This presentation is for middle, high, or upper elementary school students. It introduces (and reviews) poetic form and structure, rhythm, meter, word choice, and author's purpose (conveyed by mood and tone). This presentation focuses on sound devices and figurative language and their use and application in poetry. May be accompanied with guided note handout and activities found on www.literacystationinspiration.com.

1. Poetry
Grade 8
HH Poole Middle School
Ms. Hiler and Ms. Zayas
LITERACY STATION INSPIRATION WWW.LITERACYSTATIONINSPIRATION.COM

2. Poetry
Poetry is an imaginative interpretation
of experience expressed through
meaning, sound, and rhythmic
language choices intended to evoke
an emotional response.

3. This Lesson will Address:
1. Figurative Language, Poetic Devices, and Imagery
3. Poetic Forms (Haiku, Limerick, Ballad, Free Verse
2. Poetic Structure (Rhyme, Rhythm, Repetition, and
Meter)
)
During this presentation, you will be expected to fill
out your guided notes sheet whenever you see a
blue box like this. You may summarize what is
written, as long as you retain the meaning.

4. POETRY SPEAKS TO THE HEART
Poetry asks the reader to feel something, not just think
about it. You can tell how the poet feels about being
alone in the following example:
Silence is
A friend in times of sorrow
When all the amiable chatter in the world
Brings no relief
-Jennifer Karakka

5. POETRY SPEAKS TO THE SENSES
Poets create word pictures that build an image in your mind. Notice how
the following example appeals to your sense of sight:
As night falls we head for bed,
Great-grandma in her velvet, royal blue nightgown,
Her silver hair like a moon in a night sky,
Her curlers, when the light hits them just right,
Sparkling like stars.
-Carrie Materi

6. Noisy
filled with
laughter
shrieking
and quiet
that is what cabin
8 sounds like.
-Jaclyn Wohl

7. A cup of hot chocolate,
Steaming,
Its warm breath kissing my
face.
-Jennifer Karakkal
http://greenlifesaver.files.wor
dpress.com/2008/11/creamy-
hot-chocolate_413.jpg

8. POETRY LOOKS DIFFERENT
FROM PROSE
Poems are written in lines and stanzas (groups of
lines), and they usually leave a lot of white space on
a page. Here is a four-line stanza from a poem
about a roller coaster:
Chugging slowly to the top
Waiting for that long, long drop
My stomach turns into a knot.
I focus on the parking lot.
- Molly Jones
http://www.alphea.ca/vervenaturals/alphea/a
lphea50plus/images/cartoon.jpg

9. POETRY SOUNDS DIFFERENT
Poets pay special attention to sound in their work.
Here are some of the techniques that make poems
pleasing to the ear.
Repeat words: I see water, I see sky, and I see sun.
Rhyme words: Ever go away?. . . Happy every day.
Repeat vowel sounds: Lonely old bones.
Repeat consonant sounds: Sparkling silver stars.
Use words that sound like what they mean:
Eggs crack. Splat

10. Poem Basics
Poems can be rhymed or unrhymed.
Poems can be written by anyone about
any topic.
Poems consist of lines, NOT sentences.
Two lines compose a couplet
Four lines compose a quatrain
White space separates stanzas, NOT
paragraphs.

11. +
Creating Sound in Poetry
Poems are meant to be read aloud
Why white space is important
Sound devices:
Alliteration
Onomatopoeia
Rhythm and Meter
Rhyme

12. ALLITERATION
When two or more words begin with the same
consonant sound. Alliteration can be a the text ,
title, or a person/character’s name.
Meghan made millions from writing
marvelous mysteries.
Ms. Zayas played the xylophone with zeal.
Write your own alliterative sentence that includes your
name.

13. CARING CATS
Caring cats cascade off
Laughing lamas
Lounging.
Underneath yelling yaks,
Yelling at roaming
Rats.
By Rachael
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112392/alliteration.html

14. Rain
Rain races,
Ripping like wind.
Its restless rage
Rattles like
Rocks ripping through
The air.
~By Jake
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112392/alliteration.html

15. LAUGHING LIONS
Laughing lions laugh
like jumping jaguars
on top of talking trees.
When
the
talking trees start
talking,
the joking
jaguars fall
off.
By Rachel
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112392/alli
teration.html

16. WIND WHISTLES
Wind whistles
through the air,
while
talking turtles shiver
like sea horses
while everyone is asleep.
By Rachael
http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112392/alliteration.html

17. ONOMATOPOEIA
Onomatopoeias are words that sound like the objects they name or the
sounds those objects make. Words like buzz, swish, zip, boom, pop,
splat.
Zip goes the jacket.
" Zip" is an onomatopoeia word because it sounds like a jacket is
zipping up.

18. ONOMATOPOEIA
How could you use onomatopoeia to describe these
sounds?

19. +Rhyme
The basic definition of rhyme is two
words
with the same end sound.
Rhyme helps to unify a poem; it also
repeats a sound that links one
concept to another, thus helping to
determine the structure of a poem.

20. Rhythm & Rhyme
■ Using more spirited language makes
humorous situations even more humorous
“The Porcupine”
By Ogden Nash
Any hound a porcupine nudges
Can’t be blamed for harboring grudges.
I know one hound that laughed all winter
At a porcupine that sat on a splinter.

21. If you take away the rhythm and rhyme,
the humor vanishes.
Any hound that touches a porcupine
Can’t be blamed for holding a grudge
I know one hound that laughed all winter long
At a porcupine that sat on a piece of wood

22. Auditory Appeal with Rhythm and Rhyme

23. +
How did the rhyme and meter contribute
to the performance?
There are varieties of rhyme:
■ internal rhyme functions within a line of poetry
■ end rhyme occurs at the end of the line and at the end of
some other line, usually within the same stanza if not in
subsequent lines.
■ true rhymes (bear, care)
■ slant rhymes (lying, mine).

24. +
In most traditional poetry, the rhyme is organized
in patterns called rhyme schemes.
Rhyme schemes are labeled according to their
rhyme sounds. Every rhyme sound is given its
own letter of the alphabet to distinguish it from
the other rhyme sounds that may appear in the
poem.
For example, the first rhyme sound of a poem is
designated as a. Every time that rhyme sound
appears in the poem, no matter where it is found,
it is called a. The second rhyme sound to appear
in the poem is designated b.

25. +
A Clumsy Young Fellow Named Tim
There once was a fellow named Tim (A)
whose dad never taught him to swim. (A)
He fell off a dock (B)
and sunk like a rock. (B)
And that was the end of him. (A)

26. +
There once was a big brown
cat
That liked to eat a lot of mice.
He got all round and fat
Because they tasted so
nice.
ABAB
What is the rhyme scheme?

27. REPETITION
Heart
In our hearts, we have
something special.
In our hearts,
somebody
lives in there
who you
love so very much
By Alex
Repetition is the repeated use of a sound,
word, or phrase.

28. Inside the ocean
I see fish.
Inside the waves
I hear a splash.
Inside the water
I felt a fish.
It seems so big,
as big as a whale.
It has to be,
But then I see,
It's a tuna fish.
By Rachel
This is repetition because it repeats
"inside" more than once.

29. Hug O'War
I will not play at tug o' war.
I'd rather play at hug o' war,
Where everyone hugs
Instead of tugs,
Where everyone giggles
And rolls on the rug,
Where everyone kisses,
And everyone grins,
And everyone cuddles,
And everyone wins.
~Shel Silverstein

30. Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me
Too
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too
Went for a ride in a flying shoe.
"Hooray!"
"What fun!"
"It's time we flew!"
Said Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.

31. Ickle was captain, and Pickle was crew
And Tickle served coffee and mulligan stew
As higher
And higher
And higher they flew,
Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.

32. Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too,
Over the sun and beyond the blue.
"Hold on!"
"Stay in!"
"I hope we do!"
Cried Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.

33. Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle too
Never returned to the world they knew,
And nobody
Knows what's
Happened to
Dear Ickle Me, Pickle Me, Tickle Me too.
~Shel Silverstein

34. ACT
Flick, the lights go on,
Clap! Shout! The show must go on
Screech, bump, the microphone’s gone!
Click, clack, goes the shoes
Swoosh, creak, the curtains open
Ding, dong, the bells ring
Ting, Tang, the triangles go,
“And they lived happily ever after.”
Laughter, cheering, “encore” the show is done.

35. Senses in language
Language can make reference to any or all senses by
deliberate use
of appropriate sensory words. Note that these can be both
direct
description and also sensory metaphors.
Sensory language – is writing or speech that
appeals to one or more of the five senses.

36. SENSORY IMAGES
An apple, for example, might be described "juicy and tart."
The words "juicy and tart" appeal to your sense of taste.
"The rolling rumble and crash" of thunder, on the other hand,
appeals to your sense of hearing.
Imagery may appeal to any of your senses.
Help the reader see, hear or feel things.
Sensory images are details that appeal to the senses.

37. SIGHT
The visual sense is referenced by talking about light and dark,
shades and hues, visible shape and appearance.
Her brilliant red blouse
fitted her slim figure
like a glove.

38. SOUND
Auditory senses are triggered by reference to loudness, timbre, actual words
spoken, and so on.
He shouted harsh approval
at the sound of her
pure warbling Italian soprano.

39. FEELING
Tactile feeling and emotional feeling are closely connected, as we
sense our emotions as tensions and other physical bodily
experiences.
His heart thumped
as he grasped the meaning
of her smile.

40. TASTE AND SMELL
Our gustatory senses are closely linked and are often used in the
metaphoric sense.
She could stomach his words
no longer and smelled
a bitter rat in his intent.
Smell in particularly is powerfully evocative sense and can easily
trigger early memories.

41. I ask them to take a poem
and hold it up to the light
like a color slide
or press an ear against its hive.
I say drop a mouse into a poem
and watch him probe his way out,
or walk inside the poem's room
and feel the walls for a light switch.
I want them to waterski
across the surface of a poem
waving at the author's name on the shore.
But all they want to do
is tie the poem to a chair with rope
and torture a confession out of it.
They begin beating it with a hose
to find out what it really means.
“Introduction to Poetry”
by Billy Collins

42. IMAGERY POEMS
Imagery poems draw the reader into poetic experiences by
touching on the images and senses which the reader
already knows.
The use of images in this type of poetry serves to intensify
the impact of the work.

43. Reflections
Into the crystal pool I gazed to see
The fleeting glimpse of a white-tailed deer
So pure, so free
Beneath a sapphire sky with clouds
She emerges from a wooded glen
So cautious and delicate
With tiny fawn beside and cowering
While towering pines trembled and swayed
As if almost knowing
And a bold hawk perches and spies
A shimmering silver trout leaps
Graceful and splendid
His dive breaking my gaze into the water
And I glace again to see
Myself
- 1984

44. Crystal Cascades
Soft upon my eyelashes
Turning my cheeks to pink
Softly falling, falling
Not a sound in the air
Delicately designed in snow
Fading away at my touch
Leaving only a glistening drop
And its memory
- 1984

45. Simile
Simile is when you compare two
things that are unlike with words
such as"like" or "as.“
He was as nervous as a long tailed
cat in a room full of rocking
chairs.

46. Stars
They are like flashlights in the night sky;
God’s little helpers guiding us on our journeys.
Stars are as bright as a lighthouse on an icy, ocean night;
they are like guardians committed to bringing you home.
The Base Stealer by Robert Francis
Poised between going on and back, pulled
Both ways taut like a tight-rope walker,
Fingertips pointing the opposites,
Now bouncing tiptoe like a dropped ball,
Or a kid skipping rope, come on, come on!
Running a scattering of steps sidewise,
How he teeters, skitters, tingles, teases,
Taunts them, hovers like an ecstatic bird,
He’s only flirting, crowd him, crowd him,
Delicate, delicate, delicate, delicate – Now!

47. Metaphor
A metaphor states that something
is something or someone else. It
is a comparison, but it does not
use like or as.
“It's raining cats and dogs"

48. Life is a mountain, filled with
switchbacks and rock slides and
few straight paths to the top
http://ps044.k12.sd.us/subweb/cybercomp_10/river%20poem.htm

49. Bat
My son is a bat.
His eyes blink when darkness comes.
His body stirs with life.
His limbs gorge with blood
as he sets out through the cave of night
his roof the stars
the moon a big white eye watching.
Attracted by the false lights
he mingles with his batty friends
weaving in and out of nightclubs
endless parties
each other’s places
till sensing the sudden ebb
of darkness
he flutters home
a cloaked Dracula
to the hollow of his room
where he will sleep all day

50. + Pineapple Pizza
by Emma Zayas
Some things just don’t mix.
Like pineapples and pizza.
My delicious, mouthwatering
Italian dish
has been tainted by the sweet,
tart, tangy yellow fruit.
Give me pepperoni, give me
sausage or ham.
Layers of mozzarella and tomato
sauce
Even onions or mushrooms
would be the jelly to this peanut
butter sandwich.
But keep your crusty chunks of
sun-colored tropical meat off my
pizza pie.
When I open that red and white
box
hand-delivered from the man in
the silly hat with the name tag
I don’t want my circle of
deliciousness poisoned by your
dried-up fruit punch.
When I rip off a bite of that
melty chewy goodness
I want to taste little Italy
not the Caribbean island breezes
and sandy air
This isn’t a Hi C. It’s no fruit
salad. There are no coconuts or
cherries on this menu.
Keep your pineapples on the
island.
And off of my pizza.

51. + Sushi Rolls by Emma Zayas
Perfectly rolled circles of crunchy beads of rice
Seaweed the color of boiled grass
Little chunks of pink fleshy fish tucked in the middle
like a child snuggled in his bed.
Two slender sticks like ivory elephant tusks reach
down.
Poking, prodding the pearly white mounds
I examine the sushi like a geologist analyzes a pebble.
I inhale the aroma of cold spoiled salad
Crunch, smash
I chew the chunks.
Hmm…
needs a little sauce.

52. + Chili
by Emma Zayas
Dice the onion “chop chop”
Brown the beef “sizzle pop”
Drain the grease “drip drop”
Chili’s almost ready!
Add the spices “spritz sprinkle”
A dash of salt, a hint of garlic powder
A little cilantro for that extra “pow”
Set the table!
A dusting of cheese and plop of sour
cream
Bowl, spoon, garlic bread on the side
The chunky red lake of heavenly soup
awaits.
Chili’s ready!

53. httplay the keys it is likeFlying your fingers across
p://www.bestsmallmove.com/images/Piano.jpg
Piano
Playing the piano is like
A bird soaring in the
Sky.
When you the
Piano.
The notes are like
Clouds drifting through the sky.
■ By Autumn

54. Guess what the title (or topic) of the
following poems are by the metaphor
clues.

55. O LITTLE soldier with the golden
helmet,
What are you guarding on my lawn?
You with your green gun
And your yellow beard,
Why do you stand so stiff?
There is only the grass to fight!
~ Hilda Conkling
Dandelion

56. A silver-scaled Dragon with jaws flaming red
Sits at my elbow and toasts my bread.
I hand him fat slices, and then, one by one,
He hands them back when he sees they are done.
~William Jay Smith
A Toaster

57. In the grey evening
I see a long green serpent
With its tail in the dahlias
It lies in loops across the grass
And drinks softly at the faucet.
I can hear it swallow.
~Beatrice Janosco
The Garden
Hose

58. A filing cabinet of human lives
Where people swarm like bees in
tunnelled hives
Each to his own cell in the covered
comb, Identical and cramped -- we
call it home.
~Gerald Raftery
Apartment Building

59. +
Irony - An attitude, reaction, intention, or event that is
contrary to what is expected.
Basically, something ends up being the opposite of
what you think.

60. + Irony in Poetry
Whenever Richard Cory went down town,
We people on the pavement looked at him:
He was a gentleman from sole to crown,
Clean favored, and imperially slim.
And he was always quietly arrayed,
And he was always human when he talked;
But still he fluttered pulses when he said,
"Good-morning," and he glittered when he
walked.
Richard Cory, by Edwin Arlington
Robinson
And he was rich, yes richer than a king
And admirably schooled in every grace
In fine, we thought that he was everything
To make us wish that we were in his place
So on we worked, and waited for the light
And went without the meat, and cursed the
bread;
And Richard Cory, one calm summer night
Went home and put a bullet through his head.

61. +Personification
Personification is a figure of speech that can
be found in many forms of poetry.
Personification allows inanimate objects to
have human qualities.
She stumbled over the chair, which in turn
did a lovely jig across the room.
The microwave let me know my dinner
was ready.
The laundry waved at us from the
clothesline.

62. + Two Sunflowers
Move in the Yellow Room.
"Ah, William, we're weary of weather,"
said the sunflowers, shining with dew.
"Our traveling habits have tired us.
Can you give us a room with a view?”
They arranged themselves at the window
and counted the steps of the sun,
and they both took root in the carpet
where the topaz tortoises run.
- William Blake (1757-1827)

63. Humor
■ Humor in poetry can arise
from a number of sources:
■ Surprise
■ Exaggeration
■ Bringing together of
unrelated things
■ Most funny poems have two
things in common:
■ Rhythm
■ Rhyme

64. Limericks
■A limerick is a poem of five lines
■The first, second, and fifth lines
have three rhythmic beats and
rhyme with one another.
■The third and fourth lines have two
beats and rhyme with one another.
■A, A, B, B, A

65. +
■Limericks are always light-hearted,
humorous poems.
■They often contain hyperbole,
onomatopoeia, idioms, puns, and
other figurative devices.
■The last line of a good limerick
contains the PUNCH LINE or “heart
of the joke.”

66. Limericks
There once was a man with no hair.
He gave everyone quite a scare.
He got some Rogaine,
Grew out a mane,
And now he resembles a bear!

67. Limerick About a Bee
I wish that my room had a floor,
I don’t care so much for a door.
But this walking around
Without touching the ground
Is getting to be quite a bore.
I

68. Another Limerick
There once was a very small mouse
Who lived in a very small house,
The ocean’s spray
Washed it away,
All that was left was her blouse!

69. How can we make this into a
limerick?
There once was a girl from _____________ .
She took a __________ to
______________.
While she was there
She _________________________________
and ___________________________________.

70. + Free Verse
■ Very Few Distinct rules or boundaries
■ The rhythm or cadence varies throughout the
poem
■ The words don’t rhyme , but they flow along their
own uneven pattern.
■ A poetry form for one who likes to march to the
beat of a different drummer!

71. +
Running through a field of clover,
Stop to pick a daffodil
I play he loves me, loves me not,
The daffy lies, it says he does not love me!
Well, what use is a daffy
When Jimmy gives me roses?
-- Flora Launa

72. + Drizzle
Rain, oh rain.
Rain. It falls like cereal being poured from a box.
Drop! Drop! Drop!
It leaves its mark on fields and lawns,
Puddling in pools.
Rain. Children splash in it, getting extremely dirty.
Splish! Splish! Splash!
Into the bathtub,
To wash away the mud.

73. + Duke
Such an unoriginal name for such an original dog
He would run so fast
Hunting cars as if they were wild game,
Nipping at tires as warning.
One day, a car fought back and
Duke lost a leg.
We mourned the loss of his liveliness, until we
Looked out the window and saw the three legged wonder,
Back on the road, courageously guarding his territory from
those four-tired enemies.
My Dad swore Duke could actually run faster now.

74. + Ballads
Ballads are poems that tell a story. Ballads
are usually written in four-line stanzas called
quatrains. Often, the first and third lines
have four accented syllables; the second and
fourth have three.
Common rhyme schemes in quatrains are
AABB, AABA, and ABAB.

75. +
Example of a Ballad

76. +
Let’s find the Meter and Rhyme Scheme
Now, this is a story all about how
My life got flipped-turned upside down
And I'd like to take a minute, Just sit right there
I'll tell you how I became the prince of a town called Bel Air
In west Philadelphia born and raised
On the playground was where I spent most of my days
Chillin' out maxin' relaxin' all cool
And all shootin some b-ball outside of the school
When a couple of guys who were up to no good
Started making trouble in my neighborhood
I got in one little fight and my mom got scared
She said 'You're movin' with your auntie and uncle in Bel Air'
I whistled for a cab and when it came near
The license plate said fresh and it had dice in the mirror
If anything I could say that this cab was rare
But I thought 'Nah, forget it' - 'Yo, holmes to Bel Air'

77. + Day in September
The month September and day eleven
It started a day so peaceful and bright
A terrible airplane came out of heaven
It flew into the tower with great might
Everyone saw the vast cloud of gray
smoke.
They looked up to see what was the
matter
People stared up and not one even
spoke. Another plane came which
started the chatter
Who could have done this to the U.S.A?
Is it a terrorist or a mistake?
All New York could do was to hope and
to pray
For the loved ones lost, and the hearts
The days go by that we
all remember
That gray eleventh day
of September
--
Allyson Kaufmann

78. + Columbine High
It was just a day at Columbine High.
It started just fine until two boys came.
They started to shoot and let bullets fly.
They did not have a particular aim
Shot were fired and hit innocents.
The bodies cold and on the ground they lay
Everyone around tried to make some sense
Of the lives taken away that dark day
People then mourned of the lives that were lost
Thirteen great people were laid down to rest
They cannot be brought back at any cost
The families remembered only their best
The day two students took their classmates’ lives
It is now forever in their archives

79. +
Haiku
A haiku uses just a few words to capture a moment
and create a picture in the reader's mind. It is like a
tiny window into a scene much larger than itself.
Haiku poems do not rhyme.
Haiku poems have 3 lines:
Line 1 - 5 syllables
Line 2 - 7 syllables
Line 3 - 5 syllables

80. +
Haiku Examples
“Frogs”
Green and speckled legs,
Hop on logs and lily pads
Splash in cool water.
“The Sparrow”
the brown sparrow flies
southward, through the pale, blue sky
winter is coming

81. +

82. Bibliography
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Presentations. Web. 20 Aug. 2009. <http://www.docstoc.com/docs/5177941/childrens-onomatopoeia-
poems>.
Collins, Billy. "On Turning Ten." PoemHunter.Com - Thousands of poems and poets.. Poetry Search
Engine. Web. 27 Aug. 2009. <http://www.poemhunter.com>.
"Corner Poetry - Stanley Cooper: "Metaphors and Similes"" Corner Poetry Introduction Page. 12 July 2009.
Web. 20 Aug. 2009. <http://www.cornerpoetry.com/poetry/cooper/metaphorsand.html>.
"Dandelion by Hilda Conkling. William Stanley Braithwaite, ed. 1922. Anthology of Massachusetts Poets."
Bartleby.com: Great Books Online -- Quotes, Poems, Novels, Classics and hundreds more. Web. 20
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<http://www.englishverse.com/poems/the_eagle>.
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<http://ps044.k12.sd.us/subweb/cybercomp_10/river%20poem.htm>.
Fallentine, Ralph. "Tim." Custom Poetry Calendars and Cards, Original Poems, Prose, Rhymes, Custom
Poetry Gifts. Nan Crussell Computer Services. Web. 27 Aug. 2009. <http://www.silentwords.com>.
Home.cogeco.ca. Web. 20 Aug. 2009. <http://home.cogeco.ca/~rayser3/image.txt>.

83. Aebranek, Patrick, Dave Kemper, and Verne Meyer. Write Source 2000. Wilmington:
Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Print.
Silverstein, Shel. Falling Up. New York: Harper Collins, 1996. Print.
Silverstein, Shel. Where The Sidewalk Ends. New York: Harper Collins, 1974. Print.
Sprecher, Kim. "Assonance Poems." English Classes. Web. 23 Aug. 2009.
<http://www.englishrocks1.net/>
"Middle School PowerPoint Presentations." Graves County Schools Official Web Site.
Web. 20 Aug. 2009. <http://www.graves.k12.ky.us/powerpoints/gcms/index.htm>.
"Narrative Poetry." Mrs. Babin's Learning Portal. Web. 27 Aug. 2009.
<http://www.babinlearn.com>.
"Poetry as We See It." Oracle ThinkQuest Library. Web. 20 Aug. 2009.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112392/index.html>. Print.
"Sample Metaphor Poems." Academia Britanica Cuscatleca. Web. 20 Aug. 2009.
<http://www.abc.edu.sv/seniors/English/Grades%206-
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