1.
Open Session of the EuFMD - Cascais –Portugal 26-28 October 2016
THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TREND OF FMDV IN PAKISTAN
IN PAST: A STEP FORWARD TO FUTURE PLANNING TO
CONTROL FMD ENDEMIC SETTINGS OF PAKISTAN
Usman Waheed
University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore,
Pakistan

2.
v Share of Agriculture in GDP: 21.0%
v Share of Livestock in agriculture : 56 %
v Share of Livestock in GDP: 11.8%
v Main source of labour: 43.7%
v Earnings through Livestock sector: Rs. 790 billions (2015-16)
v Livestock progress: 2.9% annually (2015-16)
Role of Livestock in the Economics of Pakistan
Source: Economic Survey of Pakistan 2015-16
56%
44%
Livestock Crops

3.
LIVESTOCK POPULATION IN PAKISTAN-2016
Species PopulaPon (Million
Nos.)
Milk ProducPon (000
tones)
CaSle/Cow 41.2 18,706
Buffalo 35.6 32,180
Sheep 29.4 38
Goat 68.4 845
Total 174.6 51,769
Source: Ministry of Na[onal Food Security & Research, Govt. of Pakistan

4.
FMD IN PAKISTAN: IMPACT ON ECONOMY
• FMDV strains in Pakistan: O, A and Asia 1
• Losses due to FMD in Pakistan Rs ~21.5 Billion (direct & indirect)
• The economic losses are due to:
• Direct Losses (Deaths, Loss of produc[on
draught capacity)
• Indirect Losses (Restric[ons on trade, exports of live animals
and dairy products)
• Treatment and vaccinaPon costs

5.
Materials & Methods
• FMDV types endemic in Pakistan (A, O, Asia 1)
• The VP1 sequences of endemic types submiSed to GenBank
from Pakistan outbreaks were taken for analysis
• 38 sequences previously submiSed by authors are also
included (Types A and O)
• MEGA 6.1 is used to build phylogeny and analyses, individually

6.
EF494506 (O/PAK14/2006)
EF494505 (PAK12/2006)
EF494504 (PAK11/2006)
EF494499 (PAK02/2006)
EF494498 (Pak 5.2 9)
EF494493 (Pak 24.1 8)
EF494491 (Pak 23.2 8)
FJ798179.1 (O/PAK/53/2007)
EF494503 (PAK10/2006)
EF494500 (PAK04/2006)
EF494502 (PAK08/2006)
EF494501 (PAK06/2006)
EF494490 (Pak23.1 8)
O/T UR/290/2008/12208
O/T UR/164/2009/12208
FJ798189.1 (O/PAK/71/2007)
O/PUN/PAK/L1370/2009
FJ798191.1 (O/PAK/2/2008)
FJ798192.1 (O/PAK/3/2008)
FJ798169.1 (O/PAK/61/2006)
FJ798193.1 (O/PAK/6/2008)
O/KAB/AFG/L2826/2009
O/NWF/PAK/L1417/2009
O/NWF/PAK/L1414/2009
O/NWF/PAK/L1418/2009
O/NWF/PAK/L1416/2009
O/NWF/PAK/L1415/2009
DQ165059.1 (O/NEP/4/2003)
DQ165058.1 (O/M AY/6/2003)
O/IRN/8/2005
EF457984 (O/AFG/120/2004)
EF457985 (O/AFG/201/2004)
DQ165042.1 (O/BHU/47/2003)
DQ164867.1 (O/BHU/49/2003)
DQ165061.1 (O/NEP/6/2003)
DQ164865.1 (O/BHU/15/2003)
DQ165060.1 (O/NEP/5/2003)
DQ165046 (O/BHU/33/2004)
DQ165044.1 (O/BHU/28/2004)
DQ165043 (O/BHU/26/2004)
DQ165045 (O/BHU/30/2004)
DQ165047 (O/BHU/40/2004)
OPUN/PAK/L282/2005
O/ISL/PAK/L288/2005
FJ798167.1 (O/PAK/38/2005)
FJ798190.1 (O/PAK/1/2008)
FJ798188.1 (O/PAK/70/2007)
FJ798187.1 (O/PAK/69/2007)
FJ798185.1 (O/PAK/66/2007)(B)
FJ798186.1 (O/PAK/68/2007)
PanAsia-II
GU384685.1 (O/PAK/39/2008)
GU384683.1 (O/PAK/44/2008)
GU384682.1 (O/PAK/45/2008)
FJ798165.1 (O/PAK/34/2005)
FJ798176.1 (O/PAK/72/2006)
FJ798178.1 (O/PAK/74/2006)
FJ798171.1 (O/PAK/66/2006)
FJ798181.1 (O/PAK/60/2007)
FJ798172.1 (O/PAK/67/2006)
FJ798174.1 (O/PAK/70/2006)
FJ798162.1 (O/PAK/31/2005)
FJ798182.1 (O/PAK/61/2007)
FJ798163.1 (O/PAK/32/2005)
FJ798183.1 (O/PAK/63/2007)
FJ798184.1 (O/PAK/66/2007 (A)
FJ798166.1 (O/PAK/35/2005)
FJ798168.1 (O/PAK/60/2006)
FJ798177.1 (O/PAK/73/2006)
FJ798170.1 (O/PAK/63/2006)
FJ798180 (O/PAK/56/2007)
FJ798164.1 (O/PAK/33/2005)
FJ798175.1 (O/PAK/71/2006)
O/KUND/AFG/L630/2009
O/KAB/AFG/L1231/2008
O/KAB/AFG/L1279/2008
O/KAB/AFG/L643/2009
O/IRN/7/2009 (WRL)
O/ISL/PAK/L1412/2009
O/PUN/PAK/L1346/2008
O/PUN/PAK/L1347/2008
O/PUN/PAK/L1360/2008
O/PUN/PAK/L1358/2008
O/PUN/PAK/L1353/2008
O/ISL/PAK/L1573 (Res-1413)
O/ISL/PAK/L1413/2009
O/PUN/PAK/L1345/2008
O/PUN/PAK/L1343/2008
O/KUN/AFG/L1496/2009
O/KUN/AFG/L1497/2009
O/BAG/AFG/L1494/2009
O/JAW/AFG/L1499/2009
PanAsia-III
O/ISL/PAK/L285/2005
O/ISL/PAK/L286/2005
O/ISL/PAK/L287/2005
O/PUN/PAK/L133/2005
O/PUN/PAK/L181/2005
O/PUN/PAK/L150/2005
O/PUN/PAK/L149/2005
FJ798173.1 (O/PAK/68/2006)
EF457986 (O/AFG/210/2004)
DQ164967 (O/QT R/3/99)
DQ165057 (O/IRQ/30/2000)
DQ165052 (O/IRN/16/2003)
DQ165048 (O/IRN/2/2003)
DQ165035 (O/AFG/16/2003)
DQ164942 (O/PAK/45/2003)
DQ165036 (O/AFG/50/2003)
AJ318838 (O/IRN/9/99)
EU140964.1 (UAE/7/99)
DQ296515.1O/Kony a/T UR/512/10/99
AJ539141 (O/UKG/35/2001)
AJ539138 (T ibet /CHA/99)
PanAsia-I
PanAsia
DQ164864.1 (O/BHU/7/2002) Ind2001
DQ164863 (O/BAR/1/2001)Ind2001
DQ164941.1 (O/OM N/7/2001
DQ164969.1 (O/SAU/3/2001)Ind2001
DQ164997 (O/UAE/6/2001)(Ind2001)
DQ164944.1 (O/PAT /2/2002)
DQ164904.1 (O/KUW/3/97)
AJ318824 (O/BAR/2/97)
AJ318825 (O/BAR/8/98)
AJ318856.1 (O/UAE/7/97)
DQ165065 (O/PAK/1/2003)
DQ164943 (O/PAK/53/2003)
DQ165062 (O/PAK/15/2002)
DQ165063 (O/PAK/16/2002)
DQ165064 (O/PAK/18/2002)
DQ164896.1 (O/IRN/61/2001)
DQ165055 (O/IRN/15/2004)
DQ165049.1 (O/IRN/4/2003)
DQ165051 (O/IRN/8/2003)
DQ165050.1 (O/IRN/6/2003)
DQ165056 (O/IRN/20/2004)
DQ164898.1 (O/IRN/15/2003)
DQ296502.1 (O/M ersin/T UR/13/01/04)
DQ296501.1 (O/M ersin/T UR/34/02/04)
DQ296503.1 (O/M ersin/T UR/35/02/04)
Iran2001
AF292107 (IND/53/79)
AF204276 (R2/75 IND)
AY593823 (O1/M anisa/T UR/69)
AF189157 (Israel/85 Geshure)
DQ165070.1 (O/PAK/73/2003)
DQ165068.1 (O/PAK/16/2003)
DQ165069.1 (O/PAK/17/2003) vacc
DQ165067.1 (O/PAK/14/2003)
AJ318848.1 (O/PAK/1/98)
DQ165066.1 (O/PAK/12/2003)
Pak 98
AJ303526.1 (O/PAK/1/97)
SEA
Cathay
Euro-SA100
100
69
100
99
63
99
88
95
68
66
100
74
71
73
64
100
89
100
100
100
100
86
57
66
100
97
91
55
79
86
78
63
74
59
73
99
67
89
66
88
67
99
75
59
99
99
87
99
99
99
99
95
92
92
70
63
91
87
87
58
67
63
61
50
53
65
53
75
99
82
78
53
79
56
92
76
81
77
82
61
0.01
FMDV type O VP1 Sequences

7.
OS16
Molecular Phylogenetic analysis of FMDV O
sequences with submitted P1 sequences

8.
OS16
HIR/AFG/L1576/2009
HIR/AFG/L1484/2009
HIR/AFG/L1575/2009
HIR/AFG/L1485/2009
HIR/AFG/L1483/2009
HIR/AFG/L1482/2009
ISL/PAK/L1411/2009
SAM /AFG/L1436/2009
PUN/PAK/L2947/2009
PAN/AFG/L1428/2009
BAD/AFG/L1493/2009
PAN/AFG/L1427/2009
BAL/AFG/L1431/2009
PAR/AFG/L1425/2009
KAP/AFG/L1492/2009
KAP/AFG/L1491/2009
FAR/AFG/L1432/2009
TAK/AFG/L1420/2009
TAK/AFG/L1421/2009
PAN/AFG/L1572/2009
TAK/AFG/L1419/2009
PUN/PAK/L1355/2009
PUN/PAK/L1354/2009
PAN/AFG/L3639/2009
PAN/AFG/L3641/2009
PAN/AFG/L3640/2009
NWF/PAK/L1372/2009
NWF/PAK/L1371/2009
BAD/AFG/L2818/2009
BAD/AFG/L2820/2009
BAD/AFG/L2819/2009
BAD/AFG/L2821/2009
HIR/AFG/L1571/2009
KUN/AFG/L1424/2009
BAL/AFG/L1430/2009
PUN/PAK/L2808/2009
JAW/AFG/L1437/2009
BAD/AFG/L3024/2009
BAD/AFG/L2822/2009
JAW/AFG/L1498/2009
KAB/AFG/L1757/2009
JAW/AFG/L1438/2009
JAW/AFG/L1439/2009
GU384686.1 (A/PAK/76/2009)
SIN/PAK/L574/2009
SIN/PAK/L578/2009
KUN/AFG/L629/2009
SIN/PAK/L4/2008
SIN/PAK/L7/2008
SIN/PAK/L9/2008
SIN/PAK/L6/2008
FJ755067 (IRN/4/2008)
FJ755009 (AFG/44/2007)
FJ755007 (AFG/6/2007)
AFG-07
HIR/AFG/L1486/2009
SAR/AFG/L1435/2009
SAR/AFG/L1434/2009
KAB/AFG/L1163/2008
FJ755010 (BAR/6/2008)
FJ755011 (BAR/7/2008)
SIN/PAK/L758/2009
SIN/PAK/L694/2009
SIN/PAK/L695/2009
SIN/PAK/L739/2009
SIN/PAK/L3213/2009
SIN/PAK/L693/2009
BAR-08
FJ755084 (A/PAK/5/2006)
FJ755060 (IRN/3/2007)
FJ755066 (IRN/1/2008)
FJ755061 (IRN/15/2007)
FJ755008 (AFG/7/2007)
FJ755126 (TUR/324/2007)
EF117837 (A/PAK/3/2006)
FJ755082 (PAK/1/2006)
FJ755083 (Pak/3/2006)
FJ755096.1 (A/TUR/8/2005)
EF457983.1 (A/AFG/183/2005)
FJ755087.1 (A/SAU/16/2005)
FJ755086.1 (A/SAU/15/2005)
EF457982.1 (A/AFG/160/2005)
EF208769 (A/IRN/1/2005)
FJ755025.1 (A/IRN/5/2005)
FJ755128.1 (TUR/859/2007)
FJ755155.1 (TUR/33/2008)
FJ755116.1 (A/TUR/20/2006)
FJ755057.1 (A/IRN/7/2006)
FJ755030.1 (A/IRN/16/2005)
BAD/AFG/L2814/2009
BAD/AFG/L2817/2009
BAD/AFG/L2813/2009
BAD/AFG/L2815/2009
BAD/AFG/L2816/2009
BAD/AFG/L3025/2009
BAD/AFG/L3026/2009
ARD-07
KUN/AFG/L1577/2009
KUN/AFG/L1495/2009
EU414530.1 (A/IRN/7/2004)
EF457980.1 (A/AFG/130/2004)
EF457981.1 (A/AFG/131/2004)
FJ755020.1 (A/IRN/41/2003)
PUN/PAK/L2809/2009
PUN/PAK/L1364/2009
FJ798194.1 (A/PAK/73/2007)
EU414529) A/IRN/10/2003
EU414535 (Pak/9/2003)
EU414534 (PAK/28/2002)
Irn99
EF208777 (A/TAI/118/87)
EF120380 (A/IND/2/68)
AY593763 (A22/IRQ/64)
Irn87
Irn96
AY593755 (A15/Bangkok/TAI/60)
EURO-SA
AFRICA
100
66
63
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
99
97
75
95
5866
58
100
95
87
91
86
100
99
99
99
99
98
95
94
91
91
75
90
87
86
75
72
70
65
62
57
51
81
75
72
68
66
53
100
68
99
88
0.02
FMDV type A VP1 Sequences

9.
OS16
HKN/5/2005 (FJ785237)
HKN/3/2005 (FJ785235)
HKN/4/2005 (FJ785236)
HKN/2/2005 (DQ121115)
HKN/8/2005 (FJ785240)
HKN/6/2005 (FJ785238)
HKN/1/2005 (DQ121114)
HKN/7/2005 (FJ785239)
TAJ/2/2003 (FJ785271)
KRG/2/2004 (FJ785249)
KRG/1/2004 (FJ785247)
TAJ/3/2003 (FJ785272)
TAJ/1/2003 (FJ785270)
TAJ/4/2004 (FJ785274)
UZB/2003 (FJ785277)
DQ121403 (TAJ/2/2004)
TAJ/5/2004 (FJ785275)
TAJ/1/2004 (DQ121402)
TAJ/6/2004 (FJ785276)
AFG/44/2003 (EF457992)
AFG/40/03 (EF457991)
BAM/AFG/L2823/2009
BAM/AFG/L2825/2009
BAM/AFG/L2824/2009
BAM/AFG/L3/2009
BAM/AFG/L641/2009
BAM/AFG/L640/2009
BAM/AFG/L1/2009
KAB/AFG/L642/009
BAM/AFG/L2/2009
BAM/AFG/L590/2009 (res cued)
BAM/AFG/L591/2009 (res cued)
BAM/AFG/L638/2009
BAM/AFG/L639/2009
AFG/33/2003 (EF457990)
AFG/22/2003 (EF457987)
AFG/24/2003 (EF457988)
AFG/26/2003 (EF457989)
AFG/116/2004 (EF457993)
PAK/2/2004 (FJ785264)
PAK/1/2004 (DQ121128)
AFG/138/2004 (EF457994)
PAK/69/2003 (DQ121127)
PAK/30/2002 (DQ121124)
PAK/31/2002 (DQ121125)
PAK/33/2002 (FJ785262)
PAK/34/2002 (FJ785263)
Group-II
IRN/10/2004 (DQ121119)
IND/14/95 (AF390678)
IND/26/95 (AF390687)
IND/82/96 (DQ989309)
PAK/2/1998 (EU553914)
PAK/22/2005 (FJ785266)
PAK/19/2005 (FJ785265)
PAK/3/1998 (FJ785261)
PAK/20/2003 (DQ121126)
IRN/58/99 (DQ121122)
TUR/10/99 (DQ121131)
TUR/3/2000 (EU553915)
TUR/6/2000 (EU553916)
GRE/2/2000 (DQ121113)
Group-VI
As ia1/WBN/117/85 (EU553911)
IND/762/2003 (DQ101240)
DQ121112 (BHU/34/2002)
GQ220879 (IND/396/2001)
GQ220884 (IND/141/2002)
DQ101237 (IND/175/2004)
As 1/Shamir/ISR/89
HKN/22/80 (FJ785234)
HKN/18/76 (FJ785233)
HKN/19/74 (FJ785230)
HKN/2/75 (1974) (FJ785231)
Prymors ky/RUS/2005 (FJ785268)
MOG/2005 (FJ785252)
Khabarovs k/RUS/2005 (FJ785267)
Beijing/China/2005 (EF185303)
VN/QT03/2007 (GU125645)
BR/Myanmar/7/2006 (EU091348)
WHN/CHA/2006 (FJ906802)
Amurs ky/Rus s ia/2005 (DQ121401)
As 1/IND/18/80 (DQ121116)
NKR/2/2007 (FJ785259)
IND/16/76 (FJ785242)
As 1/PAK/1/54 (AY593795)
As ia1/IND/63/72 (AY304994)
As 1/YNBS/CHA/58 (AY390432)
EF600684 (IRN/05)
EU553917 (TUR/15/73)
PAK/1/1985 (FJ785260)
FJ785226 (AFG/2/2001)
AFG/4/2001 (DQ121110)
AFG/3/2001 (FJ785227)
IRN/4/2001 (DQ121118)
IRN/25/2001 (FJ785244)
AFG/1/2001 (DQ121109)
IRN/25/2004 (DQ121120)
SIN/PAK/L5/2008
SIN/PAK/L8/2008
SIN/PAK/L2812/2009
SIN/PAK/L2810/2009
SIN/PAK/L2952/2009
SIN/PAK/L2954/2009
SIN/PAK/L2811/2009
Group-VII
100
88
100
69
62
69
86
100
100
100
99
100
65
100
87
64
100
50
99
100
71
86
99
90
70
90
62
67
80
66
76
70
6867
67
99
99
83
57
80
99
82
94
64
72
81
92
59
99
72
80
99
65
60
52
55
99
74
94
100
0.02
FMDV type Asia- 1 VP1 Sequences

10.
OS16
EvoluPonary relaPonships of 121 FMD
type O viruses
Iran-05
A/IRN/2/2002 (EU414527)
A/IRN/7/2003 (EU414528)
A/IRN/32/2001 (FJ755017)
A/IRN/34/2001 (EU414526)
A/PAK/73/2007 (FJ798194)
A/IRN/10/2003 (EU414529)
A/PAK/28/2002 (EU414534)
A/PAK/9/2003 (EU414535)
Iran-87
Iran-99
A/IND/61/88* (AF390657)
A/IND/160/90* (AF390608)
A/WBN 17/82* (A/IND/490/97*) (AF390652)
A/IND/17/82* (IndImm)
A/IND/17/82 (1981)
A/IND/7/82 (1980)
India 1994-2001
A/IND/395/88* (AF390645)
A22/IRQ/24/64 (AJ251474)
A22/Mahmatli/TUR/65 (TUR/3/69)(EU553879)
A28/Polatli/68 (TUR/2/69)(EU553880)
A/IND/17/77* (AF204108)
Iran-96
A/IND/57/79 (1978) (EF120385)
A/IND/2/93* (AF390635)
A/IND/21/90* (AF390620)
A/NEP/21/84
A/SAU/23/86 (EU414536)
A/IND/256/98* (AF390628)
A/BHU/41/2002 (EU414525)
A/BHU/7/2003 OS
A/BHU/27/2003
A/IND/270/96* (AF390631)
A/IND/84/97* (AF390669)
A/IND/287/96* (AF390633)
A/ALB/1/96 (EU553850)
A/IND/148/93* (AF390606)
A/IND/299/94* (AF390639)
A/SAU/16/95 (EU553874)
A/IND/163/97* (AF390611)
A/IND/156/97* (AF390607)
A/IND/161/97* (AF390609)
India 2000-01
9 9
9 9
7 7
8 7
9 7
9 9
9 9
9 1
9 6
9 8
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 8
9 9
9 6
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 9
9 9
7 7
8 0
9 7
9 9
0.02
Waheed et al., 2011

11.
Query: As/SIN/PAK/L2810/2009
VP2 + VP3 + VP1 + 2A P2 + P3 + 3’UTR5’UTR+L+VP4
--- Serotype A/SIN/PAK/L4/2008
--- Serotype As/SIN/PAK/L5/2008
--- Serotype O/UKG/11/2001
--- Serotype As/BAM/AFG/L590/2009
Jamal et al., 2011 (Infect. Genet. Evol. 11, 2049-2062)

12.
Conclusion
• Constant surveillance and looking of
previous molecular epidemiology is the
key to control FMD in endemic segngs of
Pakistan. This study adds to the
knowledge-base of FMD epidemiology in
Pakistan.

13.
Acknowledgements
• My University (University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,
Lahore)
• My Funding Agency (DTRA)
• EuFMD
• FAO
• Authors especially (Syed M. Jamal, Syed EhBsham-ul-Haque,
Qaiser Mahmood Khan)
• Audience for pa[ence and listening

14.
Thanks