1.
Emergence with Roberto Toro
TUSCI by Magali Daniaux & Cédric Pigot
with Nicolas Montgermont
101NightswithNathalieRegardLeCahierdesLimbeswithLucHallard
COGITObyDanielaPaulis(photo:SandroBocci)

2.
Building ladders across the scales of personification:
from brains in social interaction to genes in human evolution
Personnification Across Disciplines — Durham University, September 19th, 2018
Guillaume Dumas, Ph.D – @introspection
Human Genetics & Cognitive Functions unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris

3.
Introduction
3 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

4.
Bayesian
Cognitivist
Dynamicist
4 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

5.
Maturana & Varela (1992) The Tree of Knowledge
5 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

6.
Maturana & Varela (1992) The Tree of Knowledge
6 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

7.
7 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

8.
8 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

9.
9 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

10.
Varela et al., Nat Neuro Rev 2001
10 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

11.
Adapted from Rudrauf et al. (2003)
Sensori-
motor
coupling
Nervous
system
Generates neural assemblies
Modulates the dynamics
Environment
11 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

12.
12 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

13.
13 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

14.
14 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Hari & Kujala, Physiological Reviews 2009

15.
Pfeiffer et al., Front Hum Neurosci 2013
15 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
N individuals

16.
16 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

17.
17 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

18.
A) Human~Human
Hyperscanning-EEG
18 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

19.
Montague et al., NeuroImage 2002
19 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

20.
Hasson et al., Science 2004
20 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

21.
Hasson et al., Science 2004
21 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

22.
Babiloni et al., Proc 28th IEEE 2006
Greater Coherence in the
gamma band within
players in the same team
22 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

23.
Tognoli et al., PNAS 2007
Joint Spectral & Spatial
Specificity
23 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

24.
Tognoli et al., SfN 2005
«Idiosyncrasicpatterns,forexample,thisfrontal(driver)toparietal(follower)network»
10-20 Hz
24 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

25.
Lindenberger et al., BMC Neuroscience 2009
25 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Theta band 3 -8Hz

26.
Nadel, 1999 ; Nadel & Soussignan, 2005 ; Soussignan & Nadel, 2006
26 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

27.
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2010
27 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

28.
28 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
NVNM
15s
NVM
15s
Spontaneous Imitation (SI)
1min 30s

29.
29 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2010
57,27%
13,42%
8,65%
26,66%
Synchroneous Imitations
Imitation without Synchrony
Synchrony without Imitation
No Synchrony
No Imitation

30.
30 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas et al. 2012
In the same way as segregation and
integration form a complementary
pair in brain activity, a successful
communication needs
altogether a clear repartition
of the roles and a co-
regulation of the exchange.
This co-regulation and the sharing
of purpose between the
interactants ensure the
autonomy of the two partners
as well as their ability to make
the distinction between what
originates from self and what
originates from the other.
Self-agency and Beta frequency
Other agency and Delta frequency

31.
31 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Guionnet et al. 2011; Dumas et al. 2012; Nadel & Dumas, J Cog Edu & Psych 2010

32.
32 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2010

33.
Phase Locking Value Matrix Histograms
Behavioral indexing
Synchrony (S/NS) & imitation (I/NI):
33 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
PLV
h-PLV
(intra-brain)
(inter-brain)

34.
34 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2010
Brain-to-brain synchronization correlates with the social roles

35.
35 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Goldstein, Weissman-Fogel, Dumas, Shamay-Tsoory, PNAS (2018)
Pain reduction
Inter-brain
synchronization
modulation

36.
B) Machine~Machine
36 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

37.
37 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
How does it relate to anatomical and physiological similarities?
At the intra-individual level?
At the inter-individual level?
Dynamique+Structure

38.
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2012
38 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
+ x 2 =
Dual-brain model (Kuramoto oscillators,
realistic brain areas, realistic connectivity)
and their interbrain sensorimotor coupling

39.
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2012
39 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
FFTBrainAreaSignals
Cortical Level Scalp Level
Cintra
CintraFFTEEGSignals

40.
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2012
40 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Normal Shuffle

41.
41 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas et al., PLoS ONE 2012
Real connectivity facilitate inter-brain synchronization
Residual synchronization
Anatomical structure facilitates:

42.
42 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Communication
Unidirectional
Reciprocal
Similarity
Behavioural
Neurobiological
Cultural
Fairhurst & Dumas (in preps.)

43.
C) Human~Machine
43 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

44.
Adapted from Tognoli, Dumas, Kelso 2017
44 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Empirical
Theoretical

45.
Kelso et al. PLoS ONE 2009; Dumas et al., PNAS 2014
45 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

46.
Dumas et al., PNAS 2014
46 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

47.
47 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
• Synchronisation : movement phase coupling
• Imitation: morphological / amplitude similarity
• Goal understanding: in-phase or anti-phase?
• Humanness attribution: human or robot?
• Theory of Mind: cooperative or competitive?
Sensorimotor level
Representational level

48.
Dumas et al. (in preps)
48 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
SubjectVerbalReport
Virtual Partner Behavior
In-phase
Anti-phase
Task:

49.
49 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Cleese & Chapman (1972)

50.
Dumas et al. (in preps)
50 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

51.
Dumas et al. (in preps)
51 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
High Alpha (10-14Hz) Gamma (30-60Hz)
rTPJ

52.
52 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

53.
Dumas et al. (in preps)
53 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

54.
Dumas et al. (in preps)
54 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

55.
Dumas et al. (in preps)
55 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Cooperation
vs.
Competition
Human
vs.
Robot
rTPJ
SMA
mPFC

56.
Interlude
56 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

57.
57 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas, Communicative & Integrative Biology 2011

58.
58 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Shea et al., Trends Cog Sci 2014

59.
59 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Wait a minute?!
Don’t you need representation
of others to interact with them as
much as you need interactions
to form representations
of them?
Dumas, Kelso & Nadel, Front Psych 2014
Tackling the social cognition paradox through multi-scale approaches.

60.
’’[Biological systems] are characterized by large numbers of highly
heterogeneous components, be they genes, proteins, or cells.
These components interact causally in myriad ways across a very
large spectrum of space-time, from nanometers to meters and from
microseconds to years.
A complete understanding of these systems demands that a large
fraction of these interactions be experimentally or computationally
probed.
This is very difficult.’’
Christof Koch (2012) Modular Biological Complexity. Science,
337(6094):531-532 DOI:10.1126/science.1218616
Cognition is multiscale!

61.
A long, long time ago, in a country far,
far away …

62.
63 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Noble, Exp Physiol 2007

63.
64 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Noble, Exp Physiol 2007

64.
65 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Wilson KG, Sci Am 1979

65.
66 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Comorbidities
intellectual disability
epilepsy
motor control problems
ADHD
Tics
Anxiety
sleep disorders
gastrointestinal problems.
Epidemiology
0.7–1.1% of the population
4/1 male/female ratio
Huguet, Ey & Bourgeron, Ann Rev Genom & Hum Gen 2013

66.
67 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Bressler and Tognoli 2006

67.
68 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
“Nothing in Biology
makes sense
except in the light
of evolution”
Theodosius Dobzhansky (1973)

68.
7.0
Chimpanzee–Human Last
Common Ancestor (CHLCA,
CLCA, or C/H LCA)
Denisovan
Neanderthal
Homo Sapiens Pan Troglodytes
(chimpanzee)
Hominidae
Common Ancestor
13
Tribe: Homini

69.
70 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Buzsáki, Logothetis, and Singer, Neuron (2013)

70.
71 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Reproduced from van Pelt et al. (2012) in Buzsáki, Logothetis & Singer (2013)

71.
72 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

72.
Orlando, L., Gilbert, M. T. P., & Willerslev, E. (2015). Reconstructing ancient
genomes and epigenomes. Nature Reviews Genetics, 16(7), 395–408.
73 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

73.
74 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
2014

74.
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)

75.
OmegaGC
Neutrality Index
z
ZZ
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)
Divergent genes
Conserved genes
Neutral genes

76.
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)

77.
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)
SHANK2
Brain
Genes
Z-scoreZ-score
Illumina Human
Bodymap 2

78.
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)
Wilcoxon Kirby rank correlation Bonferoni

79.
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)

80.
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)

81.
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)

82.
Demo?
KIAAA0319

83.
❤
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)
+ =
Correlation with studies
involving social cognition
including language
(>19000 fMRI studies)

84.
“much of the same machinery,
the same brain regions and
computational processing that
are used in a social context to
attribute awareness to
someone else, are also used on
a continuous basis to construct
your own awareness and
attribute it to yourself.”
Michael S.A. Graziano (2015)

85.
Conclusion
86 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

86.
87 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Kelso, Dumas, & Tognoli, Neural Networks 2013
ExperimentalComputational

87.
88 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Beyond Autism: Introducing the Dialectical Misattunement
Hypothesis and a Bayesian Account of Intersubjectivity. Bolis et al. 2017
Socio-cultural
Cognitive-behavioral
Biological

88.
89 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
1 gene
Whole
Genome
1 trait Whole
Phenotype
Epigenome

89.
90 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Acquisition
Proteomics
Biochemistry / Expression
Epidémiology
Data Processing Analyses / Models
Patients
Genes
k
k

90.
91 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Models
Bourgeron, Nat Neuro Rev 2015

91.
92 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas, Malesys, & Bourgeron (in preps)

92.
93 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
"The averages must therefore be rejected,
they confuse, while seeking to unify,
they distort while trying to simplify."
Claude Bernard (1865, p. 135)

93.
94 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Marquand et al. 2016

94.
95 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

95.
96 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Longitudinal European Autism Project
Nonparametric Normative Model based on LOESS
Age (days)
Z-scoreWorkingMemory
CTR ASD ID ASD-ID
Jumana
Ahmad
Eva
Loth

96.
97 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

97.
98 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Large Cohort
Highly Heterogeneous
Genetic Profiles
Individuals Clusters
Homogeneous
Genetic Profiles

98.
Bourgeron, Nat Neuro Rev 2015
99 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19

99.
100 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
CBT Response
DrugResponse

100.
101 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
NRXN-NLGN
SHANK
mTOR
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxEPh ≈ G + E +GxEPh ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
Ph ≈ G + E +GxE
???

101.
102 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Crespi et al. 2010
"Systems are not in nature,
but only in the minds of men."
Claude Bernard (1865, p. 297)

102.
103 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Adapted from Micoulaud-Franchi et al. 2018
Subjective
experience
(semiology)
Brain activity
(physiology)
Disease?
(nosology)
Additional creteria
(epidemiology, sociology, …)
Cause
(etiology)
Individuals / Patients Researchers
MDs
Policy makersAssociations

103.
104 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Micoulaud-Franchi, Quiles, Batail, Lancon, Masson, Dumas, Cermolace (2017)
Jean-Arthur
Micoulaud-Franchi
DSM
RDoC
?

104.
105 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas & Micoulaud-Franchi, Intellectica (accepted)
RDoC + Social level

105.
106 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Dumas & Micoulaud-Franchi, Intellectica (accepted)
RDoC + Social level
Individual <–> Family / Friends
Individual <–> Therapist / Educator
But also:
Practitioners <–> Practitioners
Practitioners <–> Policy makers
Policy makers <–> Policy makers
Policy makers <–> Associations
…
Individual <–> their “voices”

106.
Old-Paris Team
Jacqueline Nadel
Jacques Martinerie
Robert Soussignan
Mario Chavez
Boca Raton Team
New-Paris Team
Collaborators
J.-A. Micoulaud-Franchi
Leonhard Schilbach
Imme Zillekens
Juha Lahnakoski
Danilo Bzdok
Elvis Dohmatob
Denis Engemann
Thomas Bourgeron
Richard Delorme
Jean-Pierre Changeux
Aline Lefebvre
Yang-Min Kim
Roberto Toro
Thomas Rolland
Freddy Cliquet
Anita Beggiato
Alexandre Mathieu
Hany Goubran-Botros
Simon Malesys
J.A. Scott Kelso
Emmanuelle Tognoli
Gonzalo DeGuzman
Armin Fuchs
Mengsen Zhang
107 • Guillaume Dumas • Building ladders across the scales of personification • Durham University, 2018-09-19
Eva Loth
Jumana Ahmad
Merle Fairhurst
Viviane Kostrubiec
Alexandre Lehmann
Asaf Bachrach
Julien Laroche
Interdisciplinarity
Open Science
Art~Science

107.
Phi

108.
PhiPhi