writes an analog voltage to a pin.
val = integer value from 0 to 255 */
int var = analogRead(pin);
/* Reads the voltage from the specified
analog pin. */
int var = analogRead(pin);
/* Reads the value from the specified
analog pin. */
Time
delay(time_ms);
/* Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in milliseconds). */
delayMicroseconds(time_us);
/* Pauses the program for the amount of time
(in microseconds). */
millis();
/* Returns the number of milliseconds since
the board began running the current program.
max: 4,294,967,295 */
micros();
/* Returns the number of microseconds since
the board began running the current program.
max: 4,294,967,295 */
Serial Communication
Serial.begin(baudrate);
/* Sets the data rate in bits per second
(baud) for serial data transmission. */
Serial.print("");
/* Sets the data rate in bits per second
(baud) for serial data transmission. */
Serial.print("Hello World!!");
/* Sends a string "Hello World!!" to the
serial bus. This will be seen on the Serial
Monitor in Arduino. */
Serial.println("Hello World!");
/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this
also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to
advance to the next line. */
Serial.println("");
/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this
also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to
advance to the next line. */
boolean Serial.available()
/* Serial.available() returns TRUE if there
is data available on the Serial bus. */
int Serial.read();
/* Returns a single byte of data available
from the Serial buffer. */
int Serial.read();
/* Returns a single byte of data available
from the Serial buffer. */
Data Types
void // nothing is returned
boolean // 0, 1, false, true
char // 8 bits: ASCII character
byte // 8 bits: 0 to 255, unsigned
int // 16 bits: 32,768 to 32,767, signed
long /* 32 bits: 2,147,483,648
to 2,147,483,647, signed */
float // 32 bits, signed decimal
Constants
HIGH LOW
INPUT OUTPUT
true false
Mathematical Operators
= // assignment
+ // addition
- // subtraction
* // multiplication
/ // division
% // modulus
Logical Operators
== // boolean equal to
!= // not equal to
< // less than
> // greater than
<= // less than or equal to
>= // greater than or equal to
&& // Boolean AND
|| // Boolean OR
! // Boolean NOT
Bitwise Operators
& // bitwise AND
| // bitwise OR
^ // bitwise XOR
~ // bitwise INVERT
var << n // bitwise shift left by n bits
var >> n // bitwise shift right by n bits
Libraries
#include <libraryname.h>
/* this provides access to special
additional functions for things such as
servo motors, SD card, wifi, or bluetooth.
*/
Advanced I/O
tone(pin, freq);
/* Generates a square wave of the specified
frequency to a pin. Pin must be one of the
PWM (~) pins. */
tone(pin, freq, duration);
/* Generates a square wave of the specified
frequency to a pin for a duration in
milliseconds. Pin must be one of the PWM (~)
pins. */
noTone(pin);
// Turns off the tone on the pin.
RedBoard:
Power In
LilyPad ProtoSnap Simple:
Digital I/O
PWM(3,5,6,9,10,11)
ATmega328
Microcontroller
Temperature
Sensor
(Pin A1)
Vibe Motor
(Pin 3)
RGB LED
(Pins R=9,
G=11, B=10)
Button
(Pin A5)
Switch
(Pin 2)
Light
Sensor
(Pin A6)
Buzzer/
Speaker
(Pin 7)
LEDs
(Light Emitting Diodes)
(Pins 5, 6, A2, A4, A3)
Power
5V / 3.3 / GND
USB to Computer
Reset
Analog
Inputs
SCL/SDA
(I2C Bus)
ATmega328
Microcontroller

40.
Building Your Own Hardware

41.
Patron Counters

42.
$300

43.
$280

44.
Build One Yourself

45.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35

46.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20

47.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10

48.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or
PID) - $10

49.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or
PID) - $10
• TOTAL COST - $70

50.
Temperature/Humidity
Loggers

51.
$240

52.
$415

53.
Build One Yourself

54.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35

55.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20

56.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10

57.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10

58.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10
• LCD Display screen - $15

59.
Build One Yourself
• Arduino - $35
• Data Logger Shield - $20
• SD Card - $10
• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10
• LCD Display screen - $15
• TOTAL COST - $85

60.
Other Possibilities

61.
Other Possibilities
• RFID Reader

62.
Other Possibilities
• RFID Reader
• Barcode Scanner

63.
Other Possibilities
• RFID Reader
• Barcode Scanner
• Seat usage detector

64.
Other Possibilities
• RFID Reader
• Barcode Scanner
• Seat usage detector
• What else?

65.
Go Build Stuff!

66.
Jason Griffey
Email: griffey@gmail.com
Site: jasongriffey.net
gVoice: 423-443-4770
Twitter: @griffey
http://librarybox.us
http://evenlydistributed.net
!
Founder & Principal Consultant
http://pinboard.in/u:griffey/ Evenly Distributed LLC