From Lake to Airport Corridor. P2 Presentation.

1. From Lake to Airport Corridor Spatial planning strategies to restructure Haarlemmermeer’s living environment P2 Presentation/24 Jan 2012 Emilia Machedon e.machedon@student.tudelft.nl MSc Urbanism Candidate_4119738 TU Delft Faculty of Architecture

2. ©Theo Kelderman, 2009 global local P2 Presentation/24 Jan 2012 Emilia Machedon e.machedon@student.tudelft.nl MSc Urbanism Candidate_4119738 TU Delft Faculty of Architecture

3. ©Theo Kelderman, 2009 global local

4. 1 Preliminary Analysis 2 Problem Statement 3 Theoretical Framework 4 Research Questions 5 Project Aim

5. 1 Preliminary Analysis 1/1 Study Area Mapping layers Landscape Urbanisation Economy Demography Haarlemmermeer Polder Haarlemmermeer Road Haarlemmermeer Water System and Rail Infrastructure Airport-Driven scales Urban Development Surface Water Highway Conference Centre Built Area National Road Hotel Local Road **** Hotel *** Hotel Rail tracks Ring Canal Pumping Haarlemmermeer (Ringvaart) Station Ringdike Poldergrid Main Canal Pumping (Hoofdvaart) Station Schematic representation of the Haarlemmermeer Polder structure (source: Biesma et al., 2010) 0 5km 0 5km 0 5km Haarlemmermeer age 0groups. 5km Polder water structure. Urban areas and infrastructure. Hotels and conference centres. Source:Bevolkingsontwikkeling per gemeen Kaart 2: CBS (n.d) (2011). Re- Source: author’s own Source: author’s own Source: author’s own trieved November 10, 2011 from www.cbs.nl. sustainable energy health technology & life sciences sharp decrease -10% or less commercial & non-comercial services The Netherlands decrease -10% to -2,5% construction & logistics high-tech systems & materials stable -2,5% to 2,5% water increase 2,5% to 10% flower & food sharp increase 10% or more chemicals ICT & creative industry N N N 0 20 40 60 km 0 10 20 30 km 0 10 20 30 km Polder rings. Source: Rijksover- The Netherlands. Infrastructure. Randstad. Economy. Source: The Netherlands. Population heid (n.d) (2011). Retrieved Source: Rijksoverheid (n.d) Rijksoverheid (n.d) (2011). Re- trends. Source: CBS (n.d) November 10, 2011 from www. (2011). Retrieved November 10, trieved November 10, 2011 from 4. Regionaal bijna alom een aanhoudend (2011). Retrieved November 10, huishoudens rijksoverheid.nl 2011 from www.rijksoverheid.nl www.rijksoverheid.nl 2011 from www.cbs.nl. Voor de woningbouw is het belangrijk Europe huishoudens verloopt. Tussen 1995 en 201 sterk gestegen, met bijna 1 miljoen extra hu de woningbouw. Vergeleken met de bevo aantal huishoudens twee keer zo hoog (met 1 procent per jaar). Volgens de nationale h CBS (Van Duin & Stoeldraijer 2011) komen 800 duizend huishoudens bij (grafiek 2). noodzakelijk, ook in deze tijden van econom European river basins. European urban areas. European water trade routes. European intensely populated Source: Summer School Delta Source: Summer School Delta Source: Summer School Delta areas. Source: Summer School del Po (2011). del Po (2011). del Po (2011). Delta del Po (2011).

6. 1 Preliminary Analysis 1/2 Conclusions layers Landscape Urbanisation Economy Demography scales Haarlemmermeer Haarlemmermeer Schiphol corridor Haarlemmermeer Haarlemmermeer polder municipality municipality • Logistics hub • salinisation • residential suburb • Business hub • growing population: • keep dry feet • agricultural area • Economies of families • water quality • regional transporta agglomeration tion hub North-West Delta Randstad NW Wing Schiphol corridor Randstad The Netherlands • keep dry feet • Amsterdam metro- • Logistics hub • growing population: • water quality politan area • Business hub immigrants and • international trans • Economies of young people portation hub agglomeration Europe The Low Countries Randstad AMS Airport Schiphol Netherlands • keep dry feet • policentric metro- • Main European • growing population • water quality politan area transit airport

7. 1 Preliminary Analysis 1/3 Conflicting Situations layers Landscape Urbanisation Economy Demography scales Haarlemmermeer Haarlemmermeer Schiphol corridor Haarlemmermeer Haarlemmermeer polder municipality municipality • Logistics hub • salinisation • residential suburb • Business hub • growing population: • keep dry feet • agricultural area • Economies of ag- families • water quality • regional transporta- glomeration tion hub North-West Delta Randstad NW Wing Schiphol corridor Randstad The Netherlands • keep dry feet • Amsterdam metro- • Logistics hub • growing popula- • water quality politan area • Business hub tion: immigrants and • international trans- • Economies of ag- young people portation hub glomeration Europe The Low Countries Randstad AMS Airport Schiphol Netherlands • keep dry feet • policentric metro- • Main European • growing population • water quality politan area transit airport

8. 1 Preliminary Analysis 1/3 Conflicting Situations layers Landscape Urbanisation Economy Demography scales Haarlemmermeer Haarlemmermeer Schiphol corridor Haarlemmermeer Haarlemmermeer polder municipality municipality • Logistics hub • salinisation • residential suburb • Business hub • growing population: • keep dry feet • agricultural area • Economies of ag- families • water quality • regional transporta- glomeration tion hub North-West Delta Randstad NW Wing Schiphol corridor Randstad The Netherlands • keep dry feet • Amsterdam metro- • Logistics hub • growing popula- • water quality politan area • Business hub tion: immigrants and • international trans- • Economies of ag- young people portation hub glomeration Europe The Low Countries Randstad AMS Airport Schiphol Netherlands • keep dry feet • policentric metro- • Main European • growing population • water quality politan area transit airport

9. 2 Problem Statement 2/1 Residential Area 2/2 Airport Corridor

10. 2 Problem Statement Residential Environment • Haarlemmermeer municipality • fast growing • housing units • transportation infrastructure • accessibility • regional employment ©Theo Kelderman, 2009

11. 2 Problem Statement Airport Corridor • Not In My Back Yard • noise contours • space demanding companies • disappearing landscape • high income social groups ©Theo Kelderman, 2009

12. 3 Theoretical Framework 3/1 Castells. Global and Local 3/2 Airport-Driven Urban Development 3/3 Hooimeijer. Dutch Polder Cities 3/4 Dupuy. Urban Networks global and local: cities in the network society network urbanism theoretical framework polder cities airport-driven urban development: literature review

13. 3 Theoretical Framework 3/1 Castells, 2002. Global and Local. Cities in the Network Society. Conflict: global VS local Analytical Framework: function meaning form Castells, M. (2002). Global and Local: Cities in the Network Society. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 93(5), 548-558.

14. 3 Theoretical Framework 3/1 Castells, 2002. Global and Local. Cities in the Network Society. Conflict: ‘space of flows’ VS ‘space of places’ Aalsmeer Flower Auction Haarlemmermeer Farm © http://cheeseweb.eu/2011/02/ ©Theo Kelderman, 2011

15. 3 Theoretical Framework 3/3 Airport-Driven Urban Development. Literature review. Spatial Planning Models. Definitions. Source: Freestone, R., & Baker, D. (2011). Spatial Planning Models of Airport-Driven Urban Development. Journal of Planning Literature, 26, 16. urban definition model aerotropolis airport corridor airea time sensitive metropolitan scatter of coordinated provision of discrete spatial clusters of airport-oriented uses infrastructure and development airport related development dimension form low density spread city mix of densities suited to location polycentric urban form business orientation potential welfare strategies business orientation social city city regional Schlaak (2010) setting airport city corridor airea airport aerotropolis airport airport airport city author Kasarda, 2000. Schaafsma et al., 2008. Schlaak, 2010. Schlaak, J. (2010). Defining the Airea. Evaluating urban output and Kasarda, J.D. (2000). Aerotropolis. Airport-Driven Urban Development. ULI on Schaafsma, M., Amkreutz, J., & Güller, M. (2008). Airport and City. Airport Cor- forms of interaction between airport and region. In Ute Knippenberger, the Future: Cities in the 21st century, 9. ridors: Drivers of Economic Development. Amsterdam, Schiphol Real Estate. A. W. (Eds.) Airports in Cities and Regions. Research and Practise. (2009). Karlsruhe: KIT Scientific Publishing, 192.

16. 3 Theoretical Framework 3/3 Airport-Driven Urban Development. Literature review. Spatial Planning Challenges. • collaboration between public and private actors; Airport interests, City interests, authority and authority and • regional planning importance in decision making decision making protocols. protocols. airport development; • sustainability dimensions: • social, ‘eclipsed space’ Developer interests, • environmental, authority and decision making • economic, protocols. • governmental. Author’s own after: Donnet, T., & Keast, R. (2010). Cities in the Airports’ Shadow. Underlying Interests and Discretionary Power in Airport Region Development. In The Proceedings of World Conference on Transport Research 2010, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon.

17. 3 Theoretical Framework 3rd level network 3/5 Dupuy, 2008. Urban Networks - Network Urbanism. 2nd level network 1st level network production technical households consumption networks Haarlemmermeer Farm Zuidas Runway Access Bridge ©Theo Kelderman, 2011 © xavibarca, 2010. Flickr account. ©Theo Kelderman, 2009 Dupuy, G. (2008). Urban Networks - Network Urbanism, Amsterdam, Techne Press.

18. Chapter 4. The Spatial Requirements 3 Theoretical Framework companies, the Deutsche Bahn AG (the German railways) as well as three additional private railway companies. relationships between a household and the virtual and real networks of the two other levels). Firms operating consumption and production An Urban Geography of Globalisation 3/5 Dupuy, 2008. Urban Networks - Network Urbanism. However, technical networks are only one type networks (level 2) have very specific structural of network composing a city. Technical networks are merely the vehicle used by social, economic Section 3: Methods and infrastructural requirements. These requirements cannot be generalised, but are and politic networks to operate. Fishman (1990), specific to each segment of production and Rocco, 2007. An Urban Geography of Globalization. makes a distinction between: consumption. [Level 1] Technical networks (mostly related to urban infrastructure). Technical networks are operated both by the public and the private sectors, but mostly regulated by the former. 1998 in Rocco, 2007) The levels of spatial analysis. (Dupuy, levels: The First Nature and Governance. (Rocco, 2007) The levels of spatial analysis with two supplementary [Level 2] Production and consumption networks (mostly operated by the private sector in the form of firms). [Level 3] Household networks (the ensemble of 3rd Nature LE Second Ho use VE ho lds L 3rd 2n LE dL Co Prod nsu uc EVE Ho use VE L ho ld L mp tio s tio n n 2n 1s dL T tL Co Prod nsu uc EVE Ne echn EVE L ork cal L mp tio tw i tio n s n 1s T tL GO The I Ne echn EVE ‘Th VER nter ork cal L tw i e N fa s Pla POW ANC ce y’ ER E L “ThEVE Fig. 4.4:The three levels of network operation as deﬁned by Fishman (1990) and Dupuy (1998) Na e F L tur irs e” t 0 121 Rocco de Campos Pereira, R.C, (2007). An Urban Geography of Globalisation. Ph.D. Delft University of Technology.

19. 4 Research Questions ? conflicting situations in Haarlemmermeer ? ? airport-driven local urban urbanisation development ? in Haarlemmermeer Which are the in Haarlemmermeer conflicting situations? Local urbanisation and airport- driven urban development in Haarlemmermeer. How can they be solved through spatial planning? ? good examples of living in the airports’ region ? spatial planning role in dealing with these conflicts

20. 4 Research Questions 4/1 Airport-Led Urban Development 4/2 Local Urbanisation 4/3 Conflicting Situations 4/4 Spatial Planning 4/5 Case Studies

21. 4 Research Questions Aerotropolis ‘time sensitive metropolitan scatter 4/1 Airport-Driven Urban Development of airport-oriented uses’ World Context World Aerotropolis and Airport Cities (Kasarda, 2011) Operational Aerotropolis Operational Airport City Developing Aerotropolis Developing Airport City Kasarda, J.D, (2011). Aerotropolis. Retrieved December 4, 2011 from www.aerotropolis.com

22. 4 Research Questions Airport Corridor ‘coordinated provision of 4/1 Airport-Driven Urban Development infrastructure and development’ Regional Context Randstad North Wing. Municipalities. The Netherlands. Urban Areas. Amsterdam Metropolitan Area. Randstad North Wing. 0 10 20 30 km N Author’s own after Metropool Regio Amsterdam (2008). Metropoolregio Amsterdam. Ontwikkelingsbeeld Noordvleugel 2040. Amersfoort. 0 10 20 30 40 50 100km

23. 4 Research Questions Airport Corridor ‘coordinated provision of 4/1 Airport-Driven Urban Development infrastructure and development’ Urban Areas Author’s own after Rijksoverheid (n.d) (2011). Retrieved November 10, 2011 from www.rijksoverheid.nl Municipalities ZAANSTAD Urban Area Industrial Area Water PORT OF AMSTERDAM Park Dunes Municipality Border HAARLEM LELYSTAD ZANDVOORT AMSTERDAM ALMERE (25KM) ALMERE POORT AMSTERDAM AMSTERDAM HOOFDDORP AIRPORT AMSTELVEEN SOUTH-EAST SCHIPHOL AALSMEER HILVERSUM THE HAGUE UTRECHT (50KM) (45KM)

24. 4 Research Questions Airport Corridor ‘coordinated provision of 4/1 Airport-Driven Urban Development infrastructure and development’ Infrastructure Author’s own after Rijksoverheid (n.d) (2011). Retrieved November 10, 2011 from www.rijksoverheid.nl Infrastructure Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Highway National Road Local Road Train Track Train Station Amsterdam Metro Line ZuidTangent

25. Author’s own after CBS (n.d) (2011). Retrieved November 10, 2011 84 573 inhabitants 145 332 inhabitants 67 281 inhabitants 149 597 767 457 from www.cbs.nl. inhabitants inhabitants 188 160 inhabitants Number of inhabitants 142 788 inhabitants 80 695 inhabitants 29 187 inhabitants 79 084 inhabitants

26. Author’s own after Metropoolregio Amsterdam, Noord-Holland en Flevoland. Gebiedsagenda Commuting Noordwest-Nederland Amsterdam’s Commuting inside Metropolitan Region

27. 4 Research Questions Airport Corridor ‘coordinated provision of 4/1 Airport-Driven Urban Development infrastructure and development’ Business Locations Author’s own after Rocco (2007), Schiphol Area Development Company (2011). www.sadc.nl Business Locations Finance Headquaters Internet main port Banks (>50 emp.) Work intensive firms (>1000 emp.) Largest Dutch firms National firms ranked by assets (Forbes, 2005/2005) Insurance firms > 500 emp. national and foreign Insurance firms >200 emp. national & foreign Insurance firms >100 emp. national & foreign Insurance firms >100 emp. national & foreign AAA Business Locations Existing industrial area Future industrial area Existing office location Future office location Congress Centres RAI WTC Green Ports Aalsmeer Green Port Bollenstrek

28. 4 Research Questions Dutch Polder Cities ‘making urban plans using the 4/2 Local Urbanisation parameters of the natural system’ Landscape. Selection of the exceptional. confrontation with polder grammar of selection of the exception: the network city the agricultural polder the last intact polder block polder mantle polder module, polder fringe polder block, polder parcel Reh, W., Steenbergen, C., & Diederik, A. (2007). Sea of Land The Polder as an Experimental Atlas of Dutch Landscape Architecture, Aleph.

29. merend Author’s own after CBS (n.d) (2011). Retrieved Pur Age Groups Velsen < 5 years Zaanstad 5 - 10 years November 10, 2011 from www.cbs.nl. 10 - 15 years 15 - 20 years The Netherlands 20 - 25 years 25 - 45 years 45 - 65 years 65 - 80 years > 80 years North Holland Haarlem Am sterdam Demography. Age Groups. Almere mmerm aarle ee stelveen H r Am Aalsmeer Hilversum 4/2

30. merend 250000 Author’s own after CBS (n.d) (2011). Retrieved Pur Households Single Person Velsen Zaanstad 200000 No Children November 10, 2011 from www.cbs.nl. With Children 150000 100000 50000 0 Haarlemmermeer Amsterdam Almere Amstelveen Haarlem Aalsmeer Velsen Zaanstad Hilversum Purmered Haarlem Am sterdam Demography. Households. Almere mmerm aarle ee stelveen H r Am Aalsmeer Hilversum 4/2

31. merend Pur Average income (*1000€) Velsen Amstelveen Zaanstad 14,9 Hilversum Aalsmeer 14,8 Author’s own after CBS (n.d) (2011). Retrieved 15,5 14,7 Haarlem Netherlands Haarlemmermeer November 10, 2011 from www.cbs.nl. Amsterdam/Velsen Purmerend 15,8 Zaanstad Almere North Holland Haarlem Am sterdam Almere 16,0 15,5 Demography. Income. 13,9 mmerm aarle ee stelveen H r Am 15,9 Aalsmeer 17,9 16,2 Hilversum 16,8 4/2

32. 450000 merend Author’s own after CBS (n.d) (2011). Retrieved Pur 400000 Nationality Dutch Velsen Zaanstad 350000 Western November 10, 2011 from www.cbs.nl. 300000 Non Western 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 Haarlemmermeer Amsterdam Almere Amstelveen Haarlem Aalsmeer Velsen Zaanstad Hilversum Purmered Haarlem Am sterdam Demography. Nationality. Almere mmerm aarle ee stelveen H r Am Aalsmeer Hilversum 4/2

33. Ijmond Housing Projects 4800 (2010 - 2020) Waterland Housing Development Zaanstreek Project Area 8.500 6800 Almere 25.000 Zuid-Kennemerland 10.900 08 Amsterdam 34.000 10 Housing Projects. 05 03 02 Amstel-Meerlanden 11 22.610 07 Gooi en Vechtstreek 04 5.000 09 4/2

34. 4 Research Questions 4/3 Conflicting Situations Global Schiphol Airport Corridor

35. 4 Research Questions 4/4 Spatial Planning Actors. Institutions. Author’s own after Donnet & Keast (2010).

36. 4 Research Questions demography spatial analysis 4/5 Case Studies economy Haarlemmermeer analysis infrastructure urban space landscape case study comparison empirical framework case studies

37. 4 Research Questions 4/5 Case Studies Living in the Airport’s Proximity www.amstelveen.nl

38. bal and local: s in the network society 5 global and local: cities in the network society Project Aim network urbanism network urbanism eoretical theoretical mework framework s polder cities airport-driven airport-driven rban development: urban development: literature review literature review mography demography spatial analysis spatial analysis economy emmermeer Haarlemmermeer nalysis analysis infrastructure infrastructure pace urban space landscape landscape dy case study on comparison mpirical empirical mework framework case studies case studies

39. 5 Project Aim 5/1 Final Products 5/2 Intervention Area 5/3 Project Planning

40. 5 Project Aim 5/1 Final Products • Evaluate regional plans • • Haarlemmermeer municipality 2030 strategic plan critique • • Haarlemmermeer municipality development strategy proposal • • Badhoevedorp strategic design proposal Huidig en toekomstig energieverbruik Source: Gemeente Haarlemmermeer (2011) Structuurvisie Haarlemmermeer 2030. Retrieved 10 January, 2012 from www.haarlemmermeer.nl

41. ? Questions

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