1. Introducing contrast with "but" and "however"

2. Transitional words and phrases such as also , whereas , and therefore are used to show how two ideas are connected. Such words as also , moreover , and besides are transitions that indicate agreement; they tell readers or listeners that what is coming next is "more of the same", as in "Air pollutants can make it difficult to breathe. They can also make your eyes water." Transitionals can signal disagreement, cause, sequence, emphasis , and so on. This post concerns two words that signal contrast or disagreement.

3. But signals a clear-cut contrast ; however , on the other hand, softens the contrast and even suggests how the difference or the gap can be bridged. In the following sentences, but is used for emphasizing the difference: "Gene xyz can make plants tolerant to extreme cold but not to water-logging" or "Laziness can be forgiven but not dishonesty."

4. Compare the above sentences with the following examples. "Gene xyz cannot make plants tolerant to water-logging; however, it can make them tolerant to cold" or "Dishonesty cannot be forgiven. However, in punishing somebody for dishonesty, one should consider the circumstances.“ Note also how the part following but need not be a complete sentence. In contrast, when however is used, a full and complete sentence should follow.

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