1. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 1

2. PROGRAMMER ANARCHY
Fred George
Forward Internet Group, London, UK
fredgeorge@acm.org
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3. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 2

4. Experiences at...
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5. Experiences at...
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6. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 3

7. Performance
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8. Performance
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9. Performance
£3m £7m £13m £27m £55m
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10. Performance
£3m £7m £13m £27m £55m
£0.5m £0.7m £1.0m £3.9m £10.0m
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11. £100m
Performance
£3m £7m £13m £27m £55m
£0.5m £0.7m £1.0m £3.9m £10.0m
£15m
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12. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 4

13. Why is Forward Working?
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14. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 5

15. Cynefin Framework:
Model for Problems
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16. Cynefin Framework:
Model for Problems
✦ Father is Dave Snowden
✦ Published in Harvard Business Review, 2007
✦ A Leader's Framework for Decision Making
✦ Early publishing starting in 2000 from work at IBM
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17. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 6

18. The Cynefin Framework
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19. The Cynefin Framework
Complicated
Simple
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20. The Cynefin Framework
Complicated
Cause  Effect
Simple
Cause  Effect
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 6

21. The Cynefin Framework
Complex Complicated
Cause ? Effect Cause  Effect
Chaotic Simple
Effect? Cause? Cause  Effect
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 6

22. The Cynefin Framework
Complex Complicated
Disorder
Chaotic Simple
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23. The Cynefin Framework
Complex Complicated
Disorder
Chaotic Simple
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24. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 7

25. Effective Organizations
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 7

26. Effective Organizations
Complex Complicated
Chaotic Simple
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 7

27. Effective Organizations
Complex Complicated
Chaotic Simple
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 7

28. Effective Organizations
Complex Complicated
Chaotic Simple
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 7

29. Effective Organizations
Complex Complicated
Chaotic Simple
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 7

30. Effective Organizations
Complex Complicated
Chaotic Simple
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Cynefin Framework by Dave Snowden 7

31. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 8

32. Agile Manifesto
✦ Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
✦ Working software over comprehensive documentation
✦ Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
✦ Responding to change over following a plan
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33. Agile Manifesto
✦ Individuals and interactions over processes and tools✓
✦ Working software over comprehensive documentation ✓
✦ Customer collaboration over contract negotiation ✓
✦ Responding to change over following a plan ✓
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34. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 9

35. XP Values
✦ Feedback
✦ Communication
✦ Simplicity
✦ Courage
✦ Respect
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36. XP Values
✦ Feedback ✓
✦ Communication ✓
✦ ✓
Simplicity
✦ Courage ✓
✦ Respect ✓
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37. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 10

38. Agile Best Practices
✦ Stand ups ✦ Unit tests
✦ Story narratives ✦ Acceptance tests
✦ Retrospectives ✦ Refactoring
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns
✦ Iterations ✦ Continuous integration
✦ Mandatory pairing
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39. Agile Best Practices Not Used
✦ Stand ups ✦ Unit tests
✦ Story narratives ✦ Acceptance tests
✦ Retrospectives ✦ Refactoring
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns
✦ Iterations ✦ Continuous integration
✦ Mandatory pairing
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40. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 11

41. Agile Impact:
Trust
between Customer and Developer
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42. Trust
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43. Trust
waterfall
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44. WHY?
✦ Larger systems
✦ Higher expectations
✦ Volatile commercial
environments
Trust ✦ etc...
waterfall
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45. Trust
waterfall
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Idea from Mark Durrand, uSwitch 13

46. agile/lean
Trust
waterfall
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Idea from Mark Durrand, uSwitch 13

47. Lean
Kanban
Trust SCRUM Agile
XP
waterfall agile/lean
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Idea from Mark Durrand, uSwitch 13

48. Trust
Cultural
Chasm
waterfall agile/lean
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Idea from Mark Durrand, uSwitch 13

49. ✦ Frequency of interaction
✦ Process impact
✦ Fewer roles (& titles!)
Trust
Cultural
Chasm
waterfall agile/lean
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Idea from Mark Durrand, uSwitch 13

50. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 14

51. Role Impact
management
Agile
Roles
business development
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52. Role Impact project
manager
iteration
management manager
Agile
Roles
business development
customer programmer architect
QA
BA UI designer
DBA
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53. Role Impact project
manager
iteration
management manager
Agile
Roles
business development
customer
QA developer
BA
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54. Trust
Cultural
Chasm
Fortune 50 story
waterfall agile/lean
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Idea from Mark Durrand, uSwitch 15

55. Cultural
Chasm
Trust
Fortune 50 story
waterfall agile/lean
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd Idea from Mark Durrand, uSwitch 15

56. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 16

57. Agile Roles
✦ Customer
✦ Project manager
✦ Business analyst
✦ Developer
✦ Quality assurance / tester
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58. Agile Roles
✦ Customer ✓
✦ Project manager
✦ Business analyst
✦ Developer ✓
✦ Quality assurance / tester
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59. Agile Roles
✦ Customer ✓
✦ X
Project manager
✦ Business analyst X
✦ Developer ✓
✦ Quality assurance / tester X
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60. Agile Roles Reduced Again...
✦ Customer ✓
✦ X
Project manager
✦ Business analyst X
✦ Developer ✓
✦ Quality assurance / tester X
✦ Manager of programmers X
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61. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 17

62. Developer-Driven Development
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63. Developer-Driven Development
Open Source Business
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64. Developer-Driven Development
PROGRAMMER ANARCHY
Open Source Business
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65. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 18

66. Why “ANARCHY”
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67. Why “ANARCHY”
✦ EMPOWERMENT
✦ Somebody “gives” it
✦ Somebody can “take
it away”
✦ Leads to “Can I ... ?”
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68. Why “ANARCHY”
✦ EMPOWERMENT ✦ ANARCHY
✦ Somebody “gives” it ✦ Nobody to ask
✦ Somebody can “take ✦ Can’t stop someone
it away” else
✦ Leads to “Can I ... ?” ✦ Disagreements
expected
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69. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 19

70. Matching Work and Devs
Stories Devs
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71. Matching Work and Devs
Stories Devs
Stand Up
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72. Matching Work and Devs
Projects Devs
“Resource Rumble”
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73. Matching Work and Devs
Projects Devs
Who?
“Resource Rumble”
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74. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 20

75. Agile Side Effect:
Story Tyranny
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76. Agile Side Effect:
Story Tyranny
✦ Development driven by stories
✦ Stories small
✦ Priority set by customer
✦ Story-level estimates and metrics
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77. Agile Side Effect:
Story Tyranny
✦ Development driven by stories
✦ Stories small
✦ Priority set by customer
✦ Story-level estimates and metrics
Problem:
Developers become disconnected
from business problem (Drones)
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78. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 21

79. Business Decisions Shift...
Trust
waterfall agile/lean anarchy
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80. Business Decisions Shift...
Cust Dev
Trust
waterfall agile/lean anarchy
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81. Business Decisions Shift...
Cust Dev
Trust
Cust Dev
waterfall agile/lean anarchy
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82. Business Decisions Shift...
Cust Dev
Trust
Cust Dev
Cust Dev
waterfall agile/lean anarchy
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83. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 22

84. forwardtechnology.co.uk
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85. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 23

86. Example: Energy Revolution
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87. Example: Energy Revolution
✦ Prior system:
✦ .NET with SQLServer
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88. Example: Energy Revolution
✦ Prior system:
✦ .NET with SQLServer
✦ New system:
✦ Ruby, Clojure, C++
✦ MySQL, MongoDB
✦ HAML, SASS
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89. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 24

90. Example: Energy Revolution
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91. Example: Energy Revolution
✦ Ruby for energy calculation - big improvement!
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92. Example: Energy Revolution
✦ Ruby for energy calculation - big improvement!
✦ Rewrote in Clojure
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93. Example: Energy Revolution
✦ Ruby for energy calculation - big improvement!
✦ Rewrote in Clojure
✦ Rewrote in Clojure (again)
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94. Example: Energy Revolution
✦ Ruby for energy calculation - big improvement!
✦ Rewrote in Clojure
✦ Rewrote in Clojure (again)
Question: What manager would let them to do it?
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95. Example: Energy Revolution
✦ Ruby for energy calculation - big improvement!
✦ Rewrote in Clojure
✦ Rewrote in Clojure (again)
Question: What manager would let them to do it?
Hence: No manager!
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96. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 25

97. Example: Click Tracking
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98. Example: Click Tracking
✦ Old system:
✦ Ruby-based, 32 servers with 40% utilization
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99. Example: Click Tracking
✦ Old system:
✦ Ruby-based, 32 servers with 40% utilization
✦ New system:
✦ Node.js, 22 servers with 10% utilization and lower
latency
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100. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 26

101. Cultural Enablers
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102. Cultural Enablers
Fear is the
mind killer
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103. Cultural Enablers
Sound finances
Like risk
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104. Cultural Enablers
Sound finances
Like risk
Clarity of Developer
success focused
Respected peers
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105. Cultural Enablers
Do or not do,
Sound finances there is no try
Like risk Experimentation
drives innovation
If you are not failing,
you are not trying
Clarity of Developer
success focused
Respected peers
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106. Cultural Enablers
Do or not do,
Sound finances there is no try
Like risk Experimentation
drives innovation
If you are not failing,
you are not trying
Clarity of Developer
success focused The greatest barrier
to success is
Respected peers the fear of failure
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107. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 27

108. Agile Best Practices Not Used
✦ Stand ups ✦ Unit tests
✦ Story narratives ✦ Acceptance tests
✦ Retrospectives ✦ Refactoring
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns
✦ Iterations ✦ Continuous integration
✦ Mandatory pairing
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109. Agile Best Practices Not Used
Trust w
✦ Stand ups collocation ✦ Unit tests
✦ Story narratives ✦ Acceptance tests
✦ Retrospectives ✦ Refactoring
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns
✦ Iterations ✦ Continuous integration
✦ Mandatory pairing
Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 27

110. Agile Best Practices Not Used
Trust w
✦ Stand ups collocation ✦ Unit tests
✦ Story narratives ✦ Acceptance tests
✦ Retrospectives ✦ Refactoring
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns
Results,
✦ Iterations not blame ✦ Continuous integration
✦ Mandatory pairing
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111. Agile Best Practices Not Used
Trust w
✦ Stand ups collocation ✦ Unit tests
✦ Story narratives ✦ Acceptance tests
Small,
✦ Retrospectives ✦ Refactoring
short-lived
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns apps
Results,
✦ Iterations not blame ✦ Continuous integration
✦ Mandatory pairing
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112. Agile Best Practices Not Used
Trust w
✦ Stand ups collocation ✦ Unit tests
✦ Story narratives ✦ Acceptance tests
Small,
✦ Retrospectives ✦ Refactoring
short-lived
✦ Estimates ✦ Patterns apps
Results,
✦ Iterations not blame ✦ Continuous integration
✦ Mandatory pairing Continuous
deployment
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113. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 28

114. Reality Check
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115. Reality Check
✦ Different extent by team
✦ Talent, experience, apprehension
✦ Anarchy exists in how Anarchy is implemented
✦ Even our best Anarchists “ask” on occasion
✦ Commercial success driving freedom
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116. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 29

117. Acknowledgments
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118. Acknowledgments
✦ Anarchists
✦ Andy Kent
✦ Paul Ingles
✦ Mike Jones
✦ ... and the rest of the Search Team
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119. Acknowledgments
✦ Anarchists
✦ Andy Kent
✦ Paul Ingles
✦ Mike Jones
✦ ... and the rest of the Search Team
✦ Enablers
✦ Carl Gaywood and Neil Hutchinson
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120. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 30

121. PROGRAMMER ANARCHY
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122. Copyright © 2011 by Forward Internet Group, Ltd 30