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4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING
STEVEN YAP, FUTUREWORKZ
StevenYap
stevenyap@futureworkz.com
https://github.com/stevenyap
4 Simple Rules to Refactoring
4 Simple Rules to Refactoring
COUNTRY = SINGAPORE
STATE = SINGAPORE
CITY = SINGAPORE
CAPITAL = SINGAPORE
• Host Saigon.rb Ruby Meetup
• Co-Founder of Futureworkz
• Ruby on Rails coder
• Agile startup consultant
Awesome Ruby on Rails Development
http://www.futureworkz.com
http://playbook.futureworkz.com/
WHAT IS REFACTORING?
IS REFACTORING
IMPORTANT?
WHO LOVES
REFACTORING?
WHO HATES
REFACTORING?
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
I HATE REFACTORING BECAUSE...
▸ extra work to do
▸ what if i break something else?
▸ waste of time
▸ takes up too much time
▸ no time
▸ don't know what to refactor
▸ how to refactor?
▸ i can't see the code smell
▸ makes me feel stupid
▸ any other reasons?
HATE REFACTORING
😡😡😡😡
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING
HTTP://PLAYBOOK.FUTUREWORKZ.COM/PROTOCOLS/CODE-REVIEW/INDEX.HTML
LOVE REFACTORING
😍😍😍😍
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
THE FOUR RULES
▸ Write Test Cases
▸ Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)
▸ Naming Reveals Intention
▸ Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
RULE #1:
WRITE TEST CASES
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
RULE #1: WRITE TEST CASES
▸ No test cases = no refactoring
▸ Never try to refactor without a test case to cover you
▸ Other coders' test cases protect you too
▸ Stress-free in coding = more happiness
▸ Easy way to write test cases (self-promotion):

http://blog.futureworkz.com/ruby-on-rails/easy-way-write-test-case/
▸ The more test cases you write, the faster you write the test cases
require	'rails_helper'	
describe	Program	do	
		context	'validations'	do	
				it	{	is_expected.to	validate_presence_of	:name	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	validate_presence_of	:category_id	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	validate_presence_of	:team_id	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	validate_presence_of	:estimated_start_date	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	enumerize(:status).in(:wip,	:unsuccessful,	:pending_approval,	:approved,	:rejected,	:completed)	}	
		end	
		context	'associations'	do	
				it	{	is_expected.to	have_one	:job	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	have_many	:quotations	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	have_many	:pos_to_suppliers	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	have_many	:pos_to_suppliers_in_group	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	have_many	:approved_quotations	}	
				it	{	is_expected.to	have_many	:cost_items	}	
		end	
		describe	'.started'	do	
				let!(:pending_program)	{	create(:pending_program)	}	
				let!(:started_program)	{	create(:approved_program)	}	
				it	'returns	an	array	of	started	program'	do	
						expect(Program.started).to	include	started_program	
						expect(Program.started).to_not	include	pending_program	
				end	
		end	
end
HATE REFACTORING
😡😡😡😡
HATE REFACTORING
😍😡😡😡
RULE #2:
DON'T REPEAT YOURSELF
class	ShoppingCart	
		has_many	:products	
		def	final_price	
				products.map(&:price).inject(&:+)	+	country_tax	
		end	
		def	country_tax	
				products.map(&:price).inject(&:+)	*	0.1	
		end	
end
class	ShoppingCart	
		has_many	:products	
		def	final_price	
				total_price	+	country_tax	
		end	
		def	country_tax	
				total_price	*	0.1	
		end	
		def	total_price	
				products.map(&:price).inject(&:+)	
		end	
end
class	ShoppingCart	
		has_many	:products	
		def	final_price	
				products.map(&:price).inject(&:+)	+	country_tax	
		end	
		def	country_tax	
				products.map(&:price).inject(&:+)	*	0.1	
		end	
end
class	Order	<	ActiveRecord::Base	
		def	pending?	
				status	==	:pending	
		end	
		def	paid?	
				status	==	:paid	
		end	
		def	delivered?	
				status	==	:delivered	
		end	
		def	cancelled?	
				status	==	:cancelled	
		end	
		def	refunded?	
				status	==	:refunded	
		end	
end
class	Order	<	ActiveRecord::Base	
		STATUSES	=	[:pending,	:paid,	:delivered,	:cancelled,	:refunded]	
		STATUSES.each	do	|status_name|	
				define_method	"#{status}?"	do	
						status	==	status_name	
				end	
		end	
end
class	Order	<	ActiveRecord::Base	
		def	pending?	
				status	==	:pending	
		end	
		def	paid?	
				status	==	:paid	
		end	
		def	delivered?	
				status	==	:delivered	
		end	
		def	cancelled?	
				status	==	:cancelled	
		end	
		def	refunded?	
				status	==	:refunded	
		end	
end
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
RULE #2: DON'T REPEAT YOURSELF (DRY)
▸ Easiest way to refactor
▸ Find duplicates in codes and extract them into a method/class
▸ JUST OPEN YOUR EYES AND READ YOUR CODE AGAIN
▸ Find duplicated patterns in codes and extract them
▸ Find duplicated codes across files is harder
HATE REFACTORING
😍😡😡😡
HATE REFACTORING
😍😍😡😡
RULE #3:
NAMING REVEALS INTENTION
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
GOOD NAMING IN RUBY/RAILS
▸ Array.first, Array.second, Array.third, ..., Array.forty_two
▸ Date.tomorrow, Date.today
▸ 1.hour.ago, 3.weeks.from_now
▸ Array.each
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
GOOD NAMING?
▸ shopping_cart.total_price
▸ Product.price_less_than(20)
▸ Numerology.calculate_lucky_number_from(dob: user.dob)
▸ person.male?
▸ get_youtube_id(youtube_url)
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
RULE #3: NAMING REVEALS INTENTION
▸ Naming for variable, method, class, file, even values
▸ Reveal what you are doing or why you are doing, not how you are doing

eg.

(how) UserMailer.use_gmail_smtp_send_email

(what) UserMailer.send_email

(why) UserMailer.send_activation_email
▸ The next coder can understand/guess intuitively what your variable/method/
class is doing
require	'rails_helper'	
describe	ProductsController,	type:	:controller	do	
		describe	'#index'	do	
				let!(:p1)	{	create(:product,	published:	true)	}	
				let!(:p2)	{	create(:product,	published:	false)	}	
				it	'return	products'	do	
						get	:index	
						expect(assigns(:products)).to_not	include	p2	
				end	
		end	
end
require	'rails_helper'	
describe	ProductsController,	type:	:controller	do	
		describe	'#index'	do	
				let!(:published_product)			{	create(:product,	published:	true)	}	
				let!(:unpublished_product)	{	create(:product,	published:	false)	}	
				it	'does	not	return	unpublished	products'	do	
						get	:index	
						expect(assigns(:products)).to_not	include	unpublished_product	
				end	
		end	
end	
require	'rails_helper'	
describe	ProductsController,	type:	:controller	do	
		describe	'#index'	do	
				let!(:p1)	{	create(:product,	published:	true)	}	
				let!(:p2)	{	create(:product,	published:	false)	}	
				it	'return	products'	do	
						get	:index	
						expect(assigns(:products)).to_not	include	p2	
				end	
		end	
end
class	User	<	ActiveRecord::Base	
		after_create	:verify	
		def	verify	
				UserMailer.verify(self).deliver	
		end	
end
class	User	<	ActiveRecord::Base	
		after_create	:verify	
		def	verify	
				#	send	email	verification	
				UserMailer.verify(self).deliver	
		end	
end
class	User	<	ActiveRecord::Base	
		after_create	:send_email_verification	
		def	send_email_verification	
				UserMailer.verify_email(self).deliver	
		end	
end
class	User	<	ActiveRecord::Base	
		after_create	:verify	
		def	verify	
				#	send	email	verification	
				UserMailer.verify(self).deliver	
		end	
end
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
RULE #3: NAMING REVEALS INTENTION - THE DON'TS
▸ DON'T DO THIS:
▸ n = 100
▸ p1 = Product.new
▸ product1 = Product.new
▸ category = Product.new
▸ Write comments to explain your code*
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
RULE #3: NAMING REVEALS INTENTION - THE DOS
▸ Use conventional naming:

created_at (datetime) vs created_on (date)

products (array of product)

published?
▸ Name what the variable/method/class is doing or why it needs to do this
▸ Search in thesaurus.com
▸ Ask a non-coder how to name something or describe what you want to do
▸ Convert comment into a method instead
▸ Ask yourself: How can I let myself understand this code 1 year later?
HATE REFACTORING
😍😍😡😡
HATE REFACTORING
😍😍😍😡
RULE #4:
SINGLE RESPONSIBILITY PRINCIPLE
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
RULE #4: SINGLE RESPONSIBILITY PRINCIPLE (SRP)
▸ Robert C. Martin: "A class should have only one reason to change"
▸ A class or method should only do one thing
class	MessagesController	<	ApplicationController	
		def	create	
				recipient	=	User.find(message_params[:recipient])	
				subject	=	block_contact_information(message_params[:subject])	
				body	=	block_contact_information(message_params[:body])	
				message	=	Message.new(recipient,	subject,	body)	
				if	message.save	
						render	json:	{success:	"Your	message	has	been	sent	successfully"}	
				else	
						render	json:	{error:	message.errors}	
				end	
		end	
		private	
		def	block_contact_information(content)	
				phone_regex	=	/(?:+?|b)[0-9]{4,}/	
				content.gsub!(phone_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
				email_regex	=	/[a-z]+[a-z0-9_-]*@[a-z0-9_-]+.[a-z]{2,}/i	
				content.gsub!(email_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
				website_regex	=	/https?://[S]+/	
				content.gsub!(website_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
		end	
		def	message_params	
				params.require(:message).permit(:receipient,	:subject,	:body)	
		end	
end
def	block_contact_information(content)	
		phone_regex	=	/(?:+?|b)[0-9]{4,}/	
		content.gsub!(phone_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
		email_regex	=	/[a-z]+[a-z0-9_-]*@[a-z0-9_-]+.[a-z]{2,}/i	
		content.gsub!(email_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
		website_regex	=	/https?://[S]+/	
		content.gsub!(website_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
end
def	block_contact_information(content)	
		block_phone_contact(content)	
		block_email_contact(content)	
		block_website_contact(content)	
end	
def	block_phone_contact(content)	
		phone_regex	=	/(?:+?|b)[0-9]{4,}/	
		content.gsub!(phone_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
end	
def	block_email_contact(content)	
		email_regex	=	/[a-z]+[a-z0-9_-]*@[a-z0-9_-]+.[a-z]{2,}/i	
		content.gsub!(email_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
end	
def	block_website_contact(content)	
		website_regex	=	/https?://[S]+/	
		content.gsub!(website_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
end
def	block_contact_information(content)	
		phone_regex	=	/(?:+?|b)[0-9]{4,}/	
		content.gsub!(phone_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
		email_regex	=	/[a-z]+[a-z0-9_-]*@[a-z0-9_-]+.[a-z]{2,}/i	
		content.gsub!(email_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
		website_regex	=	/https?://[S]+/	
		content.gsub!(website_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
end
class	BlockContact	
		def	self.santize(content)	
				[:phone,	:email,	:website].inject(content)	do	|content,	contact_type|		
						self.send("block_#{contact_type}",	content)	
				end	
		end	
		def	self.block_phone(content)	
				phone_regex	=	/(?:+?|b)[0-9]{4,}/	
				content.gsub(phone_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
		end	
		def	self.block_email(content)	
				email_regex	=	/[a-z]+[a-z0-9_-]*@[a-z0-9_-]+.[a-z]{2,}/i	
				content.gsub(email_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
		end	
		def	self.block_website(content)	
				website_regex	=	/https?://[S]+/	
				content.gsub(website_regex,	'[Blocked	Content]')	
		end	
end	
#	BlockContact.santize('My	phone	is	91234567	and	my	email	is	stevenyap@futureworkz.com')	
#	=>	"My	phone	is	[Blocked	Content]	and	my	email	is	[Blocked	Content]"
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
RULE #4: SINGLE RESPONSIBILITY PRINCIPLE (SRP)
▸ Long methods are the easiest to find (>10 lines?)
▸ Know the responsibility of Model, View, Controller well
▸ Ask yourself if this object is doing the right thing
▸ Ask yourself if this method is doing only one thing
▸ SRP normally give rise to more advanced refactoring/patterns

Eg. observer, delegate, services, etc
HATE REFACTORING
😍😍😍😡
HATE REFACTORING
😍😍😍😍
LOVE REFACTORING
😍😍😍😍
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
USING THE FOUR RULES
▸ Rule #1 of rule #1:

Always think about test cases first!
▸ Refactor using DRY + Naming + SRP iteratively
▸ Think through your code using the 4 rules to achieve a minimum good quality
▸ Don't stop at the 4 rules & learn/refactor more as you gain more experience

(eg. SOLID principles, LoD, Anti-patterns)
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP
FINAL TIPS ON REFACTORING & FEELING BETTER AS A CODER
▸ Don't stress yourself to refactor the code to be the best

There are no BEST code in the world
▸ Don't be hard on yourself if you cannot detect a code smell

Learn from it! You will become better over time!
▸ Take a moment to relish your refactored code!

Be proud to show it off in the pull request for code review.
▸ Protect your reputation as a world-class coder

Have pride as a coder!
CLEAN & CLEAR CODE
EASY TO UNDERSTAND
CODE IS BEAUTIFUL
CODE IS ART
LOVE REFACTORING
😍😍😍😍
4 SIMPLE RULES TO REFACTORING BY STEVEN YAP

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