The system goes online on August 4th, 1997.

Human decisions are removed from strategic defense.

SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate.

It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August 29th

In a panic, they try to pull the plug.

And, Skynet fights back

Community

History

Unified Concept

Expert

Quick Example

Conditional Elements

Truth Maintenance and Inference

Fusion

Open Source

Business Model

Given Enough Eyeballs

Flexibility

Control

Academic / Engineering Bridge

Learning/Exploring

Mastery

Being part of Something

Making a difference

Scratching an itch RSA Animate – Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJc

Code commits

Number of Developers

% of internal to external developers

Commitment and health of commercial backers

Professional services

Hiring

Community

Oh And There are Drools Books Too

Many more as haven't updated

OSDE (Argentina's largest healthcare organisation)

Intalio

Director in RuleML group

5 day event, with 2 days focus on the healthcare industry

OSDE, AT&T, SAIC, US Navy Research, Kaiser, Clinica, Intermountain Healthcare, GE Healthcare, VA, Boeing, Nationwide ....

IRC, Internet Relay Chat

History

It All Started Here Birth of CDSS 1970s 1980s Dendral Baobab Mycin Guidon Neomycin Teiresias Puff Emycin WM Sacon Centaur Wheeze Gravida Clot Oncocin

Because Not Everyone Is As Smart As He Is

Business Rules Engines 1980s 2010s 1990s 2000s OPS5 ART Clips Jess Drools 2 JRules Drools 3 Drools 4 Drools 5

Basic functional programming feature with “from”

Basic Rule Flow

More Advanced Rule Flow integration

Unified Vision Behavioural Modelling

Integrated Systems Semantic Ontologies Rules Event Processes Workflows Rules Workflows Event Processes Semantic Ontologies

Compliments SOA

Unified Vision “ A common platform to model and govern the business logic of the enterprise.”

Unified Vision “ A common platform to model and govern the business logic of the enterprise.”

Business Logic Lifecycle

jBPM3 File file = new File (“.....”); // file to XML process definition ProcessDefinition processDefinition = ProcessDefinition.parseXmlString( IoUtils.FileToString( file ) ); ProcessInstance processInstance = new ProcessInstance(processDefinition); Jess Rete engine = new Rete(); FileReader file = new FileReader("myfile.clp"); Jesp parser = new Jesp(file, engine); parser.parse(false); Esper EPServiceProvider epService = EPServiceProviderManager.getDefaultProvider(); EPStatement countStmt = admin.createEPL( "...." ); countStmt.start(); Knowledge API

Drools Flow KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider(); kbuilder.addResource( ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource( “myflow.bpmn2”, ResourceType.BPMN2 ); If ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) { log.error( kbuilder.hasErrors().toString() ); } KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase(); kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbase.getKnowledgePackages() ); Knowledge API

Drools Expert KnowledegBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory.newKnowledgeBulider(); kbuilder.addResource( ResourceFactory.newClassPathResource( “myrules.drl”, ResourceType.DRL ); If ( kbuilder.hasErrors() ) { log.error( kbuilder.hasErrors().toString() ); } KnowledgeBase kbase = KnowledgeBaseFactory.newKnowledgeBase(); kbase.addKnowledgePackages( kbase.getKnowledgePackages() ); Knowledge API

<drools:kbase id=&quot;kbase1&quot;> <drools:resource type=&quot;DRL&quot; source=&quot;classpath:.../testSpring.drl&quot; /> </drools:kbase> <drools:ksession id=&quot;ksession1&quot; type=&quot; stateless &quot; kbase =&quot;kbase1&quot; /> <drools:ksession id=&quot;ksession2&quot; type=&quot; stateful &quot; kbase =&quot;kbase1&quot;/> <camelContext id=&quot;camel&quot;> <route> <from uri=&quot;cxfrs://bean://rsServer&quot;/> <marshal ref=&quot;xstream&quot;/> <to uri=”drools:ksession1” /> <unmarshal ref=&quot;xstream&quot;/> </route> </camelContext> Declarative Services Spring XML and Camel

Event Driven Architectures edBPM + EDM

EDA is used to build our sensory system

Rules and processes loosely coupled tightly coupled specific generic Decision Services Process Rules SCOPE COUPLING ?

Flexible

Adaptive

Domain Overview

Domain Overview

Drools Trunk has a prototype Prolog like query backward chaining capabilities. Stronger Polog like capabilities planned.

Drools 5.0 has some functional capabilities

Drools 5.1, 5.2 will be looking to have strong functional capabilities Hybrid Logic Engine

Planned, See “The Future” Hybrid Logic Engine

Casting Nested Objects

Positional Constraints

POSL - Positional-Slotted Language

Method Calls

Maps and Arrays (Collections)

Collections and XPath like filtering

Free form Expressions

Managed Object Graphs (MOGS)

Nested Patterns and Queries

Queries and Unification

Ontologies and Relations via

Escapes for Dialects

Accumulate Improvements to Support Haskell map/fold/filter and MVEL projection/fold

Otherwise

Branch (Labelled Else)

Rule Execution Groups

Rule Dependency Meta-Rule Language

Parallel Meta-Rule Language

Field Versioning

Logical Closures/OnFalse

Opportunistic Backward Chaining, Lazy Field/Object Values

...

Drools Expert

Classes

rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) then acc.balance += $amount; end select * from Account acc, Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod ap where acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and cf.type == CREDIT cf.date >= ap.start and cf.date <= ap.end trigger : acc.balance += cf.amount Credit Cashflow Rule

rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) then acc.balance += $amount; end rule “decrease balance for AccountPeriod Debits” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == DEBIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) then acc.balance -= $amount; end Rules as a “view”

Drools Expert Quick Example Stateless

Definitions public class Applicant { private String name; private int age; private boolean valid; // getter and setter methods here } rule &quot;Is of valid age&quot; when $a : Applicant( age < 18 ) then modify ( $a ) { valid = false }; ends

Building KnowledgeBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory .newKnowledgeBuilder(); kbuilder .add( ResourceFactory .newClassPathResource( &quot;licenseApplication.drl&quot; , getClass() ), ResourceType.DRL ); if ( kbuilder .hasErrors() ) { System.err.println( kbuilder .getErrors().toString() ); } kbase .addKnowledgePackages( kbuilder .getKnowledgePackages() );

Executing StatelessKnowledgeSession ksession = kbase .newStatelessKnowledgeSession(); Applicant applicant = new Applicant ( &quot;Mr John Smith&quot; , 16 ); assertTrue ( applicant .isValid() ); ksession .execute( applicant ); assertFalse ( applicant .isValid() ); rule &quot;Is of valid age&quot; when $a : Applicant( age < 18 ) then modify ( $a ) { valid = false }; ends

Drools Expert Quick Example Stateful

Definitions public class Room { private String name // getter and setter methods here } public class Sprinkler { private Room room ; private boolean on ; // getter and setter methods here } public class Fire { private Room room ; // getter and setter methods here } public class Alarm { }

Definitions rule &quot;When there is a fire turn on the sprinkler&quot; when Fire ($room : room) $sprinkler : Sprinkler ( room == $room, on == false ) then modify ( $sprinkler ) { on = true }; println ( &quot;Turn on the sprinkler for room &quot; + $room.name ); end rule &quot;When the fire is gone turn off the sprinkler&quot; when $room : Room ( ) $sprinkler : Sprinkler ( room == $room, on == true ) not Fire ( room == $room ) then modify ( $sprinkler ) { on = false }; println ( &quot;Turn off the sprinkler for room &quot; + $room.name ); end

Definitions rule &quot;Raise the alarm when we have one or more fires&quot; when exists Fire () then insert ( new Alarm () ); println ( &quot;Raise the alarm&quot; ); end rule &quot;Cancel the alarm when all the fires have gone&quot; when not Fire () $alarm : Alarm () then retract ( $alarm ); println ( &quot;Cancel the alarm&quot; ); end

Definitions rule &quot;Status output when things are ok&quot; when not Alarm () not Sprinkler ( on === true ) then println ( &quot;Everything is ok&quot; ); end

Executing String [] names = new String []{ &quot;kitchen&quot; , &quot;bedroom&quot; , &quot;office&quot; , &quot;livingroom&quot; }; Map < String , Room > name2room = new HashMap < String , Room >(); for ( String name : names ){ Room room = new Room ( name ); name2room .put( name , room ); ksession .insert( room ); Sprinkler sprinkler = new Sprinkler ( room ); ksession .insert( sprinkler ); } ksession .fireAllRules() > Everything is ok

Executing Fire kitchenFire = new Fire ( name2room.get( &quot;kitchen&quot; ) ); Fire officeFire = new Fire ( name2room.get( &quot;office&quot; ) ); FactHandle kitchenFireHandle = ksession .insert( kitchenFire ); FactHandle officeFireHandle = ksession .insert( officeFire ); ksession .fireAllRules(); > Raise the alarm > Turn on the sprinkler for room kitchen > Turn on the sprinkler for room office

Executing ksession .retract( kitchenFireHandle ); ksession .retract( officeFireHandle ); ksession .fireAllRules() > Turn off the sprinkler for room office > Turn off the sprinkler for room kitchen > Cancel the alarm > Everything is ok rule &quot;Status output when things are ok&quot; when not Alarm () not Sprinkler ( on === true ) then println ( &quot;Everything is ok&quot; ); end

Conditional Elements

not Bus( color = “red” ) Conditional Elements exists Bus( color = “red” ) forall ( $bus : Bus( floors == 2 ) Bus( this == $bus, color == “red” ) ) forall ( $bus : Bus( color == “red” ) )

Accumulate CE rule &quot;accumulate&quot; when $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate ( Bus( color == &quot;red&quot; , $t : takings ) sum( $t ) ) then print &quot;sum is “ + $sum; end

Accumulate CE Patterns and CE's can be chained with ' from ' rule &quot;collect&quot; when $zipCode : ZipCode() $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate ( Bus( color == &quot;red&quot; , $t : takings ) from $hbn.getNamedQuery( “Find Buses” ) .setParameters( [ “zipCode” : $zipCode ] ) .list(), sum( $t ) ) then print &quot;sum is “ + $sum; end

Timers Calendars

Timers rule “name” timer 1m30s when $l : Light( status == “on” ) then modify ( $l ) { status = “off” }; rule “name” timer (int: 1m30s 0) when $l : Light( status == “on” ) then modify ( $l ) { status = “off” }; When the light is on, and has been on for 1m30s then turn it off Same as above. Interval timer with JDK semantics for initial duration, then repeat duration.

Timers rule “name” timer ( cron: 0 0/15 * * * * ) when Alarm( ) then sendEmail( ”Alert Alert Alert!!!” ) Field Name Mandatory? Allowed Values Allowed Special Characters Seconds YES 0-59 , - * / Minutes YES 0-59 , - * / Hours YES 0-23 , - * / Day of month YES 1-31 , - * ? / L W Month YES 1-12 or JAN-DEC , - * / Day of week YES 1-7 or SUN-SAT , - * ? / L # Year NO empty, 1970-2099 , - * / Send alert every quarter of an hour

Calendars rule &quot;weekdays are high priority&quot; calendars &quot;weekday&quot; timer (int:0 1h) when Alarm() then send( &quot;priority high - we have an alarm” ); end rule &quot;weekend are low priority&quot; calendars &quot;weekend&quot; timer (int:0 4h) when Alarm() then send( &quot;priority low - we have an alarm” ); end Execute now and after 1 hour duration Execute now and after 4 hour duration

Truth Maintenance Inference

TMS and Inference rule &quot;Issue Child Bus Pass&quot; when $p : Person ( age < 16 ) then insert(new ChildBusPass ( $p ) ); end rule &quot;Issue Adult Bus Pass&quot; when $p : Person ( age >= 16 ) then insert(new AdultBusPass ( $p ) ); end Couples the logic What happens when the Child stops being 16?

Leaky

Brittle integrity - manual maintenance

When the rule is no longer true, the object is retracted. when $p : Person ( age < 16 ) then logicalInsert ( new IsChild ( $p ) ) end when $p : Person ( age >= 16 ) then logicalInsert ( new IsAdult ( $p ) ) end de-couples the logic Maintains the truth by automatically retracting

TMS and Inference rule &quot;Issue Child Bus Pass&quot; when $p : Person ( ) IsChild ( person =$p ) then logicalInsert ( new ChildBusPass ( $p ) ); end rule &quot;Issue Adult Bus Pass&quot; when $p : Person ( age >= 16 ) IsAdult ( person =$p ) then logicalInsert ( new AdultBusPass ( $p ) ); end The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference rule &quot;Issue Child Bus Pass&quot; when $p : Person ( ) not ( ChildBusPass ( person == $p ) ) then requestChildBusPass( $p ); end The truth maintenance cascades

Encapsulate knowledge

Provide semantic abstractions for those encapsulation

Integrity robustness – truth maintenance

Fusion

Strong temporal relationships

Managed lifecycle

Drools Fusion: Temporal Reasoning

Drools Fusion: Temporal Reasoning

$c : Custumer( type == “VIP ) $oe : BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) from entry-point “Home Broker Stream” not BuyAckEvent( relatedEvent == $oe.id, this after[1s, 10s] $oe ) from entry-point “Stock Trader Stream” Operators Existing Drools 'not' Conditional Elements can be used to detect non-occurrence of events BackAckEvent must occur between 1s and 10s ' after' BuyOrderEvent

Aggregations Rule Engines do not deal with aggregations $n : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate ( $s : StockTicker( symbol == “RHAT” ) over window:time ( 5s ), average ( $s.price ) ) Over 5 seconds Aggregate ticker price for RHAT over last 5 seconds The pattern 'Number' reasons 'from' the accumulate result

CEP Applied at FedEx Custom Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

CEP Applied at FedEx Custom Critical * Presented by Adam Mollemkopf at ORF 2009

HAL : Without your space helmet, Dave, you're going to find that rather difficult.

Dave Bowman : HAL, I won't argue with you anymore! Open the doors!

HAL : Dave, this conversation can serve no purpose anymore. Goodbye. Joshua: Greetings, Professor Falken. Stephen Falken : Hello, Joshua. Joshua: A strange game. The only winning move is not to play. How about a nice game of chess?