1. Sadayuki Furuhashi
Founder & Software Architect
Treasure Data, inc.
EmbulkAn open-source plugin-based parallel bulk data loader
that makes painful data integration work relaxed.
Sharing our knowledge on RubyGems to manage arbitrary files.

2. A little about me...
> Sadayuki Furuhashi
> github/twitter: @frsyuki
> Treasure Data, Inc.
> Founder & Software Architect
> Open-source hacker
> MessagePack - Efficient object serializer
> Fluentd - An unified data collection tool
> Prestogres - PostgreSQL protocol gateway for Presto
> Embulk - A plugin-based parallel bulk data loader
> ServerEngine - A Ruby framework to build multiprocess servers
> LS4 - A distributed object storage with cross-region replication
> kumofs - A distributed strong-consistent key-value data store

3. Today’s talk
> What’s Embulk?
> How Embulk works?
> The architecture
> Writing Embulk plugins
> Roadmap & Development
> Q&A + Discussion

4. What’s Embulk?
> An open-source parallel bulk data loader
> using plugins
> to make data integration relaxed.

5. What’s Embulk?
> An open-source parallel bulk data loader
> loads records from “A” to “B”
> using plugins
> for various kinds of “A” and “B”
> to make data integration relaxed.
> which was very painful…
Storage, RDBMS,
NoSQL, Cloud Service,
etc.
broken records,
transactions (idempotency),
performance, …

6. The pains of bulk data loading
Example: load a 10GB CSV file to PostgreSQL
> 1. First attempt → fails
> 2. Write a script to make the records cleaned
• Convert ”20150127T190500Z” → “2015-01-27 19:05:00 UTC”
• Convert “N" → “”
• many cleanings…
> 3. Second attempt → another error
• Convert “Inf” → “Infinity”
> 4. Fix the script, retry, retry, retry…
> 5. Oh, some data got loaded twice!?

7. The pains of bulk data loading
Example: load a 10GB CSV file to PostgreSQL
> 6. Ok, the script worked.
> 7. Register it to cron to sync data every day.
> 8. One day… it fails with another error
• Convert invalid UTF-8 byte sequence to U+FFFD

8. The pains of bulk data loading
Example: load 10GB CSV × 720 files
> Most of scripts are slow.
• People have little time to optimize bulk load scripts
> One file takes 1 hour → 720 files takes 1 month (!?)
A lot of integration efforts for each storages:
> XML, JSON, Apache log format (+some custom), …
> SAM, BED, BAI2, HDF5, TDE, SequenceFile, RCFile…
> MongoDB, Elasticsearch, Redshift, Salesforce, …

9. The problems:
> Data cleaning (normalization)
> How to normalize broken records?
> Error handling
> How to remove broken records?
> Idempotent retrying
> How to retry without duplicated loading?
> Performance optimization
> How to optimize the code or parallelize?

10. The problems at Treasure Data
Treasure Data Service?
> “Fast, powerful SQL access to big data from connected
applications and products, with no new infrastructure or
special skills required.”
> Customers want to try Treasure Data, but
> SEs write scripts to bulk load their data. Hard work :(
> Customers want to migrate their big data, but
> Hard work :(
> Fluentd solved streaming data collection, but
> bulk data loading is another problem.

11. A solution:
> Package the efforts as a plugin.
> data cleaning, error handling, retrying
> Share & reuse the plugin.
> don’t repeat the pains!
> Keep improving the plugin code.
> rather than throwing away the efforts every time
> using OSS-style pull-reqs & frequent releases.

12. Embulk
Embulk is an open-source, plugin-based
parallel bulk data loader
that makes data integration works relaxed.

13. HDFS
MySQL
Amazon S3
Embulk
CSV Files
SequenceFile
Salesforce.com
Elasticsearch
Cassandra
Hive
Redis

14. HDFS
MySQL
Amazon S3
Embulk
CSV Files
SequenceFile
Salesforce.com
Elasticsearch
Cassandra
Hive
Redis
✓ Parallel execution
✓ Data validation
✓ Error recovery
✓ Deterministic behavior
✓ Idempotet retrying
bulk load

15. HDFS
MySQL
Amazon S3
Embulk
CSV Files
SequenceFile
Salesforce.com
Elasticsearch
Cassandra
Hive
Redis
✓ Parallel execution
✓ Data validation
✓ Error recovery
✓ Deterministic behavior
✓ Idempotet retrying
Plugins Plugins
bulk load

16. How Embulk works?

17. # install
$ wget https://bintray.com/artifact/download/
embulk/maven/embulk-0.2.0.jar -o embulk.jar
$ chmod 755 embulk.jar
Installing embulk
Bintray
releases
Embulk is released on Bintray
wget embulk.jar

18. # install
$ wget https://bintray.com/artifact/download/
embulk/maven/embulk-0.2.0.jar -o embulk.jar
$ chmod 755 embulk.jar
# guess
$ vi partial-config.yml
$ ./embulk guess partial-config.yml
-o config.yml
Guess format & schema in:
type: file
paths: [data/examples/]
out:
type: example
in:
type: file
paths: [data/examples/]
decoders:
- {type: gzip}
parser:
charset: UTF-8
newline: CRLF
type: csv
delimiter: ','
quote: '"'
header_line: true
columns:
- name: time
type: timestamp
format: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
- name: account
type: long
- name: purchase
type: timestamp
format: '%Y%m%d'
- name: comment
type: string
out:
type: example
guess
by guess plugins

19. # install
$ wget https://bintray.com/artifact/download/
embulk/maven/embulk-0.2.0.jar -o embulk.jar
$ chmod 755 embulk.jar
# guess
$ vi partial-config.yml
$ ./embulk guess partial-config.yml
-o config.yml
# preview
$ ./embulk preview config.yml
$ vi config.yml # if necessary
+--------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------+
| time:timestamp | uid:long | word:string |
+--------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------+
| 2015-01-27 19:23:49 UTC | 32,864 | embulk |
| 2015-01-27 19:01:23 UTC | 14,824 | jruby |
| 2015-01-28 02:20:02 UTC | 27,559 | plugin |
| 2015-01-29 11:54:36 UTC | 11,270 | fluentd |
+--------------------------------------+---------------+--------------------+
Preview & fix config

20. # install
$ wget https://bintray.com/artifact/download/
embulk/maven/embulk-0.2.0.jar -o embulk.jar
$ chmod 755 embulk.jar
# guess
$ vi partial-config.yml
$ ./embulk guess partial-config.yml
-o config.yml
# preview
$ ./embulk preview config.yml
$ vi config.yml # if necessary
# run
$ ./embulk run config.yml -o config.yml
in:
type: file
paths: [data/examples/]
decoders:
- {type: gzip}
parser:
charset: UTF-8
newline: CRLF
type: csv
delimiter: ','
quote: '"'
header_line: true
columns:
- name: time
type: timestamp
format: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
- name: account
type: long
- name: purchase
type: timestamp
format: '%Y%m%d'
- name: comment
type: string
last_paths: [data/examples/sample_001.csv.gz]
out:
type: example
Deterministic run

21. in:
type: file
paths: [data/examples/]
decoders:
- {type: gzip}
parser:
charset: UTF-8
newline: CRLF
type: csv
delimiter: ','
quote: '"'
header_line: true
columns:
- name: time
type: timestamp
format: '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'
- name: account
type: long
- name: purchase
type: timestamp
format: '%Y%m%d'
- name: comment
type: string
last_paths: [data/examples/sample_002.csv.gz]
out:
type: example
Repeat
# install
$ wget https://bintray.com/artifact/download/
embulk/maven/embulk-0.2.0.jar -o embulk.jar
$ chmod 755 embulk.jar
# guess
$ vi partial-config.yml
$ ./embulk guess partial-config.yml
-o config.yml
# preview
$ ./embulk preview config.yml
$ vi config.yml # if necessary
# run
$ ./embulk run config.yml -o config.yml
# repeat
$ ./embulk run config.yml -o config.yml
$ ./embulk run config.yml -o config.yml

22. The architecture

23. InputPlugin OutputPlugin
Embulk
executor plugin
read records write records

24. InputPlugin OutputPlugin
Embulk
executor plugin
MySQL, Cassandra,
HBase, Elasticsearch,
Treasure Data, …
record
record

25. InputPlugin
FileInputPlugin
OutputPlugin
FileOutputPlugin
EncoderPlugin
FormatterPlugin
DecoderPlugin
ParserPlugin
Embulk
executor plugin
read files
decompress
parse files
into records
write files
compress
format records
into files

26. InputPlugin
FileInputPlugin
OutputPlugin
FileOutputPlugin
EncoderPlugin
FormatterPlugin
DecoderPlugin
ParserPlugin
Embulk
executor plugin
HDFS, S3,
Riak CS, …
gzip, bzip2,
3des, …
CSV, JSON,
RCFile, …
buffer
buffer
record
record
buffer
buffer

27. Writing Embulk plugins

28. InputPlugin
module Embulk
class InputExample < InputPlugin
Plugin.register_input('example', self)
def self.transaction(config, &control)
# read config
task = {
'message' =>
config.param('message', :string, default: nil)
}
threads = config.param('threads', :int, default:
2)
columns = [
Column.new(0, 'col0', :long),
Column.new(1, 'col1', :double),
Column.new(2, 'col2', :string),
]
# BEGIN here
commit_reports = yield(task, columns, threads)
# COMMIT here
puts "Example input finished"
return {}
end
def run(task, schema, index, page_builder)
puts "Example input thread #{@index}…"
10.times do |i|
@page_builder.add([i, 10.0, "example"])
end
@page_builder.finish
commit_report = { }
return commit_report
end
end
end

29. OutputPlugin
module Embulk
class OutputExample < OutputPlugin
Plugin.register_output('example', self)
def self.transaction(
config, schema,
processor_count, &control)
# read config
task = {
'message' =>
config.param('message', :string, default: "record")
}
puts "Example output started."
commit_reports = yield(task)
puts "Example output finished. Commit
reports = #{commit_reports.to_json}"
return {}
end
def initialize(task, schema, index)
puts "Example output thread #{index}..."
super
@message = task.prop('message', :string)
@records = 0
end
def add(page)
page.each do |record|
hash = Hash[schema.names.zip(record)]
puts "#{@message}: #{hash.to_json}"
@records += 1
end
end
def finish
end
def abort
end
def commit
commit_report = {
"records" => @records
}
return commit_report
end
end
end

30. GuessPlugin
# guess_gzip.rb
module Embulk
class GzipGuess < GuessPlugin
Plugin.register_guess('gzip', self)
GZIP_HEADER = "x1f
x8b".force_encoding('ASCII-8BIT').freeze
def guess(config, sample_buffer)
if sample_buffer[0,2] == GZIP_HEADER
return {"decoders" => [{"type" => "gzip"}]}
end
return {}
end
end
end
# guess_
module Embulk
class GuessNewline < TextGuessPlugin
Plugin.register_guess('newline', self)
def guess_text(config, sample_text)
cr_count = sample_text.count("r")
lf_count = sample_text.count("n")
crlf_count = sample_text.scan(/rn/).length
if crlf_count > cr_count / 2 && crlf_count >
lf_count / 2
return {"parser" => {"newline" => "CRLF"}}
elsif cr_count > lf_count / 2
return {"parser" => {"newline" => "CR"}}
else
return {"parser" => {"newline" => "LF"}}
end
end
end
end

31. Releasing to RubyGems
Examples
> embulk-plugin-postgres-json.gem
> https://github.com/frsyuki/embulk-plugin-postgres-json
> embulk-plugin-redis.gem
> https://github.com/komamitsu/embulk-plugin-redis
> embulk-plugin-input-sfdc-event-log-files.gem
> https://github.com/nahi/embulk-plugin-input-sfdc-event-
log-files

32. Roadmap & Development

33. Roadmap
> Add missing JRuby Plugin APIs
> ParserPlugin, FormatterPlugin
> DecoderPlugin, EncoderPlugin
> Add Executor plugin SPI
> Add ssh distributed executor
> embulk run —command ssh %host embulk run %task
> Add MapReduce executor
> Add support for nested records (?)

34. Contributing to the Embulk project
> Pull-requests & issues on Github
> Posting blogs
> “I tried Embulk. Here is how it worked”
> “I read Embulk code. Here is how it’s written”
> “Embulk is good because…but bad because…”
> Talking on Twitter with a word “embulk"
> Writing & releasing plugins
> Windows support
> Integration to other software
> ETL tools, Fluentd, Hadoop, Presto, …

35. Q&A + Discussion?
Hiroshi Nakamura
@nahi
Muga Nishizawa
@muga_nishizawa
Sadayuki Furuhashi
@frsyuki
Embulk committers:

36. https://jobs.lever.co/treasure-data
Cloud service for the entire data pipeline.
We’re hiring!