1. Elwin Huaman
August, 2019
QUIPU:
Quechua Knowledge Graph
Pilot: Building a virtual assistant based on Quechua language

2. or talking knots, Quipu [key-poo] is an ancient Incan
knowledge base and “writing system”, consisting of
various type and colours of knots tied to a main
cord, which represents both statistical (crops
grown, taxes, workers, mines, etc.) and narrative
information (stories and histories).
What does Quipu mean?
@ringmar.net

3. Seite 3

4. Seite 4
@interactive.quipu-project.com

5. “The global economy has been
transformed from a material-based
economy into a knowledge-based
economy. Whereas you can conquer oil
fields through war, you cannot acquire
knowledge that way. Hence today the
main source of wealth is knowledge.”
(Yuval Noah Harari)

6. Content
● Why QUIPU [The purpose]
● How we can built QUIPU [The process]
● What we achieve [The result]

7. Content
● Why QUIPU [The purpose]
● How we can built QUIPU [The process]
● What we achieve [The result]

8. Quechua speakers
@gemreportunesco.wordpress.com
@nephicode.blogspot.com

9. Ayllu (family): Huaman Quispe @quechuaexperience.github.io

10. Quechua education
@movehub.com @amazon.com

11. “The Web does
not just connect
machines, it
connects people”
(Tim Berners-Lee)
@123rf.com/profile_franzidraws

12. How does
language
shape your
experience of
the internet?
@internetsociety.org

13. Virtual assistant
OK Google,
maypitaq
Machu Picchu
kachkan?
Google Knowledge Graph
Motivation
Sorry, I
cannot
understand
you

14. Solution
QUIPU: Quechua Knowledge Graph
QUIPU,
maypitaq
Machu Picchu
kachkan?
Virtual assistant
Machu Picchu
kachkan Cusco
Suyupi

15. Content
● Why QUIPU [The purpose]
● How we can built QUIPU [The process]
● What we achieve [The result]

16. Do we need the help of Machines?
Is information understandable by Humans and Machines?
Example: “Machu Picchu was built in c. 1450”
Machu Picchu can be:
Inca Citadel
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q676203
Town
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q397990
Store
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2886434

17. Do we need the help of Machines?
How machines represent information?
Example: “Machu Picchu was built in c. 1450”
Simple statement: (Subject, Predicate, Object)
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q676203
Machu Picchu
"c. 1450"^^http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#langString
c. 1450
https://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/P571
built

18. Do we need the help of Machines?
How machines represent information?
Example: “Machu Picchu was built in c. 1450”
Simple statement: (Subject, Predicate, Object)
wd:Q676203
Machu Picchu
"c. 1450"^^rdf:langString
c. 1450
wdp:P571
built
Prefix declarations:
wd :<https://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
wdp :<https://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
rdf :<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>

19. Prefix declarations:
wd :<https://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
wdp :<https://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
rdf :<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
xsd :<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
wd:Q676203
Machu Picchu
"c. 1450"^^rdf:langString
Built
wdp:P571
wd:Q5582862
Cusco
locationw
dp:P131
...jpg
image
wdp:P18
Inca Empireculturewdp:P2596
wd:Q28573
Built
wdp:P571
"c. 1438"^^rdf:langString
capital
wdp:P36
428 450^^xsd:integer
population
wdp:P1082
What is a
Knowledge Graph?

20. What is Quechua
Knowledge Graph?
Tawantinsuyu
Hatarichiska
wdp:P571
Prefix declarations:
wd :<https://www.wikidata.org/entity/>
wdp :<https://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/>
rdf :<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
xsd :<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
wd:Q676203
Machu Pikchu
"c. 1450"^^rdf:langString
wd:Q5582862
Qusqu
suyu
w
dp:P131
...jpg
wanki
wdp:P18
kawsaywdp:P2596
wd:Q28573
Hatarichiska
wdp:P571
"c. 1438"^^rdf:langString
umalli_llaqta
wdp:P36
428 450^^xsd:integer
kawsaqkuna
wdp:P1082

21. RDF (Resource Description Framework) allows to represent knowledge
graphs using syntaxes like Turtle, N-Triples, JSON-LD,...
e.g. RDF model using Turtle
How to represent a Knowledge Graph?
prefix dbr :<http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
prefix dbo :<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
prefix xsd :<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
dbr:Peru dbo:longName “Republic of Peru”^^xsd:string ;
dbo:capital dbr:Lima ;
dbo:currency dbr:Peruvian_sol ;
dbo:demonym “Peruvian”^^xsd:string ;
dbo:populationTotal “31 151 643”^^xsd:integer .
dbr:Lima dbo:populationTotal “8852000”^^xsd:integer ;
dbo:country dbr:Peru .

22. Talking Knowledge graphs: https://www.slideshare.net/STI-Innsbruck/talking-knowledge-graphs-ny
How to build a
Knowledge graph

23. Requirements:
● a well-known “standard” Ontology
or vocabulary, e.g. DBpedia Ontology
● homogeneous structure/models
e.g. a Place might be represented using
similar properties
● correct and complete information
e.g. how accurate is the knowledge
@ontology2.com
How to build a
Knowledge graph

24. Knowledge Creation
Methods
● Manual, uses Annotation tool for an specific domain.
● Semi-automatic, uses intermediate tools for extraction( e.g. Crawlers)
and for mapping(e.g. Annotation Editor) information.
● Mapping, maps different formats to an specific ontology and integrates
large knowledge bases.
● Automatic, applies Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine
Learning (ML), and more.

25. Knowledge Creation
Sources for creating QUIPU:
● RDF Exports from Wikidata
● Wikidata Toolkit
● Wikidata Sparql endpoint (export/consume)
● Wikidata ApiSandbox (search entities)
● Quechua Wiktionary
● Quechua Wikipedia
● Wikipedia Extractor
● Quechua Dictionary
● Microsoft Translator

26. Knowledge Creation
e.g. search antañiqiq entity.

27. Requirements:
Knowledge Hosting
Requirements:
● Annotation - Tool
e.g. A platform for creating and hosting annotations
● Document store for hosting semantic web annotations
e.g. MongoDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on JSON-LD.
● Graph Database for Hosting the Knowledge Graph
e.g. GraphDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on RDF.
Requirements:
● Annotation - Tool
e.g. A platform for creating and hosting annotations
● Document store for hosting semantic web annotations
e.g. MongoDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on JSON-LD.
● Graph Database for Hosting the Knowledge Graph
e.g. GraphDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on RDF.
Requirements:
● Annotation - Tool
e.g. A platform for creating and hosting annotations
● Document store for hosting semantic web annotations
e.g. MongoDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on JSON-LD.
● Graph Database for Hosting the Knowledge Graph
e.g. GraphDB for hosting semantically annotated data based on RDF.

28. Knowledge Curation
Requirements:
● Assessment
i.e. assess the quality
● Cleaning
i.e. assess the correctness
● Enrichment
i.e. assess the completeness
Qusqu
Tawantinsuyu
Machu Pikchu
H
atarichiska
built
c. 1450
kawsay
culture
um
alli_llaqta
location
Entity
Literal
Relationship
1536
umalli_llaqta
capital

29. Knowledge Deployment
Requirements:
● Knowledge management technology
○ e.g. GraphDB
● Data accessibility
○ e.g. personalized agents
● Conversational interfaces
○ e.g. automating customer communication, chatbots
Conversational user interfaces
(e.g. chatbots, voice assistants)
@amazon.com @google.com
@slack.com @facebook.com @telegram.org
Talking Knowledge graphs: https://www.slideshare.net/STI-Innsbruck/talking-knowledge-graphs-ny

30. Content
● Why QUIPU [The purpose]
● How we can built QUIPU [The process]
● What we achieve [The result]

31. ● Knowledge Creation
○ e.g. Create a RDF model using Turtle syntax
prefix dbr :<http://dbpedia.org/resource/>
prefix dbo :<http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
prefix xsd :<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
dbr:Peru dbo:longName “Republic of Peru”^^xsd:string ;
dbo:capital dbr:Lima ;
dbo:currency dbr:Peruvian_sol ;
dbo:demonym “Peruvian”^^xsd:string ;
dbo:populationTotal “31 151 643”^^xsd:integer .
dbr:Lima dbo:populationTotal “8852000”^^xsd:integer ;
dbo:country dbr:Peru .
Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)

32. Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)
● Knowledge Hosting
e.g. use GraphDB to store the knowledge graph
● Knowledge Curation
Assessment of the quality, using metrics
Cleaning, detect and correct errors
Enrichment, detect duplicates and resolve conflicting property values.

33. Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)
● Knowledge Deployment
○ e.g. personalized agents
○ e.g. DialogFlow
○ e.g. MycroftAI
■ skill-Wiki
■ *develop a Quechua speech recognition skill
● based on a Spanish voice assistant
■ *use the Quechua Wikipedia
■ *develop skill-Quechua-Wiki

34. Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)

35. Pilot: QUIPU (Quechua Knowledge Graph)

36. Take away
● facilitate sustainable development of cultural heritage knowledge in developing
countries through promoting technological support in a native language.
● increase access to information and communication technology in their native
language and will decrease the digital illiteracy.
● Reduce inequalities by given access to new technologies to indigenous communities,
it can ensure that the new decisions for developing technologies (e.g. interfaces) also
have to consider the Quechua language.
● Quality education (e.g. ensure that children and old people can acquire the knowledge
and skills needed in their native language)

37. Tupananchiskama! @qu
Thank you & see us! @en
[user:elwinlhq]