This document discusses the history and types of RAM. It begins by defining RAM as random access memory that is volatile and temporary. It then describes the two main types: static RAM and dynamic RAM (DRAM). The document proceeds to discuss the evolution of different DRAM technologies over time, including FPM DRAM, EDO DRAM, SDR RAM, DDR RAM, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4. It notes that each new generation provides improved efficiency and speed over the previous. The document concludes by discussing some limitations of RAM and promising future technologies like RRAM and Z-RAM.

1. IN THE NAME OF ALLAH WHO IS THE
MOST BENEFICENT AND MOST
MERCIFUL.

2. GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
RAILWAY ROAD LAHORE
FARAZ QURESHI
14-BSM-101
SECTION A
(BSC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY)
SESSION 2014-2018
PRESENTED BY:

3. RAM AND ITS TYPES

4. RAM
RAM stands for Random access memory. Also called
Volatile memory or Temporary memory. It is a type of
temporary storage devices. It does not store data
permanently. RAM loses all its data once the power is
turned off.

5. TYPES OF RAM
RAM is basically of two types:
 Static RAM
Dynamic RAM
Static RAM is a type of RAM that keeps the data fed to it. It
never has to be refreshed. This makes static RAM significantly
faster than dynamic RAM . Static memory cell takes up a lot
more space on a chip than a dynamic memory cell. This makes
Static RAM expensive than DRAM.
On the other hand, Dynamic RAM constantly needs to be
refreshed otherwise the stored data will be lost.

6. TYPES OF DRAM
FPM DRAM:-
FPM DRAM stands for FAST PAGE MODE DYNAMIC
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY. It was the original form of DRAM. It waits
through the entire process of locating a bit of data by column and row
and then reading the bit before it starts on the next bit. It operated at
approximately 176 Mbps.Its clock rate is 25 MHZ.
I. Capacity 4MB – 128MB.
II. Pins 30 .
III. Introduced in 1990.
IV. Used in 80286 model

7. EDO DRAM:-
EDO DRAM stand for Extended Data Out Dynamic Random
Access Memory. EDO DRAM was a moderate form of FMP DRAM. Its
efficiency and speed is greater then FPM DRAM. It operate at
approximately 264MBPs.It is about five percent faster than FPM.
I. Introduced in 1994.
II. Range 1Mb-512 Mb.
III. Clock rate 40MHz.
IV. Pins 72
V. Used in 80386,80486 and p1.
VI. Pins golden

8. SDR RAM:-
SDR RAM stand for Single Data Rate Random Access Memory.
SDR RAM was a moderate form of EDO DRAM.
I. Introduced in 1996.
II. Range 4MB-1GB.
III. Clock rate 133MHz.
IV. Pins 168.
V. Cuts is 2.
VI. Used In p2,p3 and p4.

9. RD RAM:-
RD RAM stand for Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory. RD
RAM was a moderate form of SDR RAM. Its efficiency and speed is
greater then SDR RAM.
I. Introduced in 1999.
II. Range 4MB-1GB.
III. Clock rate 400MHz
IV. Pins 184
V. Used in p4
VI. Cut is 2 in Centre

10. DDR RAM:-
DDR RAM stand for Double Data Rate Random Access Memory.
DDR RAM was a moderate form of SDR RAM. Its efficiency and speed is
greater then SDR RAM.
I. Introduced in 2000.
II. Range 4MB-2GB.
III. Clock rate 266MHz
IV. Pins 184
V. Used in p4
VI. Cut is 1

11. DDR2 RAM:-
DDR2 RAM was a moderate form of DDR RAM. Its efficiency and
speed is greater then DDR RAM.
I. Introduced in 2003.
II. Range 32MB-2GB.
III. Clock rate 533MHz
IV. Pins 240
V. Used in p4,PD,Dual to Core, Core to Duo and Quard
VI. Cut is 1

12. ▪ DDR3 RAM:-
DDR3 RAM was a moderate form of DDR2 RAM. Its efficiency and
speed is greater then DDR2 RAM.
I. Introduced in 2007.
II. Range 512MB-4GB.
III. Clock rate 800MHz
IV. Pins 240
V. Used in i1,i3,i5 and i7
VI. Cut is 1

13. DDR4 RAM:-
DDR4 RAM was a moderate form of DDR3 RAM. Its efficiency and
speed is greater then DDR3 RAM.
I. Introduced in 2012.
II. Range 512-8GB.
III. Clock rate 1600MHz
IV. Pins 240
V. Used in i7 and i9
VI. Cut is 1

15. DIFFERENT NUMBER OF PINS IN RAMS

16. SOME MORE TYPES OF RAM
SIP RAM (SINGLE INLINE PACKAGE)
SIMMRAM(SINGLE INLINE MEMORY MODULE)
PARITY RAM
NON PARITY RAM
EDO RAM
NON EDO RAM
RRAM (Resistive RAM)
Z-RAM (Zero-capacitor RAM)

17. LIMITATION OF RAM
One of the biggest drawback of Random Access Memory is
that it is a volatile memory. That means whenever the
computer is switched off all the data that was stored in the
RAM is lost.
Another limitation of RAM is space limitation. The
cost per bit for RAM is high as compared to ROM,
because of this reason it is not used for mass
storage.

18. CONCLUSION
The amount of RAM matters more than the type of RAM.
This is because more the RAM available in a system, more
number of tasks can be performed simultaneously without
any performance drop.

19. FUTURE OF RAM…
▪ Future computers and electronic gadgets will need memory
chips that are smaller, faster and cheaper than those of
today .
▪ RRAM (Resistive RAM) and Z-RAM (Zero-capacitor RAM)
are runners in the global technology race as the next
generation RAM.