1.
OS16
FMD Reference Laboratory
OUTBREAKS OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH
DISEASE VIRUS IN THE MIDDLE EAST
DURING 2015 AND 2016 DUE TO AN
EXOTIC A/ASIA/G-VII (G-18) LINEAGE
Jemma Wadsworth, Katarzyna Bachanek-Bankowska, Barsha Thapa,
Donald P. King and Nick J. Knowles

2.
OS16
FMDV A in Asia: 2005-2015

3.
OS16

4.
OS16

5.
OS16

6.
OS16
FMDV A Genotype VII (18)
• Iran, August to December 2015 (Qom province)
• Traced to Miyandoab live animal market in West Azerbaijan province.
• Saudi Arabia, September 2015 (4 farms)
• Turkey, September to October 2015 (Van, Bitlis & Amasya
provinces) – 217 + outbreaks
• Armenia, December 2015

7.
OS16
Sequence analysis
A/SAU/2/2015
A/SAU/6/2015
A/SAU/1/2015 (KU127247)
A/SAU/3/2015
A/SAU/4/2015
A/PD78/IND/2015* (PD-FMD)
A/SAU/5/2015
A/ARM/2/2015 (ARRIAH)
A/IRN/12/2015
A/Van/TUR/203/2015* (FMDI)
A/IRN/8/2015
A/ARM/1/2015 (ARRIAH)
A/ARM/3/2015 (ARRIAH)
99
99
99
A/SAU/2/2015
A/SAU/6/2015
A/SAU/1/2015 (KU127247)
A/SAU/3/2015
A/SAU/4/2015
A/PD78/IND/2015* (PD-FMD)
A/SAU/5/2015
A/ARM/2/2015 (ARRIAH)
A/IRN/12/2015
A/Van/TUR/203/2015* (FMDI)
A/IRN/8/2015
A/ARM/1/2015 (ARRIAH)
A/ARM/3/2015 (ARRIAH)
A/BAN/GA/Sa-197/2013 (KJ754939)
A/IND/256/2012(582)* (PD-FMD)
A/IND/84/2011(202)* (PD-FMD)
A/IND/113/2012(213)* (PD-FMD)
A/IND/413/2007* (HQ127707)
A/IND/417/2007* (HQ127708)
A/IND/360/2007* (HQ127705)
A/IND/245/2007* (HQ832590)
A/IND/360/07* (FJ617243)
A/IND/245/2007* (HQ127704)
A/IND/9/2009* (2008) (HQ127716)
A/IND/17/2009* (2008) (HQ127719)
A/IND/11/2009* (2008) (HQ127717)
A/IND/17/2009* (HQ832592)
A/IND/64/2004* (HQ127678)
A/IND/64/2004* (HQ832581)
A/BHU/4/2003
A/BHU/40/2003
A/IND/281/2003* (HQ832579)
A/IND/249/2004* (HQ127680)
A/IND/249/2004* (HQ832582)
A/IND/243/04* (FJ617245)
A/IND/818/03* (FJ617249)
A/IND/818/2003* (HQ832580)
A/IND/161/2003* (HQ832578)
A/BHU/27/2003 (FJ755013)
A/BHU/42/2003
A/IND/820/03* (FJ617251)
A/IND/447/2005* (HQ832583)
A/IND/447/2005* (HQ127685)
A/BHU/6/2003
A/BHU/7/2003 (FJ755012)
A/BHU/41/2002 (EU414525)
A/BHU/8/2003
A/BHU/35/2003
A/SAU/16/95 (EU553874)
A/IND/40/2000* (1999AF390646)
A/IND/154/2013(333)* (PD-FMD)
G-VII (G-18)
99
99
99
77
85
99
90
99
96
99
77
96
74
88
99
99
78
99
98
94
86
99
71
72

8.
OS16
Years
1973
1976
1984
1986-87
1991-1995
2005
2015
A/IRN/1/2011
A/IRN/15/2012
A/IRN/78/2009
A/AFG/10/2010
A/AFG/6/2007 (FJ755007)
A/IRN/125/2010
A/BAR/6/2008 (FJ755010)
A/TUR/1/2008 (FJ755133)
A/TUR/3/2010
A/IRN/1/2005 (EF208769)
A/TUR/33/2008 (FJ755155)
A/SAU/15/2005 (FJ755086)
A/SAU/16/2005 (FJ755087)
A/IRN/9/2010
A/IRN/9/2011
Iran-05
Iran-99A/IRN/22/99 (EF208772)
A/IRN/2/87 (EF208770)
A/SAU/41/91 (FJ755085)
Iran-87
Thai-87A/TAI/118/87* (EF208777)
A/TAI/7/2003 (HQ116312)
A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)
Sea-97
A22A22/IRQ/64 (AY593763)
Iran-96A/IRN/1/96 (EF208771)
A/SAU/23/86 (EU414536)
A/SAU/1/2015
A/SAU/2/2015
A/Van/203/TUR/2015
A/BAN/GA/Sa-197/2013 (KJ754939)
A/BAN/BD/SI/16/2013 (KR869773)
A/IND/256/98* (AF390628)
A/SAU/16/95 (EU553874)
A/ALB/1/96 (EU553850)
A/MCD/1/96 (EU553869)
A/IND/270/96* (AF390631)
A/IND/287/96* (AF390633)
A15A15/Bangkok/TAI/60 (AY593755)
ASIA
EURO-SA
AFRICA
100
100
93
98
100
100
86
98
100
77
99
99
99
99
72
98
100
80
100
0.02
Historical context
Saudi Arabia FMDV type A

9.
OS16
Reference
viruses
Field
viruses Site 3 Site 1
1043-1047 1138-1154
A/ERI/3/98 NSPTP TSVSPRRGDLGALAARV
A22/IRQ/24/64 QNLNP AGGTGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/MAY/97 KPVSP TPGA-RRGDLGSLAARD
A/IRN/31/2005 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/TUR/4/2006 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGSLAARV
A/IRN/12/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/Van/TUR/203/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/SAU/1/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/2/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/6/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/3/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/4/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/5/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/7/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/8/2015 VNVSP TASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/15/2016 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV

10.
OS16
Reference
viruses
Field
viruses Site 3 Site 1
1043-1047 1138-1154
A/ERI/3/98 NSPTP TSVSPRRGDLGALAARV
A22/IRQ/24/64 QNLNP AGGTGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/MAY/97 KPVSP TPGA-RRGDLGSLAARD
A/IRN/31/2005 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/TUR/4/2006 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGSLAARV
A/IRN/12/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/Van/TUR/203/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/SAU/1/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/2/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/6/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/3/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/4/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/5/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/7/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/8/2015 VNVSP TASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/15/2016 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
Farm 1

11.
OS16
Reference
viruses
Field
viruses Site 3 Site 1
1043-1047 1138-1154
A/ERI/3/98 NSPTP TSVSPRRGDLGALAARV
A22/IRQ/24/64 QNLNP AGGTGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/MAY/97 KPVSP TPGA-RRGDLGSLAARD
A/IRN/31/2005 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/TUR/4/2006 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGSLAARV
A/IRN/12/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/Van/TUR/203/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/SAU/1/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/2/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/6/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/3/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/4/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/5/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/7/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/8/2015 VNVSP TASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/15/2016 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
Farm 2

12.
OS16
Reference
viruses
Field
viruses Site 3 Site 1
1043-1047 1138-1154
A/ERI/3/98 NSPTP TSVSPRRGDLGALAARV
A22/IRQ/24/64 QNLNP AGGTGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/MAY/97 KPVSP TPGA-RRGDLGSLAARD
A/IRN/31/2005 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/TUR/4/2006 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGSLAARV
A/IRN/12/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/Van/TUR/203/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/SAU/1/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/2/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/6/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/3/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/4/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/5/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/7/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/8/2015 VNVSP TASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/15/2016 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
Farm 3

13.
OS16
Reference
viruses
Field
viruses Site 3 Site 1
1043-1047 1138-1154
A/ERI/3/98 NSPTP TSVSPRRGDLGALAARV
A22/IRQ/24/64 QNLNP AGGTGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/MAY/97 KPVSP TPGA-RRGDLGSLAARD
A/IRN/31/2005 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGPLAARV
A/TUR/4/2006 SPVSP TTGNGRRGDLGSLAARV
A/IRN/12/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/Van/TUR/203/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLGQLAARV
A/SAU/1/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/2/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/6/2015 VNVSP AASGRTRGDQGQLAARV
A/SAU/3/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/4/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDTGQLAARV
A/SAU/5/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/7/2015 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/8/2015 VNVSP TASGRARGDLEQLTARV
A/SAU/15/2016 VNVSP AASGRARGDLEQLTARV
Farm 4

14.
OS16
Saudi Arabia and A G-VII
Outbreaks have been reported on large scale dairy farms, confirmed as
serotype A G-VII
Farms using regular vaccination with aqueous based, NSP purified,
≥6.0PD50 vaccine
Contains A Iran 05 and A Saudi 95 strains as part of a polyvalent vaccine
Vaccination schedule
– Primary course 3, 4, 5 and 6 months of age
– Booster every 90 days thereafter

15.
OS16
A/SAU/1/2015
A/SAU/2/2015
A/IRN/8/2015
A/IRN/12/2015
A-Iran-05 0 0 0.03 0
A-Iran-87 0 0.04 nd nd
A-Iran-96 0.04 0.06 nd nd
A-Iran-99 0.01 0.01 nd nd
A-Sau-95* 0.11 0.12 0.19 0.11
A-22 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.04
A-Tur-20-06 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.15
A-May-97 0.14 0.23 0.23 0.15
A-Tur-11 0.01 nd 0.10 0.04
A-Tur-14 0 nd 0 0
A-IND-40-2000* 0.26 nd 0.03 0.24
Recent
r-values:
* Multiple BVS tested
Poor in-vitro match to many commercial vaccines FAR-11A/IRN/1/2011
SIS-12A/IRN/15/2012
FAR-09A/IRN/78/2009
HER-10A/AFG/10/2010
AFG-07A/AFG/6/2007 (FJ755007)
SIS-10A/IRN/125/2010
BAR-08A/BAR/6/2008 (FJ755010)
ARD-07A/TUR/1/2008 (FJ755133)
KSS-09A/TUR/3/2010
A/IRN/1/2005 (EF208769)
EZM-07A/TUR/33/2008 (FJ755155)
A/SAU/15/2005 (FJ755086)
A/SAU/16/2005 (FJ755087)
ESF-10A/IRN/9/2010
QAZ-11A/IRN/9/2011
Iran-05
Iran-99A/IRN/22/99 (EF208772)
A/IRN/2/87 (EF208770)
A/SAU/41/91 (FJ755085)
Iran-87
Thai-87A/TAI/118/87* (EF208777)
A/TAI/7/2003 (HQ116312)
A/TAI/2/97 (EF208778)
Sea-97
A22A22/IRQ/64 (AY593763)
Iran-96A/IRN/1/96 (EF208771)
Saudi-86A/SAU/23/86 (EU414536)
A/IRN/8/2015
A/IRN/12/2015
A/SAU/1/2015 (KU127247)
A/SAU/2/2015
A/BAN/GA/Sa-197/2013 (KJ754939)
A/BAN/BD/SI/16/2013 (KR869773)
A/IND/40/2000* (1999AF390646)
A/IND/256/98* (AF390628)
A/SAU/16/95 (EU553874)
A/ALB/1/96 (EU553850)
A/MCD/1/96 (EU553869)
A/IND/270/96* (AF390631)
A/IND/287/96* (AF390633)
G-VII (G-14)
A15A15/Bangkok/TAI/60 (AY593755)
ASIA
EURO-SA
AFRICA
99
100
75
100
93
99
100
72
99
91
84
100
99
99
99
98
99
81
100
0.02 Current vaccines
Saudi viruses

16.
OS16
• Rapidly changing situation – very dynamic
• Collection of samples from field outbreaks is vital
• Important to continue to exchange epidemiological data and laboratory results
• Vaccine recommendations require careful consideration
• Apparent gap in vaccine coverage
• WRLFMD is collating lab and field data regarding the performance of vaccine
against this strain
• Greater confidence in the use of vaccines urgently required – from in vivo
potency tests or data from the field (vaccine efficacy).
Summary and priorities

17.
OS16
• Fuat Özyörük, Alexei Mischenko, Alexei Scherbakov, Jitendra Biswal and
Bramhadev Pattnaik, for providing sequence data.
• Support for the WRLFMD and research projects
• Collaborating FMD Reference Laboratories and field teams
• Partners within the OIE/FAO FMD Lab Network
• Funding by DEFRA
Acknowledgements
WRLFMD Team: Don King, Valerie Mioulet, Nick Knowles, Anna Ludi, Ginette Wilsden, Kasia Bachanek-Bankowska,
Lissie Henry, Britta Wood, Barsha Thapa, Bob Statham, Abid Bin-Tarif, Ashley Gray, Clare Browning, Beth Johns,
Mark Henstock, Alison Morris, David Paton, Nick Lyons, Dexter Wiseman, Julie Maryan, Sarah Belgrave