SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 39
Download to read offline
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond
Stefano Paleari
Rector of the University of Bergamo
President of the Conference of Italian University Rectors (CRUI)
Pavia, 21 Aprile 2015
2015 Pavia PhD Workshop on:
«Perspectives for the European Universities:
the Role of PhD Research in Society»
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Agenda
• Be clear at the beginning
• Where we are: a call and a commitment
• Where we won to be
• Which model, which University
• A simple story: Higher Education in UK and in Italy
• A more general reflection
• What about the future of University:
o Key messages for policy makers… and questions
o Key messages and questions for universities
2
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Be clear at the beginning
• Universities need to adapt to the society they belong to
o Efficiency and sustainability are main issues
• In order to participate to the birth of a new university, we
need to acknowledge that we are in a context that has
dramatically changed in the last years
3
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Where we are: a call and a commitment
• A call to earth for our policy makers, for our colleagues and for
our mass media
• A commitment: if we don’t know we don’t talk
• We often use to talk about science without a scientific
approach
4
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
European Higher Education in a nutshell
State Total € 2014
Share of GDP
2013
Inflation adj
var%
(2008-2014)
France 20.120** 0,99** +3,9**
Germany 26.800* 0,98* +23*
Netherlands 3.295 0,54* -0,6
Spain 7.405 0,73* -15
Italy 6.576 0,42* -21
5
Source: EUA public funding observatory.
*2013 (2014 n.a.) **2012 (2013 n.a.)
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Public budget breakdown of European countries
6
Data in % - Year 2011
General
services
Defence
Public order
& safety
Economy Environ. House Health
Culture &
entert.
Education Welfare
Austria 13.1 1.4 2.9 10.5 1.0 1.2 15.3 2.0 11.0 41.6
Belgium 15.0 1.8 3.4 12.3 1.4 0.7 14.8 2.4 11.6 36.6
France 11.5 3.2 3.1 6.3 1.9 3.4 14.7 2.5 10.8 42.6
Germany 13.6 2.4 3.5 7.8 1.5 1.2 15.5 1.8 9.4 43.3
Greece 24.6 4.6 3.3 6.2 1.0 0.4 11.6 1.2 7.9 39.3
Ireland 11.4 0.9 3.7 16.4 2.1 1.3 15.6 1.8 10.9 35.9
Italy 17.3 3.0 4.0 7.1 1.8 1.4 14.7 1.1 8.5 41.0
Luxemburg 11.4 1.0 2.5 9.9 2.8 1.8 11.4 4.0 12.1 43.2
Netherlands 11.2 2.7 4.2 10.9 3.3 1.2 17.0 3.5 11.6 34.5
Norway 9.7 3.6 2.2 9.6 1.5 1.6 16.5 2.9 12.6 39.8
Spain 12.5 2.3 4.8 11.6 2.1 1.3 14.1 3.3 10.5 37.4
Sweden 14.4 2.9 2.7 8.2 0.7 1.5 13.7 2.2 13.3 40.5
Switzerland 9.9 2.9 5.0 13.7 2.3 0.6 6.1 2.6 17.9 39.0
U.K. 11.6 5.1 5.3 5.3 2.0 1.8 16.5 2.1 13.4 36.8
U.S.A. 12.4 11.7 5.5 9.4 0.0 2.1 21.4 0.7 15.5 21.3
OCSE 13.6 3.6 3.9 10.5 1.6 1.6 14.5 2.7 12.5 35.6
Source: Il Sole 24 Ore, 15 novembre 2013
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Diverging funding policies on HE
7
Source: Donina et al. (2014). Reprocessing EUA’s Public Funding Observatory and Word Bank Statistics
Country
Funding 2012 -
(mln €)
Population
2011 ('000)
Funding per
citizen
Change 2008-
2012
Change 2008-2012
Inflation-adjusted
Norway 3.621 4.953 731 22,0% 21,0%
Sweden 6.235 9.449 660 22,0% 21,0%
Germany 24.900 81.798 304 23,0% 20,0%
France 19.800 65.434 303 8,8% 6,4%
Iceland 87 319 273 13,0% 7,2%
Ireland 1.236 4.576 270 -20,0% -21,0%
Austria 2.169 8.424 257 15,0% 13,0%
Netherland 3.232 16.693 194 10,0% 7,5%
Spain* 7.258 46.175 157 -9,5% -11,0%
UK 9.815 62.744 156 -10,0% -13,0%
Italy 6.633 60.724 109 -12,0% -14,0%
Croatia 369 4.403 84 5,3% 1,8%
Slovakia 447 5.398 83 2,1% -1,5%
Poland* 3.015 38.534 78 12,0% 8,6%
Czech Republic 802 10.496 76 -14,0% -17,0%
Lithuania 189 3.030 62 -19,0% -22,0%
Portugal 602 10.557 57 -1,5% -4,1%
Hungary 542 9.972 54 -20,0% -24,0%
Greece 200 11.300 18 -25,0% -25,0%
Belgium - French Community 585 n.a. 0 19,0% 16,0%
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
What are the public funding modalities?
8
Source: Estermann (2014),
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Where we won to be
9
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Massification of HE
10
Population share that attained tertiary education by age (2011)
Source: OECD, Education at a glance, 2013
• The share of youth who attain HE is increased worldwide
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
Korea
Japan
Canada
Ireland
United…
Norway
Luxembourg
NewZealand
Israel
Australia
UnitedStates
France
Sweden
Belgium
Chile
Switzerland
Netherlands
Finland
Iceland
Poland
Spain
Estonia
OECDaverage
Denmark
EU21average
Slovenia
Greece
Hungary
Germany
Portugal
Slovak…
Czech…
Mexico
Austria
Italy
Turkey
25-34 years old
55-64 years old
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
“The world is going to university” (Economist, March 2015)
11
• The global tertiary-enrolment ratio—the share of the student-
age population at university—went up from 14% to 32% in
the two decades to 2012
• University enrolment is growing faster even than demand for
that ultimate consumer good, the car
• The hunger for degrees is understandable: these days they
are a requirement for a decent job and an entry ticket to the
middle class
Source: Economist, March 28th, 2015
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
The world is asking research and top universities
12
Nowadays policymakers are increasingly focusing public
resources on a few privileged institutions, intensifying the
competition to create world-class universities
“Everyone wants one [world class university],
no one knows what it is,
and no one knows how to get one”
Philip Altbach
Director of the Center for International Higher Education
in the Lynch School of Education at Boston College
The Future of HE in Europe17.05.2015
Politicians love the university rankings
We would maximize the competitive position of a group of leading Russian
universities in the global research and education market through the “Project
5-100” (a campaign to help propel 5 Russian institutions into the top 100 of
the global rankings)
Alexander Povalko,
Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
It is time to transform Japanese universities to world universities so they can
be placed within the top ranking
Hakubun Shimomura,
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
Our universities are also climbing up the international rankings. Four French
institutions are among the top 100 in the Shanghai Ranking and we’re told
there will soon be five. These rankings matter, of course.
François Hollande,
President of the French Republic
13
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Which model, which University
14
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Satisfying the demand: EU or US model?
15
European model
• The leading approach is that of state funding and provision, in
which most institutions have equal resources and status.
Anglosaxon model
• A more market-based model, of mixed private-public funding
and provision, with brilliant, well-funded institutions at the top
and poorer ones at the bottom
The world is moving toward the Anglosaxon model: Is it
worth?
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Higher education is only research?
Research side:
• In 2014, 19 of the 20 universities in the world that produced
the most highly cited research papers were American.
Education side:
• American graduates score poorly in international numeracy
and literacy rankings, and are worsening. 45% of American
students made no gains in their first two years of university
• Tuition fees have nearly doubled, in real terms, in 20 years
• Student debt, at nearly $1.2 trillion, has surpassed credit-card
debt and car loans
The dark side of «rankings»…
16
The Future of HE in Europe17.05.2015
Are University rankings a ruin?
We need to start with a rich and credible data system before we leap into
some sort of artificial ranking system that, frankly, would have all kinds of
unintended consequences.
Margaret Spellings, U.S. Secretary of Education
The system of evaluating professors and academic institutions creates
perverse incentives which undermine the quality of education and
encourage and enable fraud.
Wu Se-hwa 吳思華, Ministry of Education of Taiwan
Forget ranking; serious education issues deserve more attention. Youth are
growing up without practical life skills.
Gaylod Avedi, Chairman of Vihiga County Education Board
17
The Future of HE in Europe17.05.2015
Is this a sustainable model?
18
University of California (Berkeley)
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
A simple story: Higher Education in UK and in Italy
19
HE a.y. 2012/13 Italy (€) UK (£)
Total income (mln) 12.894,7 29.001,3
Total expenditure (mln) 12.145,0 27.941,5
Sources: ANVUR (2014) HESA website
The UK system cost three times the Italian one: please stop operating on a shoestring
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Italy vs Uk: number of Universities
20
2012/13 Italy UK
Total 96 161
Public 67 160
Private (excluding telematic
universities)
18 1
Telematic universities 11 (private) 1 (public)
Are there in Italy too many Universities?
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Italy vs. UK: institutional size
21
UK
a.y. 2012/13
Public Private
Long-distance
Learning (Public)
Total 160 1 1
Mega univ 1 1
Big univ 42
Medium univ 56
Small univ 61 1
Italy
a.y. 2012/13
Atenei Statali
Atenei non Statali
Tradizionali
Long-distance
Learning (Private)
Total 66 18 11
Mega univ 11
Big univ 17 1
Medium univ 17 1 1
Small univ 21 16 10
Mega univ:
Students > 40.000;
Big univ:
20.000<students< 40.000;
Medium univ:
10.000<students< 20.000;
Small univ:
Students < 10.000
Fonte: Elaborazione su dati Statistica MIUR
Fonte: HESA website
Are the Italian Universities too small?
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Italy vs. UK: funding system
22
Can Italy and Europe afford the UK trend?
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
A more general reflection
23
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Is the “dual” society coming?
• We are moving towards a so-called “dual” society
• Using the words of Marc Augé:
24
on the one hand
• an oligarchy of power
• an oligarchy of money
• an oligarchy of knowledge
and on the other
a mass of “excluded”
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Dual society or free lunch society? 1/3
• Dual Society (1% Society)
o Competitiveness based solely on excellence
o An intensive logic: Resources concentrated on few people and few
initiatives
o A diverging HE system: a system for the genes or the elects on the
one side; and a less-qualified system for the others
o A compassionate system of charity emulating an accessibility
system
25
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Dual society or free lunch society? 2/3
• The “free-lunch” Society
o Society based exclusively on rights and not on duties
o An “artificially-equal” system: equal from the legal point of view,
but not substantially
o Final result is that the average quality decreases
26
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Dual society or free lunch society? 3/3
• Is Knowledge Society coherent with the Dual Society model?
• Is the “free-lunch” Society sustainable from an economic and
an anthropologic point of view?
• Is a more realistic approach feasible?
27
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
What about the future of University
28
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Key messages for policy makers (1/2)
• Be clear about aims and purposes
• Evaluate which aims can be best achieved through which
measure
• Consult on the choice of indicators/objectives
• Minimise administrative effort for the measurement and
generation/collection of data
o Time spent for administrative and bureaucratic jobs is without
value added
29
Source: Estermann (2014),
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Which goal has to be persuited?
30
Source: Estermann (2014), EUA funding forum Bergamo.
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Key messages for policy makers (2/2)
• Watch out for conflicting goals and indicators
• Avoid indicators on which HEIs have little influence
• Be careful for possible unintended consequences and
impacts of policy choices
31
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Does HE decrease Social inequalities?
• In some cases, are new HE funding policies increasing social
inequalities?
o In some countries as the US, the new model is forcing students to
run up huge debts to afford to obtain an academic qualification
˗ What will it happen in countries which are on the same path (i.e., UK)?
o Are we going towards a society that the philosopher Marc Augé
called ‘dual society’, or that we can call ‘1% society’?
˗ Competitiveness based solely on excellence
˗ An intensive logic: Resources concentrated on few people and few
initiatives
˗ A diverging HE system: a system for the genes or the elects on the one
side; and a less-qualified system for the others
˗ A compassionate system of charity emulating an accessibility system
32
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
A new model of university?
• Who should bear the cost of higher education?
o New funding models for the sustainability of the system
o A variety of funding models would facilitate the creation of an
university “ecosystem”
 Evolution of higher education institutions to be more responsive to the
needs of different stakeholders
 Possible response to the increased cost of higher education
33
'Classic' State University 80% 20%
Private model (teaching) 20% 50% - - 30%
Hybrid Model 50% 50%
Overheads
Contracts
Sources Public funding Students
Overhead EU
projects
“Fund raising”
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
…bring to new issues: Who pays for whom?
• International students are precious assets for European
universities
• BUT is it worthy that EU taxpayers in some EU countries are
funding
o Non-EU student’s education
o EU students that will work in a non-EU country
• Some issues for the European policy makers
o Are they aware of the problem?
o Are current national welfare state compatible with a global market
for HE?
34
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Key messages for universities 1/2
• To the policy makers: no input, no output
35
Source: Estermann (2014)
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Key messages for universities 2/2
• Get involved in the design of the funding scheme
• Identify their own priorities and develop an institutional
strategy
• Establish strong internal QA mechanisms and foster quality
culture
• Set up internal funding allocation schemes based on
institutional priorities (may differ from the external one)
• If applicable, try to align the performance contract with your
institutional priorities
36
Source: Estermann (2014)
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Open issues and proposals: Changing status
• Is this new idea of society still compatible with the idea of
public servants/employees?
o Being paid by the government does not make an employee a
public servant!
• Support the average quality and excellence at the same time
• Is the current legal status coherent with the goals of
sustainability and diversification of university funding sources?
37
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
Open issues: specialties and commodities
• What are commodities and specialties in HE?
˗ Undergraduates are "commodity" and graduates are "specialty"?
˗ Frontal lessons are speciality or commodity? The role of Moocs
• Can commodities be outsourced?
o Why do universities pay for tutors, teaching how to solve very
standard exercises that can easily be found on the web?
o Can this resources be used to augment scholarships?
o Can this resources be used to invest in a course that provides high
value added?
38
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari
The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond
• The Universities are the new “wealth of Nations”
• The model of University is also the model of society that we
won to build up: excellence and/or average quality
• The landscape will change (mobility, resource scarsity, high
skill workers, ecc.) and we have to change with it
• My best wishes to the Rectors for the forthcoming years……..
39

More Related Content

What's hot

Education at a Glance 2020 - United States launch
Education at a Glance 2020 - United States launchEducation at a Glance 2020 - United States launch
Education at a Glance 2020 - United States launchEduSkills OECD
 
Open enrollments Opportunities and difficulties of community colleges and ope...
Open enrollments Opportunities and difficulties of community colleges and ope...Open enrollments Opportunities and difficulties of community colleges and ope...
Open enrollments Opportunities and difficulties of community colleges and ope...EduSkills OECD
 
Education Policy Outlook - Making Reforms Happen
Education Policy Outlook - Making Reforms HappenEducation Policy Outlook - Making Reforms Happen
Education Policy Outlook - Making Reforms HappenEduSkills OECD
 
Lahti uas presentation_01092014
Lahti uas presentation_01092014Lahti uas presentation_01092014
Lahti uas presentation_01092014Outi Kallioinen
 
Education at a Glance 2017 – London, September 12 2017
Education at a Glance 2017 –  London, September 12 2017Education at a Glance 2017 –  London, September 12 2017
Education at a Glance 2017 – London, September 12 2017EduSkills OECD
 
Education in Latvia - Progress, Challenges and Recommendations
Education in Latvia - Progress, Challenges  and RecommendationsEducation in Latvia - Progress, Challenges  and Recommendations
Education in Latvia - Progress, Challenges and RecommendationsEduSkills OECD
 
MOSEP paper - ICL Conference 2007
MOSEP paper - ICL Conference 2007MOSEP paper - ICL Conference 2007
MOSEP paper - ICL Conference 2007Gerlinde Buchberger
 
Education at a Glance 2020 - European Union launch
Education at a Glance 2020 - European Union launchEducation at a Glance 2020 - European Union launch
Education at a Glance 2020 - European Union launchEduSkills OECD
 
University Consortia
University ConsortiaUniversity Consortia
University ConsortiaUCPori
 
Education at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators - Key findings
Education at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators - Key findingsEducation at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators - Key findings
Education at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators - Key findingsEduSkills OECD
 
AoC London Members' Bulletin - Issue 113
AoC London Members' Bulletin - Issue 113AoC London Members' Bulletin - Issue 113
AoC London Members' Bulletin - Issue 113Association of Colleges
 
Tackling Early Leaving from Education and Training in Europe: Strategies, Pol...
Tackling Early Leaving from Education and Training in Europe: Strategies, Pol...Tackling Early Leaving from Education and Training in Europe: Strategies, Pol...
Tackling Early Leaving from Education and Training in Europe: Strategies, Pol...FLE Liberdade de Educação
 
Education at a Glance 2014 - United Kingdom
Education at a Glance 2014  - United KingdomEducation at a Glance 2014  - United Kingdom
Education at a Glance 2014 - United KingdomEduSkills OECD
 
Education at a Glance 2016
Education at a Glance 2016Education at a Glance 2016
Education at a Glance 2016EduSkills OECD
 
The state of education around the world: Findings from Education at a Glance ...
The state of education around the world: Findings from Education at a Glance ...The state of education around the world: Findings from Education at a Glance ...
The state of education around the world: Findings from Education at a Glance ...EduSkills OECD
 
Education at a Glance 2017
Education at a Glance 2017Education at a Glance 2017
Education at a Glance 2017EduSkills OECD
 
Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...
Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...
Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...EduSkills OECD
 
Education at a Glance 2014 - United States
Education at a Glance 2014 - United StatesEducation at a Glance 2014 - United States
Education at a Glance 2014 - United StatesEduSkills OECD
 
Education at a Glance 2015 - Global Launch
Education at a Glance 2015 - Global LaunchEducation at a Glance 2015 - Global Launch
Education at a Glance 2015 - Global LaunchEduSkills OECD
 
Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution Implications for Scien...
Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution   Implications for Scien...Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution   Implications for Scien...
Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution Implications for Scien...EduSkills OECD
 

What's hot (20)

Education at a Glance 2020 - United States launch
Education at a Glance 2020 - United States launchEducation at a Glance 2020 - United States launch
Education at a Glance 2020 - United States launch
 
Open enrollments Opportunities and difficulties of community colleges and ope...
Open enrollments Opportunities and difficulties of community colleges and ope...Open enrollments Opportunities and difficulties of community colleges and ope...
Open enrollments Opportunities and difficulties of community colleges and ope...
 
Education Policy Outlook - Making Reforms Happen
Education Policy Outlook - Making Reforms HappenEducation Policy Outlook - Making Reforms Happen
Education Policy Outlook - Making Reforms Happen
 
Lahti uas presentation_01092014
Lahti uas presentation_01092014Lahti uas presentation_01092014
Lahti uas presentation_01092014
 
Education at a Glance 2017 – London, September 12 2017
Education at a Glance 2017 –  London, September 12 2017Education at a Glance 2017 –  London, September 12 2017
Education at a Glance 2017 – London, September 12 2017
 
Education in Latvia - Progress, Challenges and Recommendations
Education in Latvia - Progress, Challenges  and RecommendationsEducation in Latvia - Progress, Challenges  and Recommendations
Education in Latvia - Progress, Challenges and Recommendations
 
MOSEP paper - ICL Conference 2007
MOSEP paper - ICL Conference 2007MOSEP paper - ICL Conference 2007
MOSEP paper - ICL Conference 2007
 
Education at a Glance 2020 - European Union launch
Education at a Glance 2020 - European Union launchEducation at a Glance 2020 - European Union launch
Education at a Glance 2020 - European Union launch
 
University Consortia
University ConsortiaUniversity Consortia
University Consortia
 
Education at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators - Key findings
Education at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators - Key findingsEducation at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators - Key findings
Education at a glance 2013: OECD Indicators - Key findings
 
AoC London Members' Bulletin - Issue 113
AoC London Members' Bulletin - Issue 113AoC London Members' Bulletin - Issue 113
AoC London Members' Bulletin - Issue 113
 
Tackling Early Leaving from Education and Training in Europe: Strategies, Pol...
Tackling Early Leaving from Education and Training in Europe: Strategies, Pol...Tackling Early Leaving from Education and Training in Europe: Strategies, Pol...
Tackling Early Leaving from Education and Training in Europe: Strategies, Pol...
 
Education at a Glance 2014 - United Kingdom
Education at a Glance 2014  - United KingdomEducation at a Glance 2014  - United Kingdom
Education at a Glance 2014 - United Kingdom
 
Education at a Glance 2016
Education at a Glance 2016Education at a Glance 2016
Education at a Glance 2016
 
The state of education around the world: Findings from Education at a Glance ...
The state of education around the world: Findings from Education at a Glance ...The state of education around the world: Findings from Education at a Glance ...
The state of education around the world: Findings from Education at a Glance ...
 
Education at a Glance 2017
Education at a Glance 2017Education at a Glance 2017
Education at a Glance 2017
 
Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...
Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...
Education at a Glance Interim Report:Update of Employment and Educational Att...
 
Education at a Glance 2014 - United States
Education at a Glance 2014 - United StatesEducation at a Glance 2014 - United States
Education at a Glance 2014 - United States
 
Education at a Glance 2015 - Global Launch
Education at a Glance 2015 - Global LaunchEducation at a Glance 2015 - Global Launch
Education at a Glance 2015 - Global Launch
 
Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution Implications for Scien...
Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution   Implications for Scien...Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution   Implications for Scien...
Preparing Students for the 4th Industrial Revolution Implications for Scien...
 

Viewers also liked

Values in University Education:University Autonomy in Europe - Impact and Tre...
Values in University Education:University Autonomy in Europe - Impact and Tre...Values in University Education:University Autonomy in Europe - Impact and Tre...
Values in University Education:University Autonomy in Europe - Impact and Tre...The Royal Irish Academy
 
Baptism SOR1 HSC Christianity
Baptism SOR1 HSC ChristianityBaptism SOR1 HSC Christianity
Baptism SOR1 HSC Christianitysjdoyle
 
Religion and peace christian texts
Religion and peace christian textsReligion and peace christian texts
Religion and peace christian textsTristan Forsyth
 
6.5 Rome And The Roots Of Western Civilization
6.5   Rome And The Roots Of Western Civilization6.5   Rome And The Roots Of Western Civilization
6.5 Rome And The Roots Of Western CivilizationDan Ewert
 
Sociology of Religion
Sociology of ReligionSociology of Religion
Sociology of ReligionSeth Allen
 

Viewers also liked (9)

Hsc forum2015 religion
Hsc forum2015 religionHsc forum2015 religion
Hsc forum2015 religion
 
Values in University Education:University Autonomy in Europe - Impact and Tre...
Values in University Education:University Autonomy in Europe - Impact and Tre...Values in University Education:University Autonomy in Europe - Impact and Tre...
Values in University Education:University Autonomy in Europe - Impact and Tre...
 
Religion
ReligionReligion
Religion
 
Baptism SOR1 HSC Christianity
Baptism SOR1 HSC ChristianityBaptism SOR1 HSC Christianity
Baptism SOR1 HSC Christianity
 
Religion and peace christian texts
Religion and peace christian textsReligion and peace christian texts
Religion and peace christian texts
 
6.5 Rome And The Roots Of Western Civilization
6.5   Rome And The Roots Of Western Civilization6.5   Rome And The Roots Of Western Civilization
6.5 Rome And The Roots Of Western Civilization
 
Chapter 13 religion
Chapter 13 religionChapter 13 religion
Chapter 13 religion
 
Sociology of Religion
Sociology of ReligionSociology of Religion
Sociology of Religion
 
CULTURES OF INDIA
CULTURES OF INDIACULTURES OF INDIA
CULTURES OF INDIA
 

Similar to Paleari pavia 21apr15

The Future of European University: trends and food for thought
The Future of European University:  trends and food for thoughtThe Future of European University:  trends and food for thought
The Future of European University: trends and food for thoughtFree University of Bozen - Bolzano
 
The big picture: who comes, why and what might change in the future?
The big picture: who comes, why and what might change in the future?The big picture: who comes, why and what might change in the future?
The big picture: who comes, why and what might change in the future?University of Limerick
 
presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)
presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)
presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)Ronald van der Heijden
 
The Future of Higher Education - Four OECD Scenarios
The Future of Higher Education - Four OECD ScenariosThe Future of Higher Education - Four OECD Scenarios
The Future of Higher Education - Four OECD ScenariosEduSkills OECD
 
Financial Aspects of Higher Education in Europe
Financial Aspects of Higher Education in EuropeFinancial Aspects of Higher Education in Europe
Financial Aspects of Higher Education in Europeanush00
 
The Bologna Process: Where to from Here?
The Bologna Process: Where to from Here?The Bologna Process: Where to from Here?
The Bologna Process: Where to from Here?Yvonne Oberhollenzer
 
The Role of LifeLong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based S...
The Role of LifeLong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based S...The Role of LifeLong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based S...
The Role of LifeLong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based S...Anabela Mesquita
 
EPALE and Adult Learning in Europe
EPALE and Adult Learning in EuropeEPALE and Adult Learning in Europe
EPALE and Adult Learning in EuropeEPALE_UK
 
The Future of Research: Reputation
The Future of Research: ReputationThe Future of Research: Reputation
The Future of Research: ReputationJisc
 
Future of Research: Reputation
Future of Research: ReputationFuture of Research: Reputation
Future of Research: ReputationJisc
 
Modernisation agenda for_he_en
Modernisation agenda for_he_enModernisation agenda for_he_en
Modernisation agenda for_he_enSYL
 
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU. Agenda 2016
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU. Agenda 2016Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU. Agenda 2016
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU. Agenda 2016eraser Juan José Calderón
 
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU, Agenda 2016.
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU, Agenda 2016.Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU, Agenda 2016.
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU, Agenda 2016.xrbiotech
 
BIN@Sheffield 2014 Ryzard bialecki: developing innovation & technology accele...
BIN@Sheffield 2014 Ryzard bialecki: developing innovation & technology accele...BIN@Sheffield 2014 Ryzard bialecki: developing innovation & technology accele...
BIN@Sheffield 2014 Ryzard bialecki: developing innovation & technology accele...Business Innovation Network
 
Internationalisation and student voices: a disruption of business-as-usual?
Internationalisation and student voices: a disruption of business-as-usual?Internationalisation and student voices: a disruption of business-as-usual?
Internationalisation and student voices: a disruption of business-as-usual?Richard Hall
 
Open Dialogue: Towards Organizing Study Abroad Europe-Wide
Open Dialogue: Towards Organizing Study Abroad Europe-WideOpen Dialogue: Towards Organizing Study Abroad Europe-Wide
Open Dialogue: Towards Organizing Study Abroad Europe-WideCIEE
 
Towards the connected and collaborative educational landscape
Towards the connected and collaborative educational landscapeTowards the connected and collaborative educational landscape
Towards the connected and collaborative educational landscapeicdeslides
 

Similar to Paleari pavia 21apr15 (20)

The Future of European University: trends and food for thought
The Future of European University:  trends and food for thoughtThe Future of European University:  trends and food for thought
The Future of European University: trends and food for thought
 
The big picture: who comes, why and what might change in the future?
The big picture: who comes, why and what might change in the future?The big picture: who comes, why and what might change in the future?
The big picture: who comes, why and what might change in the future?
 
presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)
presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)
presentatie Frans van Vught (Lustrumcongres Erasmus Trustfonds, 4 juni 2013)
 
The Future of Higher Education - Four OECD Scenarios
The Future of Higher Education - Four OECD ScenariosThe Future of Higher Education - Four OECD Scenarios
The Future of Higher Education - Four OECD Scenarios
 
Mauro moruzzi
Mauro moruzziMauro moruzzi
Mauro moruzzi
 
Financial Aspects of Higher Education in Europe
Financial Aspects of Higher Education in EuropeFinancial Aspects of Higher Education in Europe
Financial Aspects of Higher Education in Europe
 
The Bologna Process: Where to from Here?
The Bologna Process: Where to from Here?The Bologna Process: Where to from Here?
The Bologna Process: Where to from Here?
 
The Role of LifeLong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based S...
The Role of LifeLong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based S...The Role of LifeLong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based S...
The Role of LifeLong Learning in the Creation of a European Knowledge-Based S...
 
Monitor Education and Training 2014 . UE
Monitor Education and Training 2014 . UEMonitor Education and Training 2014 . UE
Monitor Education and Training 2014 . UE
 
FSL presentation ESOF2014
FSL presentation ESOF2014FSL presentation ESOF2014
FSL presentation ESOF2014
 
EPALE and Adult Learning in Europe
EPALE and Adult Learning in EuropeEPALE and Adult Learning in Europe
EPALE and Adult Learning in Europe
 
The Future of Research: Reputation
The Future of Research: ReputationThe Future of Research: Reputation
The Future of Research: Reputation
 
Future of Research: Reputation
Future of Research: ReputationFuture of Research: Reputation
Future of Research: Reputation
 
Modernisation agenda for_he_en
Modernisation agenda for_he_enModernisation agenda for_he_en
Modernisation agenda for_he_en
 
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU. Agenda 2016
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU. Agenda 2016Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU. Agenda 2016
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU. Agenda 2016
 
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU, Agenda 2016.
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU, Agenda 2016.Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU, Agenda 2016.
Science, Research and Innovation performance of the EU, Agenda 2016.
 
BIN@Sheffield 2014 Ryzard bialecki: developing innovation & technology accele...
BIN@Sheffield 2014 Ryzard bialecki: developing innovation & technology accele...BIN@Sheffield 2014 Ryzard bialecki: developing innovation & technology accele...
BIN@Sheffield 2014 Ryzard bialecki: developing innovation & technology accele...
 
Internationalisation and student voices: a disruption of business-as-usual?
Internationalisation and student voices: a disruption of business-as-usual?Internationalisation and student voices: a disruption of business-as-usual?
Internationalisation and student voices: a disruption of business-as-usual?
 
Open Dialogue: Towards Organizing Study Abroad Europe-Wide
Open Dialogue: Towards Organizing Study Abroad Europe-WideOpen Dialogue: Towards Organizing Study Abroad Europe-Wide
Open Dialogue: Towards Organizing Study Abroad Europe-Wide
 
Towards the connected and collaborative educational landscape
Towards the connected and collaborative educational landscapeTowards the connected and collaborative educational landscape
Towards the connected and collaborative educational landscape
 

More from Giuseppe De Nicolao

I misteri dei dipartimenti di eccellenza: genesi, anatomia, ideologia
I misteri dei dipartimenti di eccellenza: genesi, anatomia, ideologiaI misteri dei dipartimenti di eccellenza: genesi, anatomia, ideologia
I misteri dei dipartimenti di eccellenza: genesi, anatomia, ideologiaGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
Didattica blended: problemi tecnici ed etici
Didattica blended: problemi tecnici ed eticiDidattica blended: problemi tecnici ed etici
Didattica blended: problemi tecnici ed eticiGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
La didattica a distanza, aspetti critici, limiti e potenzialità
La didattica a distanza, aspetti critici, limiti e potenzialitàLa didattica a distanza, aspetti critici, limiti e potenzialità
La didattica a distanza, aspetti critici, limiti e potenzialitàGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
Più citazioni se volete far carriera! La valutazione della ricerca universitaria
Più citazioni se volete far carriera! La valutazione della ricerca universitariaPiù citazioni se volete far carriera! La valutazione della ricerca universitaria
Più citazioni se volete far carriera! La valutazione della ricerca universitariaGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
Il «fattore umano»ı. Misurare le soft skills
Il «fattore umano»ı. Misurare le soft skillsIl «fattore umano»ı. Misurare le soft skills
Il «fattore umano»ı. Misurare le soft skillsGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
State-fostered immaturity? Kant, Galileo and the Grand Evaluator
State-fostered immaturity? Kant, Galileo and the Grand EvaluatorState-fostered immaturity? Kant, Galileo and the Grand Evaluator
State-fostered immaturity? Kant, Galileo and the Grand EvaluatorGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
Una rivista ad accesso aperto, senza costi per gli autori e di alta qualità: ...
Una rivista ad accesso aperto, senza costi per gli autori e di alta qualità: ...Una rivista ad accesso aperto, senza costi per gli autori e di alta qualità: ...
Una rivista ad accesso aperto, senza costi per gli autori e di alta qualità: ...Giuseppe De Nicolao
 
Credo quia absurdum, l'apologetica delle "Weapons of math destruction”
Credo quia absurdum, l'apologetica delle  "Weapons of math destruction” Credo quia absurdum, l'apologetica delle  "Weapons of math destruction”
Credo quia absurdum, l'apologetica delle "Weapons of math destruction” Giuseppe De Nicolao
 
L'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
L'appello per la Scuola PubblicaL'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
L'appello per la Scuola PubblicaGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
L'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
L'appello per la Scuola PubblicaL'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
L'appello per la Scuola PubblicaGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
Dai sistemi di valutazione agli effetti sull'etica dei comportamenti
Dai sistemi di valutazione agli effetti sull'etica dei comportamentiDai sistemi di valutazione agli effetti sull'etica dei comportamenti
Dai sistemi di valutazione agli effetti sull'etica dei comportamentiGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
Terza missione: è lei la prima vittima della "cultura della valutazione"?
Terza missione: è lei la prima vittima della "cultura della valutazione"?Terza missione: è lei la prima vittima della "cultura della valutazione"?
Terza missione: è lei la prima vittima della "cultura della valutazione"?Giuseppe De Nicolao
 
Specializzazione e interdisciplinarità dell’Automatica attraverso la lente di...
Specializzazione e interdisciplinarità dell’Automatica attraverso la lente di...Specializzazione e interdisciplinarità dell’Automatica attraverso la lente di...
Specializzazione e interdisciplinarità dell’Automatica attraverso la lente di...Giuseppe De Nicolao
 
P. Galimberti: Valutazione/classificazione delle riviste scientifiche
P. Galimberti: Valutazione/classificazione delle riviste scientificheP. Galimberti: Valutazione/classificazione delle riviste scientifiche
P. Galimberti: Valutazione/classificazione delle riviste scientificheGiuseppe De Nicolao
 
Finanziamenti alla ricerca e alle università - Legge Stabilità 2017
Finanziamenti alla ricerca e alle università - Legge Stabilità 2017Finanziamenti alla ricerca e alle università - Legge Stabilità 2017
Finanziamenti alla ricerca e alle università - Legge Stabilità 2017Giuseppe De Nicolao
 

More from Giuseppe De Nicolao (20)

I misteri dei dipartimenti di eccellenza: genesi, anatomia, ideologia
I misteri dei dipartimenti di eccellenza: genesi, anatomia, ideologiaI misteri dei dipartimenti di eccellenza: genesi, anatomia, ideologia
I misteri dei dipartimenti di eccellenza: genesi, anatomia, ideologia
 
Roars blob 2021
Roars blob 2021Roars blob 2021
Roars blob 2021
 
Didattica blended: problemi tecnici ed etici
Didattica blended: problemi tecnici ed eticiDidattica blended: problemi tecnici ed etici
Didattica blended: problemi tecnici ed etici
 
La didattica a distanza, aspetti critici, limiti e potenzialità
La didattica a distanza, aspetti critici, limiti e potenzialitàLa didattica a distanza, aspetti critici, limiti e potenzialità
La didattica a distanza, aspetti critici, limiti e potenzialità
 
Più citazioni se volete far carriera! La valutazione della ricerca universitaria
Più citazioni se volete far carriera! La valutazione della ricerca universitariaPiù citazioni se volete far carriera! La valutazione della ricerca universitaria
Più citazioni se volete far carriera! La valutazione della ricerca universitaria
 
Il «fattore umano»ı. Misurare le soft skills
Il «fattore umano»ı. Misurare le soft skillsIl «fattore umano»ı. Misurare le soft skills
Il «fattore umano»ı. Misurare le soft skills
 
State-fostered immaturity? Kant, Galileo and the Grand Evaluator
State-fostered immaturity? Kant, Galileo and the Grand EvaluatorState-fostered immaturity? Kant, Galileo and the Grand Evaluator
State-fostered immaturity? Kant, Galileo and the Grand Evaluator
 
Una rivista ad accesso aperto, senza costi per gli autori e di alta qualità: ...
Una rivista ad accesso aperto, senza costi per gli autori e di alta qualità: ...Una rivista ad accesso aperto, senza costi per gli autori e di alta qualità: ...
Una rivista ad accesso aperto, senza costi per gli autori e di alta qualità: ...
 
Credo quia absurdum, l'apologetica delle "Weapons of math destruction”
Credo quia absurdum, l'apologetica delle  "Weapons of math destruction” Credo quia absurdum, l'apologetica delle  "Weapons of math destruction”
Credo quia absurdum, l'apologetica delle "Weapons of math destruction”
 
L'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
L'appello per la Scuola PubblicaL'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
L'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
 
L'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
L'appello per la Scuola PubblicaL'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
L'appello per la Scuola Pubblica
 
Blob roars 2017
Blob roars 2017Blob roars 2017
Blob roars 2017
 
Eua pfo-report-december-2017
Eua pfo-report-december-2017Eua pfo-report-december-2017
Eua pfo-report-december-2017
 
Big brother is manipulating you
Big brother is manipulating youBig brother is manipulating you
Big brother is manipulating you
 
Dai sistemi di valutazione agli effetti sull'etica dei comportamenti
Dai sistemi di valutazione agli effetti sull'etica dei comportamentiDai sistemi di valutazione agli effetti sull'etica dei comportamenti
Dai sistemi di valutazione agli effetti sull'etica dei comportamenti
 
Terza missione: è lei la prima vittima della "cultura della valutazione"?
Terza missione: è lei la prima vittima della "cultura della valutazione"?Terza missione: è lei la prima vittima della "cultura della valutazione"?
Terza missione: è lei la prima vittima della "cultura della valutazione"?
 
Specializzazione e interdisciplinarità dell’Automatica attraverso la lente di...
Specializzazione e interdisciplinarità dell’Automatica attraverso la lente di...Specializzazione e interdisciplinarità dell’Automatica attraverso la lente di...
Specializzazione e interdisciplinarità dell’Automatica attraverso la lente di...
 
P. Galimberti: Valutazione/classificazione delle riviste scientifiche
P. Galimberti: Valutazione/classificazione delle riviste scientificheP. Galimberti: Valutazione/classificazione delle riviste scientifiche
P. Galimberti: Valutazione/classificazione delle riviste scientifiche
 
Blob Roars 2016
Blob Roars 2016Blob Roars 2016
Blob Roars 2016
 
Finanziamenti alla ricerca e alle università - Legge Stabilità 2017
Finanziamenti alla ricerca e alle università - Legge Stabilità 2017Finanziamenti alla ricerca e alle università - Legge Stabilità 2017
Finanziamenti alla ricerca e alle università - Legge Stabilità 2017
 

Recently uploaded

How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxraviapr7
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 

Recently uploaded (20)

How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quizFinals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
Finals of Kant get Marx 2.0 : a general politics quiz
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptxPrescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
Prescribed medication order and communication skills.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 

Paleari pavia 21apr15

  • 1. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Rector of the University of Bergamo President of the Conference of Italian University Rectors (CRUI) Pavia, 21 Aprile 2015 2015 Pavia PhD Workshop on: «Perspectives for the European Universities: the Role of PhD Research in Society»
  • 2. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Agenda • Be clear at the beginning • Where we are: a call and a commitment • Where we won to be • Which model, which University • A simple story: Higher Education in UK and in Italy • A more general reflection • What about the future of University: o Key messages for policy makers… and questions o Key messages and questions for universities 2
  • 3. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Be clear at the beginning • Universities need to adapt to the society they belong to o Efficiency and sustainability are main issues • In order to participate to the birth of a new university, we need to acknowledge that we are in a context that has dramatically changed in the last years 3
  • 4. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Where we are: a call and a commitment • A call to earth for our policy makers, for our colleagues and for our mass media • A commitment: if we don’t know we don’t talk • We often use to talk about science without a scientific approach 4
  • 5. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari European Higher Education in a nutshell State Total € 2014 Share of GDP 2013 Inflation adj var% (2008-2014) France 20.120** 0,99** +3,9** Germany 26.800* 0,98* +23* Netherlands 3.295 0,54* -0,6 Spain 7.405 0,73* -15 Italy 6.576 0,42* -21 5 Source: EUA public funding observatory. *2013 (2014 n.a.) **2012 (2013 n.a.)
  • 6. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Public budget breakdown of European countries 6 Data in % - Year 2011 General services Defence Public order & safety Economy Environ. House Health Culture & entert. Education Welfare Austria 13.1 1.4 2.9 10.5 1.0 1.2 15.3 2.0 11.0 41.6 Belgium 15.0 1.8 3.4 12.3 1.4 0.7 14.8 2.4 11.6 36.6 France 11.5 3.2 3.1 6.3 1.9 3.4 14.7 2.5 10.8 42.6 Germany 13.6 2.4 3.5 7.8 1.5 1.2 15.5 1.8 9.4 43.3 Greece 24.6 4.6 3.3 6.2 1.0 0.4 11.6 1.2 7.9 39.3 Ireland 11.4 0.9 3.7 16.4 2.1 1.3 15.6 1.8 10.9 35.9 Italy 17.3 3.0 4.0 7.1 1.8 1.4 14.7 1.1 8.5 41.0 Luxemburg 11.4 1.0 2.5 9.9 2.8 1.8 11.4 4.0 12.1 43.2 Netherlands 11.2 2.7 4.2 10.9 3.3 1.2 17.0 3.5 11.6 34.5 Norway 9.7 3.6 2.2 9.6 1.5 1.6 16.5 2.9 12.6 39.8 Spain 12.5 2.3 4.8 11.6 2.1 1.3 14.1 3.3 10.5 37.4 Sweden 14.4 2.9 2.7 8.2 0.7 1.5 13.7 2.2 13.3 40.5 Switzerland 9.9 2.9 5.0 13.7 2.3 0.6 6.1 2.6 17.9 39.0 U.K. 11.6 5.1 5.3 5.3 2.0 1.8 16.5 2.1 13.4 36.8 U.S.A. 12.4 11.7 5.5 9.4 0.0 2.1 21.4 0.7 15.5 21.3 OCSE 13.6 3.6 3.9 10.5 1.6 1.6 14.5 2.7 12.5 35.6 Source: Il Sole 24 Ore, 15 novembre 2013
  • 7. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Diverging funding policies on HE 7 Source: Donina et al. (2014). Reprocessing EUA’s Public Funding Observatory and Word Bank Statistics Country Funding 2012 - (mln €) Population 2011 ('000) Funding per citizen Change 2008- 2012 Change 2008-2012 Inflation-adjusted Norway 3.621 4.953 731 22,0% 21,0% Sweden 6.235 9.449 660 22,0% 21,0% Germany 24.900 81.798 304 23,0% 20,0% France 19.800 65.434 303 8,8% 6,4% Iceland 87 319 273 13,0% 7,2% Ireland 1.236 4.576 270 -20,0% -21,0% Austria 2.169 8.424 257 15,0% 13,0% Netherland 3.232 16.693 194 10,0% 7,5% Spain* 7.258 46.175 157 -9,5% -11,0% UK 9.815 62.744 156 -10,0% -13,0% Italy 6.633 60.724 109 -12,0% -14,0% Croatia 369 4.403 84 5,3% 1,8% Slovakia 447 5.398 83 2,1% -1,5% Poland* 3.015 38.534 78 12,0% 8,6% Czech Republic 802 10.496 76 -14,0% -17,0% Lithuania 189 3.030 62 -19,0% -22,0% Portugal 602 10.557 57 -1,5% -4,1% Hungary 542 9.972 54 -20,0% -24,0% Greece 200 11.300 18 -25,0% -25,0% Belgium - French Community 585 n.a. 0 19,0% 16,0%
  • 8. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari What are the public funding modalities? 8 Source: Estermann (2014),
  • 9. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Where we won to be 9
  • 10. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Massification of HE 10 Population share that attained tertiary education by age (2011) Source: OECD, Education at a glance, 2013 • The share of youth who attain HE is increased worldwide 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Korea Japan Canada Ireland United… Norway Luxembourg NewZealand Israel Australia UnitedStates France Sweden Belgium Chile Switzerland Netherlands Finland Iceland Poland Spain Estonia OECDaverage Denmark EU21average Slovenia Greece Hungary Germany Portugal Slovak… Czech… Mexico Austria Italy Turkey 25-34 years old 55-64 years old
  • 11. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari “The world is going to university” (Economist, March 2015) 11 • The global tertiary-enrolment ratio—the share of the student- age population at university—went up from 14% to 32% in the two decades to 2012 • University enrolment is growing faster even than demand for that ultimate consumer good, the car • The hunger for degrees is understandable: these days they are a requirement for a decent job and an entry ticket to the middle class Source: Economist, March 28th, 2015
  • 12. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari The world is asking research and top universities 12 Nowadays policymakers are increasingly focusing public resources on a few privileged institutions, intensifying the competition to create world-class universities “Everyone wants one [world class university], no one knows what it is, and no one knows how to get one” Philip Altbach Director of the Center for International Higher Education in the Lynch School of Education at Boston College
  • 13. The Future of HE in Europe17.05.2015 Politicians love the university rankings We would maximize the competitive position of a group of leading Russian universities in the global research and education market through the “Project 5-100” (a campaign to help propel 5 Russian institutions into the top 100 of the global rankings) Alexander Povalko, Deputy Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation It is time to transform Japanese universities to world universities so they can be placed within the top ranking Hakubun Shimomura, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan Our universities are also climbing up the international rankings. Four French institutions are among the top 100 in the Shanghai Ranking and we’re told there will soon be five. These rankings matter, of course. François Hollande, President of the French Republic 13
  • 14. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Which model, which University 14
  • 15. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Satisfying the demand: EU or US model? 15 European model • The leading approach is that of state funding and provision, in which most institutions have equal resources and status. Anglosaxon model • A more market-based model, of mixed private-public funding and provision, with brilliant, well-funded institutions at the top and poorer ones at the bottom The world is moving toward the Anglosaxon model: Is it worth?
  • 16. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Higher education is only research? Research side: • In 2014, 19 of the 20 universities in the world that produced the most highly cited research papers were American. Education side: • American graduates score poorly in international numeracy and literacy rankings, and are worsening. 45% of American students made no gains in their first two years of university • Tuition fees have nearly doubled, in real terms, in 20 years • Student debt, at nearly $1.2 trillion, has surpassed credit-card debt and car loans The dark side of «rankings»… 16
  • 17. The Future of HE in Europe17.05.2015 Are University rankings a ruin? We need to start with a rich and credible data system before we leap into some sort of artificial ranking system that, frankly, would have all kinds of unintended consequences. Margaret Spellings, U.S. Secretary of Education The system of evaluating professors and academic institutions creates perverse incentives which undermine the quality of education and encourage and enable fraud. Wu Se-hwa 吳思華, Ministry of Education of Taiwan Forget ranking; serious education issues deserve more attention. Youth are growing up without practical life skills. Gaylod Avedi, Chairman of Vihiga County Education Board 17
  • 18. The Future of HE in Europe17.05.2015 Is this a sustainable model? 18 University of California (Berkeley)
  • 19. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari A simple story: Higher Education in UK and in Italy 19 HE a.y. 2012/13 Italy (€) UK (£) Total income (mln) 12.894,7 29.001,3 Total expenditure (mln) 12.145,0 27.941,5 Sources: ANVUR (2014) HESA website The UK system cost three times the Italian one: please stop operating on a shoestring
  • 20. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Italy vs Uk: number of Universities 20 2012/13 Italy UK Total 96 161 Public 67 160 Private (excluding telematic universities) 18 1 Telematic universities 11 (private) 1 (public) Are there in Italy too many Universities?
  • 21. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Italy vs. UK: institutional size 21 UK a.y. 2012/13 Public Private Long-distance Learning (Public) Total 160 1 1 Mega univ 1 1 Big univ 42 Medium univ 56 Small univ 61 1 Italy a.y. 2012/13 Atenei Statali Atenei non Statali Tradizionali Long-distance Learning (Private) Total 66 18 11 Mega univ 11 Big univ 17 1 Medium univ 17 1 1 Small univ 21 16 10 Mega univ: Students > 40.000; Big univ: 20.000<students< 40.000; Medium univ: 10.000<students< 20.000; Small univ: Students < 10.000 Fonte: Elaborazione su dati Statistica MIUR Fonte: HESA website Are the Italian Universities too small?
  • 22. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Italy vs. UK: funding system 22 Can Italy and Europe afford the UK trend?
  • 23. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari A more general reflection 23
  • 24. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Is the “dual” society coming? • We are moving towards a so-called “dual” society • Using the words of Marc Augé: 24 on the one hand • an oligarchy of power • an oligarchy of money • an oligarchy of knowledge and on the other a mass of “excluded”
  • 25. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Dual society or free lunch society? 1/3 • Dual Society (1% Society) o Competitiveness based solely on excellence o An intensive logic: Resources concentrated on few people and few initiatives o A diverging HE system: a system for the genes or the elects on the one side; and a less-qualified system for the others o A compassionate system of charity emulating an accessibility system 25
  • 26. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Dual society or free lunch society? 2/3 • The “free-lunch” Society o Society based exclusively on rights and not on duties o An “artificially-equal” system: equal from the legal point of view, but not substantially o Final result is that the average quality decreases 26
  • 27. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Dual society or free lunch society? 3/3 • Is Knowledge Society coherent with the Dual Society model? • Is the “free-lunch” Society sustainable from an economic and an anthropologic point of view? • Is a more realistic approach feasible? 27
  • 28. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari What about the future of University 28
  • 29. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Key messages for policy makers (1/2) • Be clear about aims and purposes • Evaluate which aims can be best achieved through which measure • Consult on the choice of indicators/objectives • Minimise administrative effort for the measurement and generation/collection of data o Time spent for administrative and bureaucratic jobs is without value added 29 Source: Estermann (2014),
  • 30. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Which goal has to be persuited? 30 Source: Estermann (2014), EUA funding forum Bergamo.
  • 31. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Key messages for policy makers (2/2) • Watch out for conflicting goals and indicators • Avoid indicators on which HEIs have little influence • Be careful for possible unintended consequences and impacts of policy choices 31
  • 32. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Does HE decrease Social inequalities? • In some cases, are new HE funding policies increasing social inequalities? o In some countries as the US, the new model is forcing students to run up huge debts to afford to obtain an academic qualification ˗ What will it happen in countries which are on the same path (i.e., UK)? o Are we going towards a society that the philosopher Marc Augé called ‘dual society’, or that we can call ‘1% society’? ˗ Competitiveness based solely on excellence ˗ An intensive logic: Resources concentrated on few people and few initiatives ˗ A diverging HE system: a system for the genes or the elects on the one side; and a less-qualified system for the others ˗ A compassionate system of charity emulating an accessibility system 32
  • 33. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari A new model of university? • Who should bear the cost of higher education? o New funding models for the sustainability of the system o A variety of funding models would facilitate the creation of an university “ecosystem”  Evolution of higher education institutions to be more responsive to the needs of different stakeholders  Possible response to the increased cost of higher education 33 'Classic' State University 80% 20% Private model (teaching) 20% 50% - - 30% Hybrid Model 50% 50% Overheads Contracts Sources Public funding Students Overhead EU projects “Fund raising”
  • 34. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari …bring to new issues: Who pays for whom? • International students are precious assets for European universities • BUT is it worthy that EU taxpayers in some EU countries are funding o Non-EU student’s education o EU students that will work in a non-EU country • Some issues for the European policy makers o Are they aware of the problem? o Are current national welfare state compatible with a global market for HE? 34
  • 35. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Key messages for universities 1/2 • To the policy makers: no input, no output 35 Source: Estermann (2014)
  • 36. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Key messages for universities 2/2 • Get involved in the design of the funding scheme • Identify their own priorities and develop an institutional strategy • Establish strong internal QA mechanisms and foster quality culture • Set up internal funding allocation schemes based on institutional priorities (may differ from the external one) • If applicable, try to align the performance contract with your institutional priorities 36 Source: Estermann (2014)
  • 37. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Open issues and proposals: Changing status • Is this new idea of society still compatible with the idea of public servants/employees? o Being paid by the government does not make an employee a public servant! • Support the average quality and excellence at the same time • Is the current legal status coherent with the goals of sustainability and diversification of university funding sources? 37
  • 38. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari Open issues: specialties and commodities • What are commodities and specialties in HE? ˗ Undergraduates are "commodity" and graduates are "specialty"? ˗ Frontal lessons are speciality or commodity? The role of Moocs • Can commodities be outsourced? o Why do universities pay for tutors, teaching how to solve very standard exercises that can easily be found on the web? o Can this resources be used to augment scholarships? o Can this resources be used to invest in a course that provides high value added? 38
  • 39. The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond Stefano Paleari The Future of Universities in Europe and beyond • The Universities are the new “wealth of Nations” • The model of University is also the model of society that we won to build up: excellence and/or average quality • The landscape will change (mobility, resource scarsity, high skill workers, ecc.) and we have to change with it • My best wishes to the Rectors for the forthcoming years…….. 39

Editor's Notes

  1. International patterns and trends in funding policies, with particular attention to performance - oriented funding?
  2. Ok
  3. Ok
  4. Does classifying universities in rankings really contribute to consolidate the identity of the society or create dualism?
  5. L’attuale assetto giurifico istituzionale è coerente con gli obiettivi di sostenibilità e diverso finanziamentro unibetsiytario