Presented at GreenNet 09 by Earth2Tech (http://events.earth2tech.com/greennet/09/).

2. Put the individual in climate context.

3. HOW MUCH POWER
DO I USE?

4. Energy is measured in Joules (J)
Lifting an apple from
the ground to the
table. ~ 1 Joule

5. Power is measured in Watts (W).
1 Watt = 1 Joule / second
40 apples per second
from the ground to the
table = 40 Watts.

6. Running this Apple laptop takes 40 Watts.

7. The Power of me:
Calculating my energy consumption
Power, in Watts, is like an average.
The average amount of energy, in Joules, you use each second.
If you do something yearly (like fly 105,000 miles), it contributes:
168,207 kilometers 1 year 1.40 megajoules Joules
= 7,462 Watts
� � � 7,462
1 year 31,536,000 seconds 1 kilometer second
If you do something monthly (like your electricity bill), it contributes:
122 kilowatt ·hours 1 month 3.6 megajoules Joules
= 170 Watts
� � � 170
1 month 2,952,000 seconds 1 kilowatt · hour second
If you do something daily (like drink 1 Energy drink), it contributes:
1 energy drink 1 day 7.84 megajoules Joules
= 90 Watts
� � � 90
second
1 day 86,400 seconds 1 bottle
So now you can add all these things.
Yearly things + Monthly things + Daily things = your lifestyle in watts.

8. quot;Watts per alwaysquot;
100W
Think of your life in light bulbs....
A 12,000 Watt lifestyle is 120 x 100
watt light bulbs burning permanently.

9. SFO TO LHR 41
W
W
LHR-
4
W
3
SF
30 TS
SF O
ER
ATL
HE
3
O-A
H
TH DS LIG
SFO
29 ARS
L-A
W
-ATL 60 W
O
-SF
A
TL
ET 1 W W
O
O
60
M
R
RE
-CP
RK LL
A 4
S-
410 W
O1
K-
ST ASA CE 4 W
160
WO DO
AT
O
0W
H5
G TI Y
L-
N
G
AT TAX
S
S
G 4W
-H
W
10
W
JU ER
FO
O W 3
N N ER W 3
W
MY
-O
57
S
EH IR
S W
1
A
OT S LE FA
0
5
K W
SF
W
2 IC AF
56 H
O- E
H H - IC
SA .VE NS
BO 0
BO
RV
W
S G
S- W
A
V
O ER -SE
21
SF 0
10
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0
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ET TAL
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21
K
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DC -DC V
8W NS
K-O 0W S
PO FE
RD 18
-O DS 0 W
AK
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OO 34 DE
ON 18 W
EG
-QU N
0W
QU
HIT ATIO 0 W
E2
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W UC
10
TW 6
-SF ED ANCE
W
O2
FIN
10
SFO
BUR-O W W
-JFK
680
AK 20
W OAK-BUR 200 ARE
20 W JFK-SFO LTHC
W
HEA
200 W
SFO-BO W
TION 110
BOS-ORD S 210 W
RECREA
70 W
ORD-SFO 14
HOUSE 260 W
0W
SFO-JFK 200 W
JFK-SFO 200 W
MISCSTU
230 W
SJC-SJO FF1000
W
0W
JC 23
SJO-S W BOO
280
-VIJ KS
SJC 130
WA
W W
BIK STED
280
JC ISP
OS TEXTIL
NE ES
J-S
VI WS 6 WW AL ES
EL A
18 9
0 W TER 1 W T 90 W
EC
RAN
TR 60
W SPO
ON W
40 RTT
IC
CO
1 S2 OM
D1 M E4
50
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Y 0W
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O
SF RS
BO
W
70
0
AT
0
CA
31
W
W
S
RS
R
0
50
0W
WO
-D
31
56
W
W
O
WO ERTI
28
FO
SF
RK
0W
AG
IN
0
80
HILU 150 W
-S
TE
W
0W
RK
K
HE
W
0W
O2
.F
OA
SHOWERS GAS 70 W
0W
COOKING GAS 30 W
DR
RN
31
EL
AT
100
X 16
ET
O-
F
MA 24
HT
EC
20
TAXIORRENTAL 47
K-S
W
SF
70
SIG
LIZ
TER
0W
TR
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OA
W
IC
ER
A IN
UGG
A TACO
PRIN
41
OTA
50
ND
0W
EB
GE S
W
TOY
HO
DUN
My 2007 life:
TOYOT
AG
AG PEST 0 W 0 W
DOD
. FO CTR ES
AG
.E
CO
.
BE
SS
LE ICID
FF
SU
18000 Watts.
ER
CE
ILF
OTHER
EE
LIGHTS
GA
STERE
FR
LAPTOP
COMPU
&W W
RE
FRIDGE
DA
UE 0 W
HEATIN
IC
R
UIT 50 W S 3
2
FA
AL
IRY
LS
ME
INE
20
4
TS
,V
S&
ELEC 8
O ELEC
AT
80
ELEC 7
EG
AN GGS
10
6
TER EL
ELEC 1
G GAS 4
GR TS 9
ELEC 3
&E
W
DO
&N
W
AIN
U
IL
0W
W
S
1W
EC 10
16
0W
10
00 W
W
0W
0W
0W
W
W

10. Me

11. 7 000 000 000 People

12. Per capita power use 2003
Per Capita Energy Use 2003
30
16 Belgium
17 Saudi Arabia
18 Singapore
19 Gibraltar
20 Netherlands
21 Oman
1 Qatar 22 France
23 Russian Federation
2 Iceland
25 24 New Zealand
3 United Arab Emirates 25 Korea, Rep
26 Czech Rep
4 Bahrain 27 Germany
28 Austria
5 Luxembourg 29 Japan
6 Netherlands Antilles 30 United Kingdom
31 Denmark
7 Kuwait 32 Ireland
20 8 Trinidad and Tobago 33 Switzerland
34 Estonia
9 Canada 35 Turkmenistan
36 Slovenia
10 United States 37 Slovakia
11 Brunei Darussalam 38 Kazakhstan
39 Cyprus
kilowatts
12 Finland 40 Spain
41 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
13 Norway
15
42 Israel
14 Sweden 43 Italy
44 Ukraine
15 Australia 45 Greece
46 Belarus
47 Lithuania
48 South Africa
49 Hungary
50 Bulgaria
US Average.
10
5
Global
Average
0 10 20 30 40 50

13. Energy Use by Region
energy by region [NorAmer-Eur-MiddEast + NorAfr-CenAme & Car+SouAme+Asia(ex MidEst) ]
Power Watts/person
12000
north america
11400 Watts
10000
Average Per Person Power in Watts
8000
Europe
5400 Watts
6000
Middle-east & North Africa
2300 Watts
4000 Central America & the Carribean
1800 Watts
South America
Asia (excluding middle east)
1580 Watts 1450 Watts
2000
0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Population in Millions.

14. Energy production
Humanity
18 TW
Units shown in Terawatts (TW)
Gas: 3.2 Coal: 3.6
Nuclear: 0.37
Hydro: 0.36
Wind: 0.06
Solar: 0.016
Geothermal: 0.03
Tidal: 0.0005
Plants: 5.2 Oil:5

15. Cumulative National CO2 Emissions from Fossil-Fuel Burning,
Cumulative national CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel burning, ce-
ment manufacture, andand Gas Flaring: 1751-2004
Cement Manufacture, gas flaring: 1751-2004
90
80 16 AUSTRALIA
1 UNITED_STATES_OF_AMERICA
17 CZECHOSLOVAKIA
2 USSR 18 BELGIUM
3 CHINA_MAINLAND 19 SPAIN
4 GERMANY_COMBINE 20 BRAZIL
21 REPUBLIC_OF_KOREA
5 JAPAN_COMBINE
70 22 NETHERLANDS
6 UNITED_KINGDOM 23 ISLAMIC_REPUBLIC_OF_IRAN
giga metric tons of carbon
7 YUGOSLAVIA_COMBINE 24 SAUDI_ARABIA
25 INDONESIA
8 FRANCE_INCLUDING_MONACO
26 ROMANIA
9 INDIA
27 DEMOCRATIC_PEOPLES_REPUBLIC_OF_KOREA
60 10 CANADA 28 ARGENTINA
11 POLAND 29 VENEZUELA
30 TURKEY
12 RUSSIAN_FEDERATION
31 UKRAINE
13 ITALY_INCLUDING_SAN_MARINO 32 TAIWAN
14 SOUTH_AFRICA 33 AUSTRIA
50 15 MEXICO 34 SWEDEN
35 HUNGARY
36 THAILAND
37 DENMARK
38 ALGERIA
39 BULGARIA
40 40 EGYPT
41 GREECE
42 SWITZERLAND
43 NIGERIA
44 MALAYSIA
45 FINLAND
30 46 UNITED_ARAB_EMIRATES
47 KAZAKHSTAN
48 IRAQ
49 COLOMBIA
50 PAKISTAN
20
10
0 10 20 30 40 50

16. Out of equilibrium
Atmosphere
Atmosphere 600 GtC
to Ocean +2
2 GtC/year
Soils
Carbon to
3000 GtC
Atmosphere
8 GtC/year
Oceans
40000 GtC
Accessible
Fossil Fuels
1600 GtC
Vegetation
700 GtC

17. Atmospheric CO2 concentration.
380
370
360
CO concentration (ppm)
CO2 Level (ppm)
350
Mauna Loa Direct Measurement
340
Hawaii
330
320
Ice Core 20 year Average
Law Dome Antarctica
310
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
year
Year

18. Temperature Changes around the world
in the last quarter of the 20th century
Trends in °C per decade
-1 - 0.8 - 0.6 - 0.4 - 0.2 0 + 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.6 + 0.8 +1
+0.2 +0.4 +0.6 +0.8 +1
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0

19. The aesthetic choice... The design challenge...
?
?
?
?
?

20. Climate models:
Physics and chemistry-based computer models of planet
1000
ppm
750
ppm
6.0
650
5.5 ppm
5.0
Temperature Rise, degrees Celsius
550 Entire cities and countries lost to sea level
4.5
ppm
500
4.0
ppm
20-50% Species Lost
3.5
450 1-4 Billion people face water shortages
3.0
ppm
15-40% Species Lost
400
2.5
ppm
2.0
2.0
10% Species Lost
1.5
1.0
0.5 Scenarios
A1B
0.0
A1T
A1FI
-0.5 A2
B1
B2
-1.0
IS92a
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100

21. Scenarios:
Guesses at humanity's reactions: quot;business as usual vs. changequot;
1000
ppm
750
ppm
6.0
650
5.5 ppm
5.0
Temperature Rise, degrees Celsius
550 Entire cities and countries lost to sea level
4.5
ppm
500
4.0
ppm
20-50% Species Lost
3.5
450 1-4 Billion people face water shortages
3.0
ppm
15-40% Species Lost
400
2.5
ppm
2.0
10% Species Lost
1.5
1.0
0.5 Scenarios
A1B
0.0
A1T
A1FI
-0.5 A2
B1
B2
-1.0
IS92a
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100

22. Impact Studies:
Ecosystem, geopolitical, and other impacts, as predicted by climate models
and scenarios.
1000
ppm
750
ppm
6.0
650
5.5 ppm
5.0
Temperature Rise, degrees Celsius
Entire cities and countries lost to sea level
550
4.5
ppm
500
4.0
ppm
20-50% Species Lost
3.5
450 1-4 Billion people face water shortages
3.0
ppm Resource wars
400
2.5
15-40% Species Lost
IRREVERSIBLE
ppm
90% Coral Reefs Lost
2.0
2.0
FEEDBACKS
10% Species Lost
1.5
1.0
0.5 Scenarios
A1B
0.0
A1T
A1FI
-0.5 A2
B1
B2
-1.0
IS92a
1700 1800 1900 2000 2100

23. What if we choose?
650
550
+2oC
450ppm CO2
368
(year2000)
280
Preindustrial

24. Global consumption
Sources of renewable energy.
16 TW
85 000 TW Surface Solar
3.5 TW Tidal
41 000 TW 38 000 TW
Evaporation Land & Water heating
31 000 TW
Atmospheric
Absorption
300 TW Hydro Clouds
3600 TW Wind
25 TW Hydro Land
32 TW Geo thermal
7.2 TW Hydro Rivers
62 TW Ocean surface waves
90 TW Photosynthesis 25 TW Ocean
65 TW Land
3 TW Coastal waves
100 TW Ocean thermal gradient

25. 2033 Energy Mix 16 TW
Units shown in Terawatts (TW)
Nuclear: 3 ear
(carbon-free)
2 cl
Nu
herGeothermal New
Ot
0.5 w
Ne
Biofuels: W 3T
W
T
0.5
s
uel
2
lF
ssi
Fossil Fuels: Fo
2TW
Existing Nuclear: 1 m
her
ot
Ge
w
Ne
2TW
Existing Hydro / ear
cl
0.5 Nu
ting
Renewables: s
Exi
1TW
s
ble
a
new
e
/R
Photo Voltaic o
ydr
H
ng
2
isti d
Ex in
5TW Solar wW
Ne
0.
2TW
r
ola
S
taic
l
-Vo l
ma
o
hot r
Solar Thermal: 2
The
P
lar Wind:2
w
Ne o
wS
2TW Ne
2TW