Towards Lightweight Cyber-Physical Energy Systems using Linked Data, the Web of Things, and Social Media

Towards Lightweight Cyber-Physical
Energy Systems using Linked Data, the
Web of Things, and Social Media
Edward Curry
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, UC Berkeley, April, 2013

Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling networked knowledge
n  Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES)
¨ Smart Buildings (experiences with new & legacy)
¨ Demand-Side Challenges
n  The Evolving Web 1.0, 2.0, 3.0…
¨ Social Media
¨ Linked Data
¨ The Web of Things
n  Lightweight CPES at DERI
¨ Architecture Approach
¨ Energy Management Applications
Overview

The Many Faces of CPES
Smart
City
Smart
Grid

Smart
Building
Smart
Enterprise

New Smart Building
4

Cost
-‐
€
40,000,000

A Real-World Example
5

Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
08:00-‐09:00
09:00-‐10:00 237 237 200 237
10:00-‐11:00 237 237 237 200
11:00-‐12:00 237 180 180 145 237
12:00-‐13:00 237 200 237 200 149
13:00-‐14:00 145
14:00-‐15:00 221 237 145 140
15:00-‐16:00 221 120 160 140
16:00-‐17:00 149 250 160
17:00-‐18:00 200 160
CO2
levels

ASHRAE

62.1-‐2010

Occupancy
PaGern

AirCon
8:30-‐11:00
&
15:00-‐16:00
Mon
to
Fri

Cost
-‐
€
40,000,000

Legacy Building
n  DERI Building
¨  No BMS or BEMS
¨  160 person Office space
¨  Café
¨  Data centre
¨  3 Kitchens
¨  80 person Conference
room
¨  4 Meeting rooms
¨  Computing museum
¨  Sensor Lab
6

Energy Management System

Sensors
8 of 26

Energy Management Software

Holis&c

Energy

Management

FaciliNes

Business
Travel
Data
Centre

Daily
Commute
Oﬃce
IT

Holistic Energy Consumption

Business Context of Energy
Consumption
Resource
Allocation
Energy
Finance
Asset Mgmt
Human
Resources

Example KPI:
Energy used by
global IT department
CIO
Example KPI:
PUE of the
Data Center in Dublin
Helpdesk
Example KPI:
kWhs used by
server 172.16.0.8
Maintenance Personnel
Building
Data Center
CEO
CSO
Operational Analysis
•  Technician needs
equipment power usage
•  Low-level monitoring
Sensors, events
Strategic Analysis
•  CIO needs high-level
business function power
usage
•  CSO real-time carbon
emissions
Tactical Analysis
•  Manager needs energy
usage of business
processes, business line or
group
Multi-Level Energy Analysis
12 of XYZ

n  Help users to:
¨ Understand energy data
¨ Support energy performance objectives &
other business performance objectives
– human resources (i.e. occupancy comfort)
– enterprise resource planning (i.e. room
utilization)
¨ Make appropriate energy saving decisions
Energy Situational Awareness

Key Challenges
n  Technology and Data Interoperability
¨  Data scattered among different systems
¨  Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use
n  Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data
¨  Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, …
¨  Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities
n  Empowering Actions and Including Users in the Loop
¨  Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities
¨  Embedding impacts within business processes
¨  Engaging Users
14

Universal Mechanism to Link Everything…
¨ Simple
¨ Lightweight
¨ Decentralized
¨ Loosely Coupled
¨ Scalable
¨ Standardized
….sounds a lots like the Web
What is Needed?

n  Motivation: Access multiple document systems at CERN
n  Key Enablers
¨  Leveraged existing protocols (TCP/IP/DNS/…)
¨  URI: Global Document Identification
¨  HTTP: Global Document Access
¨  HTML: Standard Format for Documents
–  But also supported many formats PDF, DOC, GIF, JPG, etc.
¨  Encouraged Interlinking: Hyperlinks between documents
Exposing and Linking…..
…..but NOT replacing existing systems
Web 1.0 Document Sharing

The Evolving Web 2.0, 3.0, …
Linked
Data
Web
of
Things
Social
Media

(Real-time) Social Media
n  User-centric platforms for
interaction
n  Real-time User Interaction
¨  Twitter, etc.
n  Citizen Sensing
¨  Users reporting issues and
problems
n  Citizen Actuation
¨  Users enacting changes in the
environment

Linked Open Data Cloud
Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts,
interlinked by 500 million typed links.
http://lod-cloud.net/
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.
Media
Government
Geo
Publications
User-generated
Life sciences
Cross-domain
US government
UK government
BBC
New York Times
LinkedGeoData
19
BestBuy
Overstock.com
Facebook

20 of 46
Two Key Ingredients
1.  RDF – Resource Description Framework
Graph based Data – nodes and arcs
¨  Identifies objects (URIs)
¨  Interlink information (Relationships)
2.  Vocabularies (Ontologies)
¨  provide shared understanding of a domain
¨  organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way
¨  give an exploitable meaning to the data

Why Graphs and Ontologies?
Cities:Dublin
84421km2
Geo:IslandOfIreland
EU:RepublicOfIreland
Geo:locatedOn
Geo:area
Geo:hasCapital
Geo:hasLargestCity
Wikipedia.org
Gov.ie
EU:RepublicOfIreland
Person:EndaKenny
Gov:hasTaoiseach
Gov:hasDepartment
IE:DepartmentOfFinance

Linked Data Principles
1.  Use URIs to identify the “things” in your data
2.  Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can
look them up on the Web
3.  When a URI is looked up, return a
description of the thing in a structured
format (RDF)
4.  Include links to related things to provide
context
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html

Linked Data Example
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
subject - predicate – object
Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e
Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e
23
http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/
http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202e
http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupant

Web of Things
Image Credit: http://laurent.assouad.com/2012/www2012-the-web-of-things/

Constraint Application Protocol
252525

Could we deliver a lightweight Cyber-Physical Energy
System for the DERI Building using these technologies?
DERI Use Case

27

Building
Data Center
Office IT
Logistics
Corporate
Organisation-level
Business Process Personal-level
Linked
dataspace
for

Energy
Intelligence

Linked dataspace for Energy
Intelligence

Linked dataspace for Energy
Intelligence
Applications
Energy Analysis
Model
Complex Events
Situation Awareness
Apps
Energy and
Sustainability Dashboards
Decision Support
Systems
LinkedData
Support
Services
Entity
Management
Service
Data
Catalog
Complex Event
Processing
Engine
Provenance Search &
Query
Sources
Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter
n  Interlinked Cloud of Energy
Data
n  Resource Description
Framework (RDF)
n  Semantic Sensor Network
Ontology (SSN)
n  CoAP = Constrained Application
Protocol
n  Semantic Event Processing
n  Natural Language Interface
n  Collaborative Data Mgmt.
n  Energy Saving Applications
n  Energy Awareness

Corporate System
Building Management SystemOffice IT System
Merging Entity Graphs
foaf:name
en:memberOf

“Edward Curry” “DGSIT”
h:p://www.deri.ie/about/team/
member/edward_curry#me
Office IT
Building
Corporate
en:has_a

en:consumption
foaf:name

10kWh“MacBook Pro”
h:p://energy.deri.ie#macbook15698


en:consumption
foaf:name

rm:occupant

50kWh“202e”
h:p://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/
2010/deri-‐rooms#r202e


owl:sameAs owl:sameAs

Enterprise Energy
Observatory
Smart Buildings Green Cloud
Computing
Office IT Energy Mgmt. Personal Energy Mgmt.
Energy Saving Applications

Building Energy Explorer
31 of 26
1.  Data from
Enterprise
Linked Data
Cloud
2.  Sensor Data
3.  Building
Energy
Situation
Awareness

Energy Analysis by Group

iEnergy – Personal

Step 1: Detect patterns of high or unusual energy
usage
¨  Light turned on in rooms at night
¨  High energy use in meeting rooms without booking
Step 2: Tweet building occupants to check situation
and take action
¨  Turn off lights, heat, devices, etc.
Energy Action Management with
Social Media

Energy Action Management with
Social Media
23.86%
Energy
Savings

n  Emerging Web trends (linked data, web of things
and social media) may provide the foundations for
a lightweight approach to Cyber-Physical Energy
System
n  Research Challenges
¨  Investigating approach to complement existing CPES
¨  Applicability on critical infrastructure
¨  Human Task Management for Energy Action
¨  Privacy!!!
¨  …
Summary & Future Directions

Edward is a research scientist at the Digital Enterprise Research
Institute. His areas of research include green IT/IS, energy informatics,
linked data, integrated reporting, and cloud computing.
He has worked extensively with industry and government advising on
the adoption patterns, practicalities and benefits of new technologies.
He has published in leading journals and books, and has spoken at
international conferences including the MIT CIO Symposium.
About the Presenter
URL: www.edwardcurry.org
Email: edcurry@acm.org
Twitter: @EdwardACurry
Slides: slideshare.net/edwardcurry

Selected References
Sustainability Use Cases
n  Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information
Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011).
n  Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In,
Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons
n  Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud
Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient
Data Centers, 2012.
n  Curry, E. et al, Building Optimisation using Scenario Modeling and Linked
Data, in 1st Workshop Linked Data in Architecture and Construction 2012
n  Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for
Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet
and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012.
n  O’Donnell, J., Corry, E., Hasan, S., Keane, M., and Curry, E. 2013. “Building
Performance Optimization Using Cross-Domain Scenario Modeling, Linked
Data, and Complex Event Processing,” Building and Environment (62), pp.
102–111.

Selected References
Information Management
n  Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic
Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data
Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks
n  Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events,
in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems
n  Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a
Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of
Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012).
IT Management
n  Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From
Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012.
n  Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable
Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1).
n  Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes,
IEEE Computer 15(11)

Credits
Partners
n  Collaborators
¨  Souleiman Hasan (DERI)
¨  Sean O’Riain (DERI)
¨  Umair ul Hassan (DERI)
¨  David Crowley (DERI)
¨  John Breslin (DERI)
¨  James O’Donnell (LBNL)
¨  Edward Corry (IRUSE)
¨  Marcus Keane (IRUSE)

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