1. FruitBreedomics - WP2
Developing apple and peach pre-
breeding material with new features
I. Baumgartner (Agroscope), M. Kellerhals (Agroscope), A. Peil (JKI),
A. Liverani (CRA), T. Pascal (INRA)
Bologna, June 18th 2015
2. Overview
powdery mildew
Apple (JKI, EVD) Peach (INRA, CRA)
Objectives of pre-breeding
Sources of resistance and fruit traits
Controlled crosses
Selection methodologies (phenotypic, molecular markers)
Availability of plant material
3. LG1
Rvi6
resistance
to apple
scab
FB-WP2-Apple: pre-breeding at Agroscope (EVD) and JKI
Focalized on resistance and fruit quality traits
LG2 LG3 LG4 LG5 LG6 LG7 LG8
LG9 LG10 LG11 LG12 LG13 LG14
LG15
LG16 LG17
Rvi2
resistance
to apple
scab
Rvi11
resistance
to apple
scab
Sd1
resistance
to rosy
apple leaf-
curling
aphid
FBF7
resistance
to fire
blight
Rvi4
resistance
to apple
scab
Md-PG1
fruit
texture
Md-ACS1
shelf
life
Pl1
resistance
to powdery
mildew
Rvi12
resistance
to apple
scab
Plm
resistance
to powdery
mildew
Pl2
resistance
to powdery
mildew
Apple genetic linkage map (17 chromosomes)
Pld
resistance
to powdery
mildew
4. FB-WP2-Apple: marker-assisted pre-breeding at Agroscope (EVD)
Objective: pyramiding of scab resistance genes (Rvi2 Rvi4 Rvi6)
in combination with:
• mildew resistance
• low fire blight susceptibility
• fruit quality
2011 : 3 crosses established, progeny size:
187-324 seeds/progeny
2012 : phenotypic and molecular selection
(Rvi2 Rvi4 Rvi6 Pl1 Pl2 Pld FBF7)
2013 : tree nursery (147 plants: combination
of 2 scab + 1 mildew resist.)
2014: planted, first fruit (ACW 24962)
ACW 17053 (Rvi6 Pl2 FBF7FBF7)
x ACW 16102 (Rvi2 Rvi4 Rvi6 Pl1)
ACW 24962
(Rvi2 Rvi6 Pl1 FBF7)
10. FB-WP2-Apple: marker-assisted pre-breeding at JKI
Objective: new source of scab resistance from M. baccata jackii
in combination with:
• low chilling
• fruit quality
Royal Gala x A722-7 (Rvi11/Vbj)
2011/12 : 5 crosses established,
progeny size: 88 - 139
seeds/progeny
2012/13 :
phenotypic selection
molecular analysis
(Rvi11/Vbj)
2014/15 : orchard
(Rvi11/Vbj)
11. FB-WP2-Apple: conventional pre-breeding at JKI
Objectives: new traits fruit shape and low chilling
Api Etoile (fruit shape)
2012/13 : 5 crosses established
2014 :
Artificial scab inoculation
molecular analysis
2014/15 : orchard
Cross Nb. Mother (traits) Father (traits) Seeds
Plants in the
orchard
13228 GD (quality) Anna (low chilling) 50 44
13229 Gala (quality) Anna (low chilling) 50 45
13230 Pinova (quality) Api Etoile (fruit shape) 100 87
14217 Regia (Rvi2, Rvi4, Sd1, FbF7) Api Etoile (fruit shape) 25
14236 GoldRush (Rvi6, FbF7) Api Etoile (fruit shape) 50
12. FB-WP2-Apple: pre-breeding at Agroscope (EVD) and JKI
Availability of the plant material created during project
No. of
population Availability of seedling material EVD
Contact: Markus Kellerhals (markus.kellerhals@agroscope.admin.ch)
Pollen Leaves Budwood Year
MTA
Special
Conditions
1112 x x 2014
1113 x x 2014
1114 x x 2014
No. of
population Availability of seedling material JKI
Contact: Andreas Peil (andreas.peil@jki.bund.de)
Pollen Leaves Budwood Year
MTA
Special
Conditions
13211 x x 2017
13212 x x 2017
13213 x x 2017
13214 x x 2017
13215 x x 2017
13216 x x 2017
13217 x x 2017
13218 x x 2017
13219 x x 2017
13220 x x 2017
13221 x x 2017
13222 x x 2017
13223 x x 2017
13224 x x 2017
13225 x x 2017
13226 x x 2017
13230 x x 2017
13231 x x 2017
13. 2011, 2012 & 2013 : selections derived from Oro A (12 crosses /500 seedlings)
evaluation in orchard (unsprayed trees)
3 times – beginning of pit hardening ; rapid fruit growth ; harvest
scoring ranged from 0 (no symptom) to 5 (symptoms diffused in whole tree)
leaves and fruits were separately scored
FB-WP2-Peach: conventional pre-breeding at Forlì (Italy)
Objectives: resistance to peach powdery mildew
2011: IFF 1147 (Red Top x Oro A)
2013: Ma 26-16-206 self ((Cresthaven x Oro A) x Laura)
2012: IFF 1504 Top Lady x (Cresthaven x Oro A)
IFF 1439 Rome Star x (Cresthaven x Oro A)
Oro A
from Oro A :
and brown rot
14. 2 yellow nectarines, selected in 2012, were evaluated for
the second year with good tolerance to powdery mildew
CRA-FRF 1590
CRA-FRF 1761
FB-WP2-Peach: conventional pre-breeding at Forlì (Italy)
Results 2014 for resistance to peach powdery mildew
15. FB-WP2-Peach: conventional pre-breeding at Forlì (Italy)
Objective: resistance / tolerance to brown rot
MA 25-13-143
(Suncrest x UCD-F8,5-156 )
MA 25-10-111
((Romea*Snowqueen) x SD 75)
new possible parents, also with putative resistance to PPV
Also some old local
germplasm showed to
be little prone to
infections: Buco
incavato, Crimson
Lady, Crizia, Forlì 1;
Ghiaccio 1; Percoca di
Romagna; Sanguinella;
Sant’Anna Balducci,
Tardiva San Filippo
list of cultivars scored tolerant / resistant
Contender
Gialla Tardiva
16. In absence of molecular markers, evaluations are carried out in orchard:
evaluation of the resistance is preceeded by qualitative selection through
recurrent selection schemes. Only fruit of seedlings with acceptable
agronomic properties are tested for the resistance to brown rot
FB-WP2-Peach: conventional pre-breeding at Forlì (Italy)
Methodology of selection used against brown rot
since 2013
the evaluation for
brown rot
resistance has been
conducted
following the
protocol proposed
within the WP5
inoculations on skin (spray conidia suspension) to test the fruit
tolerance to brown rot due to the barriers present in the skin
in orchard
very susceptible seedling
seedling higly resistant
17. Percoca di Romagna
Tardiva di San Filippo
Gialla Tardiva
IFF 1655
IFF 650
IFF 638
FB-WP2-Peach: conventional pre-breeding at Forlì (Italy)
Results 2013-2014 for the resistance to brown rot
18. Mother Father
seedlings
firstly
evaluated
for quality
then in
evaluation
progress for
pyramiding the
resistances
(O'Henry x Calipso) SD 75 202 89
Suncrest SD 75 47 15
Kaweah Cresthaven x UCD-F8,5-166 24 24
Didalia Suncrest x SD 75 28 9
Gialla Tardiva IFF 1148* 21 2
Suncrest Ma 21-09-211 x UCD-F8,5-156 38 34
FB-WP2-Peach: conventional pre-breeding at Forlì (Italy)
Objective: combine brown rot and powdery mildew resistances
19. FB-WP2-Peach: marker-assisted pre-breeding at Avignon (INRA)
Objective mainly axed on resistance to pests and diseases
available markers: yes yes yes … ongoing no
green peach aphid
powdery mildew
Plum Pox Virus (M strain)
brown rot (Monilia laxa)
Xanthomonas pruni
resistance to:
tests of resistance:
in greenhouse and lab
in orchard …
in
contaminated
zone
crosses: 2015
genitors / parents: WFP Malo Konare P. davidiana Bolinha SC08-26008
Rubira Pamirskij 5 P. dulcis BY00p6346 Loring
20. LG7LG6LG5LG4LG1 LG2 LG3
Peach genetic linkage map (8 chromosomes)
LG8
Vr1 or Vr2
resistance to
powdery mildew
SD-PM.8.1
resistance to
powdery mildew
SD-PM.6.1
resistance to
powdery mildew
Rm1 or Rm2
resistance to
green peach
aphid
SD-MP.5.1
resistance to
green peach
aphid
SD-MP.3.1
resistance to
green peach
aphid
q3.5diCQ/CA
resistance to
green peach
aphid
FB-WP2-Peach: marker-assisted pre-breeding at Avignon (INRA)
Focus on resistance to green peach aphid and powdery mildew
D
non-acid flesh
DBF
blood-fleshbf
blood-flesh
pl
weeping habit
S*
fruit shape
G
fruit skin
pubescence
y
flesh color
in combination with fruit quality …
21. FB-WP2-Peach: marker-assisted pre-breeding at Avignon (INRA)
Objective: associate green peach aphid and mildew resistances
Trait Resistance
Linkage
group
SSR SNP from 9k ; P. dav. sequence
green
peach
aphid
resistance
Rm1, Rm2 1
UDP-422,
UDAp-467
SNP_IGA_127181, SNP_IGA_127323,
SNP_IGA_127673, SNP_IGA_127836,
SNP_IGA_128189
qMP.SP-G3.1 3 AG106, AG50b
between S3_17686_ _ and
S3_19102
qMP.SP-G5.2 5 PaCITA21 -
q3.5diCQ/CA - SP128*, SP129*
powdery
mildew
resistance
Vr1, Vr2 8
MP206,
MP267
between SNP_IGA_796481 and
SNP_IGA_851849
qPM.SP-G6.1 6
AG26,
pchcms5, PC73
between S6_15606_ _ and
S6_169697
qPM.SP-G8.1 8 FG230, FG37 -
available markers
2011 crosses /2014 first selections with Rm1 +Vr1 observed in orchard
22. FB-WP2-Peach: pre-breeding at CRA and INRA
Availability of the plant material created during project
No. of
population
Availability of seedling material CRA
Contact: Alessandro Liverani (alessandro.liverani@entecra.it)
Pollen Leaves Budwood Year
MTA
Special
Conditions
11.03 x x x 2015
11.04 x x x 2015
11.30 x x x 2015
11.31 x x x 2015
11.32 x x x 2015
11.37 x x x 2015
11.53 x x x 2015
12.09 x x x 2016
12.10 x x x 2016
12.15 - - - - -
12.22 x x x 2016
12.60 x x x 2016
13.13 - - - - -
13.16 x x x 2017
13.17 x x x 2017
13.20 x x x 2017
13.15 x x x 2017
13.25 x x x 2017
13.70 x x x 2017
13.71 x x x 2017
No. of
population
Availability of seedling material INRA
Contact: Thierry Pascal (tpascal@avignon.inra.fr)
Pollen Leaves Budwood Year
MTA
Special
Conditions
11.01 x x 2015
11.02 x x x 2015
11.03 x x x 2015
11.04 x x x 2015
11.05 x x x x 2016
11.06 x x x 2015
11.07 x x x 2015
11.08 x x x 2015
11.09 x x 2015
12.01 x x 2016
12.02 x x 2016
12.03 x x 2016
12.04 x x 2016
12.05 x x 2016
12.06 x x 2016
23. Thank you for your attention
powdery mildew
Agroscope good food, healthy environment
Editor's Notes
Evaluate and describe the genetic material available for the resistance to powdery mildew and brown rot, the two most dangerous pathogens in the peach production area of Forli
Resistance to mildew : several F1 and F2 selections were evaluated for powdery mildew resistance derived from 500 seedlings coming from 12 crosses in combinations with Oro A
On the basis of Multi-year field observations and the choice of genotypes showing a slower expansion of the rot after wounding and inoculation, we made a list of cultivars that were used in controlled crosses to increase resistance. Surveys and studies of other Italian researchers found other cultivars, some of the names are the same across studies. Methods of selections were also different. In the years we have continued searching other sources of resistance, and a few years ago we started using also old local germplasm showing to be little prone to infections
List of cultivars scored tolerant/resistant
The main tree and fruit characteristics of the CRA-FRF selections showing a good tolerance to artificial inoculations , are here described; , also three Italian landraces showing a high tolerance to monilinia are described. ‘Gialla tardiva‘ was identified because, after a hail event and differently from many other varieties in collection, the fruit did not show rot symptoms, as the wounds cicatrized very fast. The artificial inoculation tests on intact fruits confirmed the good resistance to the infection (IF: 16.5%); on the other hand, the inoculation of wounded fruits determined the development of a large rot also in this genotype. Another old Italian variety, the yellow-fleshed nectarine ‘Tardiva di San Filippo‘, up to now assessed only on unwounded fruits, showed promising results.
Crosses realised during the project to combine brown rot and mildew resistances
Genitors of resistance of more or less low agronomic value