2. Primary Teeth: Extrusion
Partial displacement of the tooth out of its socket
partial or total separation of the periodontal
ligament loosening and displacement of the
tooth.
The alveolar socket bone remains intact.
axial displacement
protrusive or retrusive orientation
8. Primary Teeth: Extrusion
Diagnostic signs
Radiographs recommended occlusal exposure:
evaluate the size of the displacement
rule out the presence of a root fracture.
9. Primary Teeth: Extrusion
Treatment Guidelines
The treatment choice should be based on the:
Degree of displacement
Mobility
Root formation
Ability of the child to cope with the emergency
situation.
10. Primary Teeth: Extrusion
Treatment Guidelines
For minor extrusion (< 3mm) in an immature
developing tooth, either careful reposition the
tooth or leave the tooth for spontaneous
alignment.
24. Primary Teeth: Extrusion
Patient instructions
Soft food for 1 week.
Good oral hygiene. Brush with a soft brush after
every meal and apply chlorhexidine 0.1 %
topically to the affected area with cotton swabs
twice a day for one week.
Parents should be further advised about possible
complications that may occur, like swelling, dark
discoloration of the crown, increased mobility or
fistula. Children may not complain about pain;
however, infection may be present and parents
should watch for signs of swelling of the gums
and bring the child in for treatment.
26. Primary teeth: Intrusion
Displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone.
This injury is accompanied by comminution or
fracture of the alveolar socket.
30. Primary teeth: Intrusion
Visual signs
Displaced axially into the alveolar bone
The tooth may disappear completely in the
tissues
Penetration of the tooth into the nasal cavity can
be diagnosed by bleeding from the nose or
simple observation of the nostril.
34. Primary teeth: Intrusion
Diagnostic signs
Radiographs recommended:
An occlusal or periapical exposure
If the tooth is totally intruded an extra-oral lateral
exposure may be indicated to make sure that the
tooth has not penetrated the nasal cavity
35. Primary teeth: Intrusion
Treatment
Spontaneous eruption
If the apex is displaced toward or through the labial
bone plate, the tooth should be left for spontaneous
repositioning. In order to evaluate re-eruption, the
degree of intrusion should be assessed by
measuring the distance between the incisal edge of
the intruded tooth and that of adjacent unaffected
teeth.
Extraction
If the apex is displaced into the developing tooth
germ the tooth should be extracted to minimize the
damage done to the permanent successor.
50. Primary teeth: Intrusion
Patient instructions
Soft food for 10-14 days.
Good oral hygiene. Brush with a soft brush after every meal and
apply chlorhexidine 0.1 % topically to the affected area with cotton
swabs twice a day for one week.
Parents should be further advised about possible complications that
may occur, like swelling, dark discoloration of the crown, increased
mobility or fistula. Children may not complain about pain; however,
infection may be present and parents should watch for signs of
swelling of the gums and bring the child in for treatment.
Inform the parent about possible complications in the development of
the permanent successor, especially following intrusion injuries
sustained in children under 3 years of age.
51. Primary teeth: Intrusion
Follow-up
Clinical control after 1 week. Clinical and
radiographic control at 3-4 weeks, 6-8 weeks,
6 month, 1 year and yearly clinical and
radiographic control until eruption of the
permanent successor.