3. Main features (copy this )
To allow religious
toleration
Freedom of spech and
press
Right to hold private
property
Foster the arts, sciences
and education
King ruled by birth and
they refused to grant
constitutions
4. More characteristics (copy this)
Reformist politics such
as:
Rationalization of the
administration of State
Liberation of the
production and trade
Modernitation of the
agriculture
Educational reform
Manofacturing
developments
5. Effects of the Enlightenment
England
Civil war and establishment of a limited
monarchy
Anger in the colonies because they are treated
differently than "mother England"
France
No immediate change but seething discontent
that will lead to revolution
Other countries
Attempts to adopt Enlightenment principles
6. Enlightened Despots
Frederick II of Prussia (r. 1740-
1786)
Rebelled against father
Later developed finest army
Built Sans Souci (Potsdam)
Invited Voltaire to the court
7. Enlightened Despots
Catherine the Great of
Russia (r. 1762-1796)
German born wife of Czar Peter
III
Controlled government after
Peter III’s accidental(?) death
Increased European culture in
Russia
Peasant Reforms
Territorial Expansion
Corresponded with Diderot
8. Enlightened Despots
Gustav III of Sweden (r.
1771-1792)
Forced Parliament to accept
new constitution
Stimulated literature
Charles III of Spain (r.
1759-1788)
Bourbon family
Improved life for Spanish
Suppressed Jesuits
9. Maria Theresa and Joseph II of Austria
(r. 1740-1780)
16 children
Built Schönbrunn
Economic reforms
Limited power of the Pope
Reduced power of the lords
Joseph abolished serfdom
Poland divided
10. Enlightened Despots vs. Absolute Rulers
Focused(insistió) on Reluctant to
improving country change
Economic
Economic reform disasters
Dictated
Sought advise
11. Independence War
The American Revolution:
Organized, popular
opposition to an unjust
government
British government not
acting in the interest of the
people
Protests, riots, crowd
action used to defend an
emerging common interest
English in origin, but
adopted by American
colonists
12. No Taxation without
Representation!
Colonists were not
represented in
Parliament, therefore
shouldn’t be taxed
Riots and protests as
popular forms of social
contract theory
Spread via newspapers,
pamphlets and
broadsides
Created an organized,
slowly unified popular
movement
13. State Constitutions
Republicanism.
Most had strong governors
with veto power.
Most had bicameral
legislatures.
Property required for voting.
Some had universal white
male suffrage.
Most had bills of rights.
Many had a continuation of
state-established religions
while others disestablished
religion.
14. Failure of Revolution:
Counter-revolutionary in
many ways
A device for establishing
a virtuous republican
government over a
population of less than
virtuous people.
The voice of the people
replaced by representative
democracy
Right to vote guaranteed
to select few
African slaves, women,
native Americans and
some poor whites failed to
secure the freedoms and
liberties that they had
fought and died for.
15. On July 4, 1776 they drafted
(ratificaron) the Declaration of
Independence (copy)
It was written by
Thomas Jefferson
This statement
expressed the
principles of that
revolution
The right of all
persons to liberty
Pursuit of Happiness
Defense of
“inalienable rights”
16. The Constitution (copy this)
The text ensured:
The separation and the
balance of the powers
Executive
Legislative
Judicial
Established a republican form
of the government
Its state would have federal
structure
It guaranteed rights and
freedoms (religion, life,
property,liberty
The federal government was
responsable for foreign
affairs,defense,finance and
currency
17. WAR OF SUCCESION
In 1700, Charles II, the
last Spanish monarch of
the House of Habsburg,
died without issue
He bequeaths his
possessions to Philip,
grandson of his half-
sisterand King Louis XIV
of France.
The war was centered in
Spain and West-Central
Europe
The war was concluded by
the treaties of Utrecht
(1713) and Rastatt (1714).
As a result, Philip V
remained King of Spain
but was removed from the
French line of succession,
averting a union of the
two kingdoms. The
Austrians gained most of
the Spanish territories in
18. Nueva Planta decrees
These acts constituted
the first realization of
Spain as a centralized
country.
Courts were abolished
except Castilla
Court cases could only
be presented and
argued in Castilian .
Abolishing the
Parliament
The viceroy is replaced
by a General Master.
A new territorial
organitation appear
19. Territorial uniformism
The territory was
divided into provinces
ruled by a governor
called General Captain
Courts were created
to control Justice
Sheriffs were
nominated to rule the
towns
Taxex were collected
by intendants
20. The bourbon Reformism
There were cimportants
followers of the
Enlightenment such as
Marques de la Ensenada,
Floridablanca…
Tne conservatism of the
intellectual classes and
the importance of the
catholic church made it
difficult for the
Enlightenment ideas to
become widespread
21. Esquilache´s riot
It happened in Madrid in
1776
Esquilache prohibited the
wearing of long coats
and broad-cap hats
because there were too
many crimes,so
imposed wearing shorter
coats
It is believed that the riot
was instigated by
conservatives and the
increase in the price of
wheat
22. The growth of XVII
Spain was a rural
and estated country
Agriculture was poor
and Nobility
controlled the land
This reforms
improved the situation
Population and
agriculture production
increased
23. Reforms
The liberation of trade
allowed for the spread of
commercial companies
Crown manofacures
were created
Private manofactures
were protected
Duties protected our
products
Problems : Nobody
wanted to change the
agricultural structure
