GRAMENE
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Data Liberation Via Visualization:
Migration Patterns in India

Introduction
 Indian School of Business – Top ranked Business school
in India, located in Hyderabad
 Fosters research in various business domains, such as
Finance, Marketing, Emerging Markets and Information
Systems
 SRITNE is one such research center that focuses on the
business and societal value of IT
 One of the initiatives under SRITNE is Asia Analytics Lab
headed by Prof. Galit Shmueli
 Asia Analytics Labs is the focal point of data analytics
initiatives, education, research and business
applications in the Asian context

Data Liberation Via Visualization
 A joint collaboration between SRITNE and
Gramener
 One of the objectives is to develop and promote use
of visual analytics
 Foster a culture of open data within the academic
community

Agenda
 Introduction
 Migration Patterns
 Within the State
 Across States
 Rural – Urban movement
 Key Reasons for Migration
 Do the reasons vary by state?
 Reason vs Post-migration status
 Evolution of Migration over the years

Migration: Key Statistics
572,254 30%
Surveyed Migrants
Population
NSS 2007-08
Geographic
Distribution of Intra-
State movement
Inbount vs Intra- Across-
Outbound pattern State States
across States 85% 15%
Migration between
Rural and Urban
regions

Intra-State migration Patterns
Number of migrants moving within each of the States…
0 17,836 0% 37%
36%
17k
9k 10k
33%
14k Top churn in bigger %Churn highlights
states, except 37% 4 different
11k
Bihar states/UTs
33%
34%
…in absolute numbers …as a % of state’s survey size

Inter-State migration: Net Gain/Loss View
Net Inflow (i.e Inbound – Outbound) of migrants into each State…
-3,261 1,953 -6% 40%
+41% Chandiga
1,285
+21% rh
-3,261 -5%
-6%
-2,471
Daman &
+29%
Diu
Net loss for UP, +34%
1,953 +5%
D&N Haveli
Bihar
% Net gain for UTs
Net gain for Delhi,
MH
+23% +22%
Puducher A&N
ry Islands
…in absolute numbers …as a % of state’s survey size
(rescaled)

Top destinations for
Inter-State migration: States Heat-map UP, BH, RJ migrants
Consistent migration
in geographic
proximity

What is the pattern across
Rural-Urban areas?

State migrated to Rural-to-Rural Rural-to-Urban Urban-to-Urban Urban-to-Rural
INDIA 53% 24% 16% 6%
Bihar 71% 17% 7% 5%
Migration across Rural Sikkim
Tripura
69%
66%
12%
19%
9%
11%
10%
4%
Areas is significant! Himachal Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
65%
65%
19%
18%
8%
12%
7%
5%
Orissa 65% 22% 9% 4%
Rajasthan 60% 21% 13% 6%
Madhya Pradesh 57% 21% 18% 5%
..followed by migration Jharkhand
West Bengal
57%
56%
22%
22%
18%
18%
3%
4%
to Urban Areas.. Chhattisgarh
Kerala
56%
55%
23%
22%
13%
12%
8%
11%
Andhra Pradesh 53% 28% 13% 6%
Assam 51% 29% 15% 5%
Haryana 50% 25% 17% 7%
..Reverse migration Punjab 50% 20% 23% 7%
Uttaranchal 50% 22% 20% 7%
from Urban to Rural is Andaman & N Islands
Karnataka
50%
48%
31%
26%
11%
21%
9%
6%
rare! Meghalaya
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
46%
45%
20%
39%
20%
14%
15%
2%
Gujarat 45% 29% 21% 6%
Jammu & Kashmir 45% 33% 16% 6%
Maharashtra 42% 29% 23% 6%
Tamil Nadu 40% 30% 21% 9%
Daman & Diu 40% 26% 18% 16%
Manipur 39% 18% 15% 28%
Nagaland 27% 24% 21% 27%
Union Territories buck Mizoram 26% 38% 30% 6%
this trend, again! ..along Goa 23% 47% 25% 6%
Arunachal Pradesh 22% 37% 24% 17%
with some North-Eastern Pondicherry 20% 43% 32% 6%
states Lakshadweep 18% 31% 28% 23%
Chandigarh 14% 39% 44% 3%
Delhi 6% 54% 37% 3%

Why are they migrating?

The major reason for women to migrate is due to marriage and
for men it is search for better employment/transfer

How are the reasons evolving over the
years?

Gradually increasing / changing with evolving economic
conditions

Do people in certain states move due a
particular reason?

People in Tripura migrate mostly because of Forced Reasons, whereas the most
dominant reason in UP is Marriage!

What do they migrate for: Post
Migration Employment Status

Women who marry and migrate are involved in Domestic Duties,
while men who migrate are employed as wage employees.

Migration Summary
 Intra-state migration is higher than the inter-state
migration
 UP and Bihar lose the maximum number of people
whereas Maharashtra and the Union Territories gain
 Rural to Rural Migration is dominant, and very rarely
Urban population moves to Rural areas
 Marriage and Employment drive the migration patterns
in India
 Women are generally involved in Domestic Duties post
migration whereas Men are working as Wage workers

Why Visual Analytics?
 Visual Analytics – comprehensive and compelling,
eye-catchy and pleasing
 Enables you get a snap-shot of large datasets and
the underlying story
 Enhances the chances of seeing unknown patterns
 Encompasses analytical reasoning techniques, data-
processing techniques, visual representations,
design and creating business value
 Finally, it’s fun!

Questions?
GRAMENE