Citizens and ICT for Health in 14 EU countries: results from an online panel survey (14,000 responses)
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![[object Object],The Digital Agenda stresses how "by harnessing the full potential of ICT, Europe could much better address some of its most acute societal challenges: climate change and other pressures on our environment, an ageing population and rising health costs " ICT for Social Challenges: reducing health inequalities; promoting active and healthy ageing; and increasing empowerment - Action 75: Give Europeans secure online access to their medical health data - Action 76: Propose a recommendation to define a minimum common set of patient data - Action 77: Foster EU-wide standards, interoperability testing and certification of eHealth - Action 78: Reinforce the Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) Joint Programme European Innovation Partnerships on Active and Healthy Ageing (chronic patients; the elderly; RMT) - Prevention - Care and cure - Independent living Policy context](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-2-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
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![Technological properties of ICT (hardware, software, content) Social determinants of ICT for Health SOCIOECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONTEXT Health Information Sources Trust Awareness Material Skills Usage ICT for Health READINESS Evaluation Usefulness Learning Social life ICT for Health ASSESSMENT Health care Demand Health Management Health care Quality ICT for Health IMPACT Individual uses Social uses BARRIERS EMPOWERMENT TRIGGERS ICT for Health MOTIVATION Motivation Material Skills Usage ICT ACCESS Social cohesion & Social capital Distribution of Health and well-being Material circumstances Social Cohesion Psychosocial factors Behaviour Biological factors Intermediary determinants Health System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Structural determinants Willingness to use ICT for Health ICT FOR HEALTH ACCESS PARTICIPATORY HEALTH](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-9-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
![Health care Demand Health Management Health care Quality Health Information Sources Trust Motivation Material Skills Usage ICT ACCESS Evaluation Usefulness Learning Social life ICT for Health IMPACT Individual uses Social uses PARTICIPATORY HEALTH Awareness Material Skills Usage BARRIERS EMPOWERMENT TRIGGERS Willingness to use ICT for Health ICT for Health MOTIVATION ICT for Health ASSESSMENT ICT for Health READINESS Material circumstances Social Cohesion Psychosocial factors Behaviour Biological factors Distribution of Health and well-being Intermediary determinants Health System Social cohesion & Social capital ICT FOR HEALTH ACCESS Technological properties of ICT (hardware, software, content) Social determinants of ICT for Health ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SOCIOECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONTEXT Structural determinants](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-10-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
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![Methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-14-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
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![Health care Demand Health Management Health care Quality Health Information Sources Trust Tech uses Social uses - Web 2.0 Individual uses - eCom Basic uses ICT USAGE Usefulness - Learning Social life ICT for Health IMPACT PARTICIPATORY HEALTH Information & Communication Services & Devices Willingness to use ICT for Health ICT for Health MOTIVATION ICT for Health ASSESSMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Material circumstances Social Cohesion Psychosocial factors Behaviour Biological factors SOCIOECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONTEXT Distribution of Health and well-being Intermediary determinants Structural determinants Health System ICT FOR HEALTH ACCESS Social cohesion & Social capital Technological properties of ICT (hardware, software, content) A1 – A2 – A3 A4 – A5 – A6 – A7 – A8 A11-A12 E1 E2 E5 E7 E9,E10,E11,E12 Traditional sources Health professionals Social media sources Institutional Companies Information and professional Interaction and organisation Triggers Individual oriented Social & Services oriented Empowerment Competences Control Barriers Lack of confidence Lack of readiness Internet Health information use Services & devices use Web 2.0 uses Quality of care & healthy behaviours Health care access Individual uses Social uses ICT for Health USAGE](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-38-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
![[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-46-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
![Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-47-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Conclusions](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-48-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
![Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-49-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
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![Thank you very much for your attention Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva, PhD @flupianez http://www.ictconsequences.net [email_address] Information Society Unit European Commission, DG JRC Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) Edificio Expo - Calle Inca Garcilaso, s/n E-41092 Seville - Spain http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu Phone +34 954 488 206 (direct) Fax +34 954 488 208](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/onlinepanelsimphs2v08-120210053804-phpapp01/75/citizens-and-ict-for-health-in-14-eu-countries-results-from-an-online-panel-survey-14000-responses-51-2048.jpg?cb=1668167132)
Citizens and ICT for Health in 14 EU countries: results from an online panel survey (14,000 responses)
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Citizens and ICT for Health in 14 EU countries: results from an online panel survey (14,000 responses)
- 1. The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do not (necessarily) reflect the position of the European Commission. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission can be hold responsible for the use which is made of this presentation Citizens and ICT for Health in 14 EU countries: results from an online panel survey SIMPHS 2 - Validation Workshop 30/01/2012 (Brussels) Survey results presentation
- 3. Objectives Analysing the demand side - To develop typologies of digital healthcare users and measure the impact of ICT and the Internet on health status, health care demand and health management. - To identify factors that can enhance or inhibit the role and use of Personal Health Systems from citizens' perspective with special emphasis on mHealth, RMT, disease management, Telecare, Telemedicine, Wellness
- 6. Social determinants of Health World Health Organization., A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Discussion Paper Series on Social Determinants of Health,. 2010, Geneva: World Health Organization. 76 p.
- 7. Social determinants of ICT Divides Motivational Material Skills Usage Social determinants of Health
- 8. Social determinants of ICT for Health Social determinants of Health + Social determinants of ICT = Social determinants of ICT for Health
- 12. Methods Questionnaire design • Block A: Health status and health care and social care services use • Block B: ICT for Health Motivation and Health Information sources • Block C: ICT Access • Block D: ICT for Health Readiness and Evaluation • Block E: Socio demographic profile of participants
- 13. Methods Online survey technical information Population Citizens aged from 16 to 74 years old who have used the Internet in the last three months. Scope of countries Austria, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, United Kingdom Type of survey Online Sample size 1,000 interviews per country. 14,000 interviews in total. Quotas Country Gender (Female/Male) Age Group (16-24/ 25-54/ 55-74) Sampling error + 0.85% for overall data and + 3.16% for country-specific data. In all cases, a maximum indeterminate probability (p=q=50), for a confidence level of 95.5% is applicable for each one of the reference populations Weighting Proportional allocation for each country. Weighting by country to be able to interpret the overall data. Sampling Individuals have been sampled in a completely random manner.
- 16. ICT ACCESS
- 17. ICT ACCESS Basic uses Individual uses - eComm Tech uses Social – Web 2.0 uses
- 18. ICT ACCESS & AGE
- 19. ICT FOR HEALTH ACCESS MOTIVATION
- 20. TRIGGERS Social & Services oriented Individual-oriented
- 22. ICT for Health MOTIVATION - Empowerment Control oriented Competence oriented Competence oriented
- 23. MOTIVATION - Empowerment Control oriented
- 24. MOTIVATION - Empowerment Competence oriented Control oriented
- 25. BARRIERS Lack of confidence Lack of readiness
- 26. ICT FOR HEALTH ACCESS READINESS
- 27. ICT for Health READINESS Information and Communication Usage Awareness Skills Willingness
- 28. ICT for Health READINESS Services and Devices Usage Awareness Skills Willingness
- 29. Services and Devices usage % At least once Accessed or uploaded your information or health record through an Internet application provided by your healthcare organization Used a game console to play games related with your health or your wellness Used a health/wellness application on your mobile phone Used devices to transmit vital signs or other clinical information and/or received alarms or follow-up about your health Received any message about health promotion and/or health prevention Gender Male 20* 26* 23* 26* 41* Female 12 19 14 16 33 Age group 16-24 26* 38* 33* 30* 47* 25-54 15 22 17 20 36 55-74 7 5 4 16 29 Level of education completed Primary or lower secondary education 15 20 16 22 33 Upper secondary education 17 23 19 22* 37 Tertiary education 15 22 19 19 39* Type of locality Densely-populated area 18* 25* 21* 22* 41* Intermediate area 15 22 18 20 36 Thinly-populated area 11 18 13 20 32 Health status Bad 12 14 12 22 36 Neither good or bad 15 18 16 21 36 Good 16 24* 19* 21 38 Long standing illness Yes 14 18 15 22* 37* No 17* 25* 20* 20 37
- 30. ICT FOR HEALTH WILLINGNESS
- 31. ICT for Health WILLINGNESS Web 2.0 uses Internet Health Information Assuming that you were provided the possibility, state how likely it is that you would do the following during the next year?
- 32. ICT for Health READINESS Services and Devices Assuming that you were provided the possibility, state how likely it is that you would do the following during the next year?
- 33. ICT FOR HEALTH IMPACT
- 34. ICT for Health IMPACT Quality of care and Healthy behaviors Health care access
- 35. Health Information sources & Trust
- 36. Traditional media Health professionals Health Information sources & Trust Social media sources Institutional Trust Companies Trust
- 39. Social determinants of ICT for Health Tech uses Web 2.0 Basic uses Individual uses ICT Readiness ICT for Health Usage Services & devices Information & Communication ++ + ++ + + + + ++ ++ + Quality & Healthy behavior Healthcare access ICT for Health Impact - ICT for Health Triggers Social & Services oriented Individual oriented Competence oriented Control oriented Empowerment MOTIVATION Confidence Readiness Barriers + + + + Structural determinants Intermediary determinants Health System ++ Health problems
- 40. Social determinants of ICT for Health Tech uses Web 2.0 Basic uses Individual uses ICT Readiness ICT for Health Usage Services & devices Information & Communication ++ + ++ + + + + ++ ++ + Quality & Healthy behavior Healthcare access ICT for Health Impact - ICT for Health Triggers Social & Services oriented Individual oriented Competence oriented Control oriented Empowerment MOTIVATION Confidence Readiness Barriers + + + + Structural determinants Intermediary determinants Health System ++ Health problems
- 41. ICT for Health Willingness and Age SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT BEYOND INFORMATION FOSTERING ADVANCE USES
- 42. ICT for Health Impact and Age CURE, CARE AND INDEPENDENT LIVING HEALTH PREVENTION AND PROMOTION AS SERVICES
- 43. Health is social ICT for Health is also social Social engagement Household participation Peers
- 44. Correlation ICT usages / # Health problems ICT for Health Usage and Chronic Yes – No / Chronic illness reported
- 45. ICT for Health Skills and Age # ICT for Health activities (mean)
- 51. Thank you very much for your attention Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva, PhD @flupianez http://www.ictconsequences.net [email_address] Information Society Unit European Commission, DG JRC Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS) Edificio Expo - Calle Inca Garcilaso, s/n E-41092 Seville - Spain http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu Phone +34 954 488 206 (direct) Fax +34 954 488 208
Editor's Notes
- ONCE WE HAVE OVERVIEWED SOME OF THE MAIN FINDINGS WE GO BACK TO OUR FRAMEWORK TO MAP THE DIMENSIONS FOUND TRHOUGH MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
- THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG THESE DIMENSIONS OR CONCEPTS REVEALS THE COMPLEX ECONSYSTEM OF EHEALTH Social determinants of Health (structural and intermediary), especially education and age; produces different levels of ICT readiness. These levels are also related with LIFE EVENTS and embedded in individuals daily life. Advance uses of the Internet such as Tech and Web 2.0 uses are more likely to be carried out by young; healthy and well-educated population while basic uses are mostly performed by the elderly, therefore individuals with worse health status (chronic patients and individuals with more number of health problems reported). Unequal ICT readiness generates different of motivation. Individuals with more advance uses are triggered by the potential of ICT to facilitate social interaction and services related with health while individuals with basic and or individual uses are triggered basically by Internet health information for personal proposes. Furthermore, individuals with the lowest level of readiness (basic uses) and with more health problems reported are worried by the lack of confidence in the use of ICT for Health. Nevertheless, this lack of confidence is dismissed by a higher level of empowerment (competence oriented). Both ICT for Health usages (Services and Devices and Information and Communication) are specially driven by social and services triggers while individual triggers are just slightly correlated with Information and Communication usages, therefore less advance uses. Both dimensions of Empowerment pushed ICT for Health usage. Individuals who are more competence oriented are more likely to usage Information and Communication while individuals who are more control oriented are more likely to use Services and Devices. Thus individuals who feel more responsible for their health status are more likely to usage Services and Devices while individuals who want to be more autonomous (competence refers to aptitudes or qualities that make it possible to be more autonomous) are more likely to utilise Information and Communication. If we consider individuals’ education, age and health status it looks like Services and Devices are related with well-being and wellness practice, therefore with health prevention and promotion; while Information and Communication are more related with illness, therefore with cure and independent living All individuals using ICT for Health faced the same barriers ; therefore lack of confidence and lack of readiness are not correlated significantly with ICT for Health usages. Nevertheless, lack of confidence is negative correlated with ICT for Health impact on access dimension. Individuals need certain level of confidence on ICT for Health to go beyond information and communication and engage with services such as RMT; Personal Health Record or videoconference consultation. The utilisation of Services and devices are strongly correlated with the perception that ICT would have an impact on both healthcare access and quality and healthy behaviours while the utilisation of Information and Communication is slightly correlated just with Quality and healthy behaviours. Number of health problems reported by individuals is just slightly correlated with Information and Communication Usage and it is unrelated to Services and devices utilisation. Therefore, individuals who could take more advantage of Services and devices, due to their health status, are more likely to be oriented just to information and communication usage.
- THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG THESE DIMENSIONS OR CONCEPTS REVEALS THE COMPLEX ECONSYSTEM OF EHEALTH Social determinants of Health (structural and intermediary), especially education and age; produces different levels of ICT readiness. These levels are also related with LIFE EVENTS and embedded in individuals daily life. Advance uses of the Internet such as Tech and Web 2.0 uses are more likely to be carried out by young; healthy and well-educated population while basic uses are mostly performed by the elderly, therefore individuals with worse health status (chronic patients and individuals with more number of health problems reported). Unequal ICT readiness generates different of motivation. Individuals with more advance uses are triggered by the potential of ICT to facilitate social interaction and services related with health while individuals with basic and or individual uses are triggered basically by Internet health information for personal proposes. Furthermore, individuals with the lowest level of readiness (basic uses) and with more health problems reported are worried by the lack of confidence in the use of ICT for Health. Nevertheless, this lack of confidence is dismissed by a higher level of empowerment (competence oriented). Both ICT for Health usages (Services and Devices and Information and Communication) are specially driven by social and services triggers while individual triggers are just slightly correlated with Information and Communication usages, therefore less advance uses. Both dimensions of Empowerment pushed ICT for Health usage. Individuals who are more competence oriented are more likely to usage Information and Communication while individuals who are more control oriented are more likely to use Services and Devices. Thus individuals who feel more responsible for their health status are more likely to usage Services and Devices while individuals who want to be more autonomous (competence refers to aptitudes or qualities that make it possible to be more autonomous) are more likely to utilise Information and Communication. If we consider individuals’ education, age and health status it looks like Services and Devices are related with well-being and wellness practice, therefore with health prevention and promotion; while Information and Communication are more related with illness, therefore with cure and independent living All individuals using ICT for Health faced the same barriers; therefore lack of confidence and lack of readiness are not correlated significantly with ICT for Health usages. Nevertheless, lack of confidence is negative correlated with ICT for Health impact on access dimension. Individuals need certain level of confidence on ICT for Health to go beyond information and communication and engage with services such as RMT; Personal Health Record or videoconference consultation. The utilisation of Services and devices are strongly correlated with the perception that ICT would have an impact on both healthcare access and quality and healthy behaviours while the utilisation of Information and Communication is slightly correlated just with Quality and healthy behaviours. Number of health problems reported by individuals is just slightly correlated with Information and Communication Usage and it is unrelated to Services and devices utilisation. Therefore, individuals who could take more advantage of Services and devices, due to their health status, are more likely to be oriented just to information and communication usage.
- THIS OVERVIEW COULD BE analysed in greater depth and granularity. We will present some examples IF WE FOCUS ON WILLINGNESS TO USE ICT FOR HEALTH. WE CLEARLY IDENTIFY THREE PROFILES YOUNGER INDIVIDUALS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE WILLING TO UTILISE ICT FOR HEALTH WEB 2.0 USES AND SERVICES AND DEVICES WHILE ELDER INDIVIDUALS ARE MORE LIKELY TO BE WILLING TO UTILISE INTERNET HEALTH INFORMATION MIDDLE AGE INDIVIDUALS WHO ACT AS A GATEKEEPERS OF ICT FOR HEALTH TECHNOLOGIES WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD ARE SLIGTLY MORE ORIENTED TO INFORMATION AND SERVICES. THESE PROFILES ARE RELATED WITH DIFFERENT STAGE OF LIFE THEREFORE DIFFERENT HEALTH AND WELL-BEING NEEDS SO DIFFERENT PREVENTION, CURE AND CARE AND INDEPENDENT LIVING POSITION… SO WHAT TYPE OF ICT SOLUTIONS COULD BE OFFERED AND HOW THIS WILL EVOLVE