1.
<ul>Developing for the Views 7.3 API Frédéric G. MARAND aka fgm aka OSInet </ul>

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Session summary <ul><li>Concepts

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Basic integration: default views & embedding

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Drupal-style integration: lifecycle hooks

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Views-style integration: handlers & plugins

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Going further </li></ul>

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1. Concepts

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Concepts: Is this for you ? <ul><li>Views UI

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PHP5 OOP

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Module development </li></ul>

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Concepts: Views API, why care ? <ul><li>Code-based views

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Views-based code

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Views theming

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Extra view types </li></ul>

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Concepts: Why care ? More extras <ul><li>Handlers... </li><ul><li>Area contents

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Argument types

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Field types

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Filters

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Relationships

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Sort rules </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Plugins... </li><ul><li>Access controls

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Argument defaults

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Argument validators

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Caching mechanisms

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Exposed forms

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Localization

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Pager types

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Query engines

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Layouts </li></ul></ul>

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Concepts: I'm sold: what is a View ? <ul><li>A pre-built query </li><ul><li>SQL, NoSQL, WS...

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From Views UI or from code

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On known entities ....

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.... not in the EFQ sense </li></ul></ul>

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Concepts: What is a View, again ? <ul><li>A parametric query </li><ul><li>Arguments

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Exposed filters </li></ul><li>A query with formatted results </li><ul><li>Layout plugins: Display, Style, Row

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Themable

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Yes, it means a REPORT </li></ul></ul>

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Concepts: a report for coders <ul><li>The « exportable » concept </li><ul><li>Default views

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Normal views

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Overridden views </li></ul><li>Features, anyone ? </li></ul>

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Concepts: enough talk <ul>Time for some <?php hooks(); ?> </ul>

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2. Basic default/embed

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Basic: Hello, Views <ul><li>hook_views_api() </li><ul><li>Version matching

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Component location

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THE hook in your module </li></ul></ul>

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Basic: HVA demo <ul>(Switch to code view) </ul>

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Basic: intermezzo Intermezzo: hooks & OO in Views Skip to HVD

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Basic: hooks & OO in Views <ul><li>Hooks

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Passive observer pattern

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Parent is in charge </li><ul><li>can override child

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can extend child </li></ul><li>Implementations alter sibling results

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« horizontal » </li></ul><ul><li>Views OO

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Inheritance

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Children are in charge </li><ul><li>can override parent

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can extend parent </li></ul><li>No sibling results

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« vertical » </li></ul>

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Basic: Views objects <ul><li>views_db_object </li><ul><li>view

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view_display </li></ul><li>views_object </li><ul><li>views_handler

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views_plugin … And a small collection of miscellaneous classes </li></ul></ul>

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Basic: Views hooks <ul><li>Pseudo-hooks </li><ul><li>Declare a list of data

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Build a registry

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Use exactly one specified piece of data

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HV Data, HV DV, HV Plugins, HV QS… </li></ul><li>True hooks </li><ul><li>Accumulators: lifecycle hooks

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Alter hooks: HV QA, HV ALA </li></ul></ul>

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Basic: supporting custom tables <ul><li>hook_views_data </li><ul><li>Base tables </li><ul><li>[base] view type = base table

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The [table] array </li></ul><li>Linked tables </li><ul><li>POV: From the table being defined

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...to another (left) table via a (left) field

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...iteratively

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...until a base table is found at the far left </li></ul><li>Do not forget relationship handlers. Just not here.

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Yes, that's a pseudo-hook </li></ul></ul>Back to Intermezzo

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Basic: altering the schema <ul><li>hook_views_data_alter </li><ul><li>Plain Old Drupal Alterator </li></ul><li>Use cases </li><ul><li>Expose new fields in a table supported by another module

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Add new sorts, filters... to another module </li></ul><li>HVD/HVDA: Invocation time ? </li></ul>

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Basic: HVD demo <ul>Add Views support to dblog.module (Switch to code view) </ul>

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Basic: code-based Views <ul><li>hook_views_default_views </li><ul><li>Build a view object in code

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PHP as a DSL ?

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Didn't we see this somewhere else in Drupal ? </li></ul><li>Work process </li><ul><li>Views UI to/from code

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Single or multiple view files

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<?php ?> wrapper

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File names </li></ul></ul>

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Basic: HVDV demo <ul>Provide a default view to dblog.module (Switch to code view) </ul>

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Basic: a page with a view <ul><li>views_embed_view($name, $display = 'default') </li><ul><li>The good: </li><ul><li>Dead simple to use

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Argument passing </li></ul><li>The bad: </li><ul><li>Default display ? Really ?

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$view unavailable </li></ul><li>The ugly: </li><ul><li>Display side effects </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Basic: a page with a better view <ul><li>view::execute_display() </li><ul><li>Still side effects

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But more control: $view is available </li></ul><li>view::preview() </li><ul><li>Core of views_embed_view()

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Can refine the process as needed

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$view available </li></ul></ul>

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3. Drupal-style: lifecycle hooks

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Drupal style: early lifecycle hooks <ul><li>A bunch of traditional hooks

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From view initialization to result rendering: </li><ul><li>HV_pre_view : </li><ul><li>start, no work done

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Alter view with view::attachment_(before|after) </li></ul><li>HV_pre_build : </li><ul><li>Displays initialized

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Alter view with view::attachment_(before|after)

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Before query building </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Drupal style: query lifecycle hooks <ul><li>HV_query_alter() </li><ul><li>Modify the query

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Beware the aliases ! </li></ul><li>HV_query_substitutions </li><ul><li>Pseudo-hook: registry of ***CURRENT_USER*** -like

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Uncommon in « userland » </li></ul><li>HV_pre_execute </li><ul><li>nodeAccess not yet applied </li></ul></ul>

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Drupal style: render lifecycle hooks <ul><li>Query executed

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HV_pre_render </li><ul><li>After the pre_render() methods in handlers </li></ul><li>HV_admin_links_alter </li><ul><li>Damage control on side effects

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Example: hide inline edit controls in list </li></ul><li>Theming </li><ul><li>Another story in its own right </li></ul></ul>

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4. Views style: handlers & plugins

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Views: handlers and plugins <ul><li>views_db_object : the helpful parent </li><ul><li>definition

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options

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forms </li></ul><li>views_handler </li><ul><li>define the query: fields, ordering, conditions, relations

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define area content </li></ul><li>views_plugin </li><ul><li>everything else

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including the query /engine/ </li></ul></ul>

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Views: « layout » plugins <ul><li>Display </li><ul><li>Outer content

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Define format: block, page, feed </li></ul><li>Style </li><ul><li>Row set

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Grid, table, list... </li></ul><li>Row </li><ul><li>Optional: some style plugins (table) have to intervene between rows

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Typical: views_plugin_row_fields </li></ul></ul>

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Views: access plugins <ul><li>Avoid running unauthorized queries

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Mandatory

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Built -in: </li><ul><li>None

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Permission (BCP)

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Role </li></ul></ul>

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Views: query plugin <ul><li>Build and run the actual query

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Mandatory

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Built-in: SQL via DBTNG (db_api in D6)

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Opportunity to interface non-SQL services with Views. Samples/experiments: </li><ul><li>EntityFieldQuery http://drupal.org/project/efq_views

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MongoDB http://bit.ly/mongodbviews

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Web Services http://bit.ly/extendrviews

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SPARQL, YQL, Wolfram Alpha, ApacheSolr... </li></ul></ul>

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Views: other plugins <ul><li>Argument plugins </li><ul><li>Not arguments themselves

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Default plugins

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Validation plugins </li></ul><li>Cache plugins </li><ul><li>Built-in: none, basic time-based

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Optional: views_content_cache </li></ul><li>Others </li><ul><li>Pagers, exposed_form, localization (none / core) </li></ul></ul>

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Views: implementing plugins <ul><li>Declare to Views </li><ul><li>hook_views_plugins

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views_discover_plugins </li></ul><li>File layout </li><ul><li>D7 autoloading: <module>.info

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One per plugin

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Naming conventions </li></ul><li>Alterability </li><ul><li>hook_views_plugins_alter() </li></ul></ul>

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Views: access plugin demo <ul>Write a variable-based access control plugin (Switch to code view) </ul>

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Views: access plugin questions <ul><li>Views caching ?

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Non-Views caching ? </li></ul>

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Views: simple handlers <ul><li>Filter handlers </li><ul><li>Add conditions rules

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Translate to WHERE or HAVING for SQL

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Express a problem space condition as a (set of) query engine conditions </li></ul><li>Sort handlers </li><ul><li>Add sorting rules

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Translate to ORDER BY for SQL

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Express a problem space sorting as a query ordering </li></ul></ul>

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Views: field handlers <ul><li>Basic </li><ul><li>Expose a DB column under its own name </li></ul><li>Evolved </li><ul><li>Expose several aliases from a single column

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Synthesize several columns into one field </li></ul></ul>

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Views: complex handlers <ul><li>Relationships </li><ul><li>Remember implicit joins ? Make them explicit

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Allow multiple named join paths from table to base </li></ul><li>Arguments </li><ul><li>Basically filters

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But context-injected

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Can modify page: title, breadcrumbs...

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Can modify display: eg summary mode </li></ul><li>Aggregate GROUP BY support ? </li><ul><li>argument & field & filter & sort </li></ul></ul>

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Views: area handlers <ul><li>Areas ? </li><ul><li>Header

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Footer

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Empty </li></ul><li>Why ? </li><ul><li>No more in-DB PHP to have dynamic area content

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No more embedded views just for dynamic area content </li></ul><li>Why handlers ? </li><ul><li>Field handlers for the #global virtual table </li></ul></ul>

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Views: implementing handlers <ul><li>Declare to Views </li><ul><li>No more hook_views_handlers

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Properties: hook_views_data[_alter]

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D7 autoloading: <module>.info </li></ul><li>File layout: like plugins </li></ul>

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Views: area handler demo <ul>(Switch to code view) </ul>

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5. Going further

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Going further: more info <ul><li>This is just an intro! </li><ul><li>Merlinofchaos' et alii book about Views 2 still relevant

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http://bit.ly/cckviewspanels </li></ul><li>Online </li><ul><li>http://views.doc.logrus.com/

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Advanced Help in your own site </li></ul><li>Freenode IRC : </li><ul><li>Work on Views itself: #drupal-views

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Support for your Views code: #drupal and #drupal-contribute (for contrib) </li></ul></ul>

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The mandatory plug <ul><li>This session is only an excerpt from the hands -on OSInet DR-713 course </li><ul><li>7-hour hands-on workshop

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Available in English and French

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On-demand in other languages </li></ul><li>OSInet is a state registered french training provider with a full Drupal training syllabus </li><ul><li>From content creator... to site builder ...

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...to advanced module developer [email_address] </li></ul></ul>

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The « other » mandatory plug We're hiring ! [email_address]

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<ul></Developing for the Views 7.3 API Frédéric G. MARAND aka fgm aka OSInet> </ul>