3. Unit 7 Exploration and Colonization
You should be able to identify the significance of each of
the following:
• goods and services •James Oglethorpe
• free trade •Tomochichi
• colonial period •Mary Musgrove
• Charter of 1732 •Salzburgers
• •Highland Scots
reasons for settlement
•malcontents
• (charity, economics, and
•Savannah
defense)
• trustee
• malcontents Copy these to
• Spanish threat from Florida your notebook!
• Royal governor
4. Exploration and Colonization
• This unit will focus on the geographical, political, social,
and economic factors that contributed to Georgia’s
colonization. Students will understand that
production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services were an
essential part of the economic motivation behind
European movement and migration that led to
colonial development. Students will learn that through
conflict and change various groups and
individuals affected the Native American culture
while at the same time building a new culture of their
own. They will also describe how location and economic
ideas are interrelated..
5. SS8H1 The student will evaluate
the development of Native
American cultures and the impact
of European exploration and
settlement on the Native American
nge
cultures in Georgia. Ch a
t and
C o nflic Can you make a question of this?
c. Explain reasons for European exploration
and settlement of North America, with
emphasis on the interests of the French,
Spanish, and British in the southeastern
area.
10. Spain’s settlement of St. Augustine
was an effort to protect its treasures
on their return trip to Spain
To
Spain
Pirates
St. Augustine
Sailors depended upon
Ocean and wind currents
For their travels
11. Formative Assessment
Reasons Spain France England
for
Exploration
and
Colonization
Copy this chart onto your paper, then using your textbook, find at least
one reason that each of the 3 countries wanted to explore and settle the
new world
12. •Spanish explorers wanted
to bring the Catholic
religion to the natives in
America.
•They also wanted to find
gold and other riches.
•They also wanted fame/power
that would come to them when they added new
land to the Spanish empire.
13. France
• Like Spain, France also wanted to
spread Christianity and find great wealth
from the colonies. (Religion)
• France also wanted
international
prestige/power that came with
discovering new territory.
Video First French Colonists 3 mins (in folder)
14. Video: Reasons for colonization 3 mins (in folder)
England
• England sought to use this new land to
establish a mercantile system. (Economics)
• England also did not want to be left
behind
in the search for new land and power.
(Defense)
•England’s cities had become too crowded
with people, and the new land would be a
place where many of England’s homeless
could go for a fresh start. (Charity)
15. Assessment
Which explorer is most associated with the
exploration of Georgia?
A. Ponce de León
B. Amerigo Vespucci
C. Hernando de Soto
D. Christopher Columbus
16. Why did European nations explore the
Americas?
A. They wanted to find farmland.
B. They wanted to establish naval
dominance.
C. They wanted to search for riches.
D. They wanted to meet new people.
17. What was the purpose of the Spanish
mission system?
A. To spread Spanish colonialism
B. To trade European goods
C. To access the American coastline
D. To spread Catholicism.
18. • SS8H1 The student will evaluate the
development of Native American cultures
and the impact of European exploration and
settlement on the Native American cultures
in Georgia.
Conflict and
Change
b. Evaluate the impact of European
contact on Native American
cultures; include Spanish missions
along the barrier islands, and the
explorations of Hernando DeSoto.
Try to make a question of this element!
20. Formative Assessment
They be all of goodly stature, mighty, faire
and as well shapen…as
any people in all the worlde,
very gentill, curtious and of good nature… the men
be of tawny color, hawke nosed and of a pleasant
countenance…the women be well favored and
modest…”
This was written by one of the Spanish Explorers about the Native Americans.
Pretend you were one of these Natives, what would you have to say about the
Spaniards? Write a short description of the Spaniards’ appearance and your
Impression.
21. • Conflict and Change: The student will
understand that when there is conflict
between or within societies, change is
the result.
How did early European contact affect the
culture of the Mississippian Indians? (H1b)
22. Video: Impact of Spanish Explorers on Native Americans 1.5 mins (in folder)
23. Impact of Explorers on Native
American Culture
• Europeans brought diseases such as measles, chicken
pox, small pox, influenza, and whooping cough which
resulted in the death of 1/3 of the Native American
population. What affect might this have had on their
civilization? Think: division of labor/specialization.
• They also brought slavery, death, religion, and guns.
• Not all contributions were negative. Europeans also
brought tools, weapons and horses!
24. Native Both cultures
Americans impacted one
contributed to
and another.
on
the Some Native
Europeans
bu ti Americans
by trading
tri on
is t i began to
with the
D p dress in
Europeans
ion sum
ct n
European
du Co
and showing fashions and
them how to
P ro
survive in the
speak
English.
new world
and Without the Native American’s
introducing help, European colonization in the
New World would never have
new foods survived.
such as Can you think of one event in
corn and particular that we celebrate during
squash. November?
25. • Why did early Georgia colonists work to maintain
good relations with Native Americans?
A. The colonists believed they might need
Native Americans to help defend themselves
against Spain.
B. The colonists wanted Native Americans to
join them in a rebellion against Great Britain.
C. The colonists needed to convince Native
Americans to give up their land without a treaty.
D. The colonists wanted to make up for past
hostilities between themselves and Native
Americans
27. Hernando De Soto
• One of the best known Spanish
explorers.
• Was very cruel to the natives he found.
• Known for staying the longest, traveling
the farthest, and killing the most Native
Americans living in Georgia. (1540)
29. De Soto stole the Native
Americans’ food stores,
captured women, kidnapped
their chiefs, killed and maimed
the natives. Europeans also
brought diseases (measles and
small pox) which Indians had no
immunity to….
30. These bones are from Native Americans who encountered DeSoto and his men
Archeological discoveries clearly show
evidence of European Swords
31. More than 1/2 of De Soto’s
expedition including De Soto
himself died during the 4 year
expedition.
1/3 of the total Native Americans
died as well. The Mississippian
Culture/ mound builders
disappeared.
32. During the 2 centuries following the
discovery of the new world, over
Conflict and
90% of the Native population
vanished…. Students, stand up and count
Change
off, 1-10, everyone but the 10’s sit down. This
represents the proportion of Native population
that was lost!
The Great Mississippian mound
builders gave way to the Creek and
Cherokee nations.
33. Early Spanish Missions
• The purpose of the missions was to convert
Native Americans to Catholicism.
• Native Americans used the missions to help
integrate themselves into the European world
Learned European methods of alsfarming etc…
• Spanish missions settled along Georgia’s barrier
islands because these islands were easier to
access than the mainland was.
• The first Spanish mission was St. Augustine.
– The first Spanish Mission on Georgia soil was Guale.
How do you think this helped Spain to control
the Native Americans?
35. tes of Early Spanish Missions
tion
Now
ig ra
M
tand
e n
ve m
M o
What ideas were brought by the missionaries?
If at all, did this affect the Native American
36. Summative: Assessment
• If we knew then… What we know now.
You are a member of one of four groups as assigned by your teacher.
• Spanish
• English
• French
• Native Americans
Based upon what we have learned to date, resources provided by
teachers and any additional research as necessary, discuss and
debate reasons for and arguments against exploration and
colonization of the new world. You will choose a representative from
each group to present your argument to the U.N. Council (Teacher
and class)
The class (UN Council) will vote on one of the 4 groups based on each
of the arguments and support their choice with a paragraph.
37. Does not meet Meets Exceeds
Social Fails to identify Identifies Identifies
( including appropriate social appropriate social appropriate social
religious) reasons for reasons for reasons and
exploration, exploration, compares them to
colonization colonization current situations
Political Fails to identify Identifies Identifies
appropriate political appropriate appropriate
reasons for political reasons political reasons
exploration, for exploration, and compares
colonization colonization them to current
situations
Economic Fails to identify Identifies Identifies
(includes appropriate appropriate appropriate
natural economic (includes, economic economic reasons
resources and natural resources (includes, natural and compares
mercantilism and mercantilism) resources and them to current
reasons for mercantilism) situations
exploration, reasons for
colonization exploration,
colonization
39. SS8H2 The student will analyze
the colonial period of Georgia's
history.
ps
a. ou James
r s
Explain the importance of
, G ion 1732, reasons for
ls t
Oglethorpe, the Charter of
settlement, idu a tu
s ti
iv economics, and defense),
d d In
In n
(charity,
a
Tomochichi, Mary Musgrove, and the city of
Savannah.
42. The Founding of Georgia
James Edward Oglethorpe: Wealthy,
politician, humanitarian, Parliament,
prison reform.
I. Georgia Is Created: Oglethorpe, Trustees ,
King George II , Charter 1732 ( boundaries.
rights, powers)
*Charity * Economics * Defense
video: cvig 1988 975.8
43. Reasons for the Settlement
of Georgia
Match each item on the right with it’s appropriate category
Home for the Homeless
• Charity
• Economics Fort Frederica
• Defense
Mercantilism
44. According to the original Charter of King George II, Georgia extended to the west coast
even though no explorers had been there yet. As years and wars passed,
Georgia’s western boundary moved first to the Mississippi River and then to the
Chatahoochee.
46. Georgia as a Trustee Colony:
21 Trustees in charge for 20 years
* They could not own land, hold
office, get paid.
* Looked for industrious
skilled workers who were
down on their luck
First colonists:
Sail to Georgia, Nov. 17, 1732
Ship Anne- 114-125 people sailed
Landed at Yamacraw Bluff on Feb. 12, 1733
Mary and John Musgrove became interpretors,
Tomochichi: Chief of the Yamacraw Indians who
befriended Ogelthorpe
47. Photo of the spot along the river called “Yamacraw Bluff ”
Have you stood here?
49. Ruins of foundation of original dwellings at Fort Frederic
James Oglethorpe Lived HERE1
How Tabby is made
51. Which statement best explains why England
established the Georgia colony?
A. England wanted a port available for
ships sailing to China and the East Indies.
B. England wanted to create a trading
partnership with the Native Americans.
C. England wanted to provide a safe
haven for Catholics who were being
persecuted.
D. England wanted a buffer state to
prevent Spanish and Native American
invasions of South Carolina.
53. Remember, exploration began as an effort to find a new trade route to
the far east to get precious spices, silk and gems. Since Georgia was
at a similar latitude, It was believed that Georgia would be able to
produce some of these raw materials (mulberry trees to sustain
silkworms and produce silk.
ut ion
ri b o n
ist pti
D m
on s u
cti on
du C
ro n d
P a
Mercantilism:
The colonies would produce raw materials which would be sent back to England
for manufacturing. The manufactured goods would then be sold around the globe
( including back to the colonies!) Discuss: What are the advantages of this system?
Why was it important for a small country like England?
55. Georgia as a Trustee Colony
• The Trustee period in Georgia began when King
George II gave permission to establish the
colony in 1732.
• Georgia was governed by trustees for its first
twenty years.
• The trustees hoped the settlers would produce
wine and silk to send back to England.
• New settlers had to plant mulberry trees for
the raising of silkworms.
56. Not everyone was
welcome in Georgia
Liquor
Rum
Blacks
Can you guess why?
Refer to page 116 in your text
(Georgia and the American
Experience) Lawyers
Papist
Catholics
57. Strict Rules for the Colonists
• No slaves were allowed in the
colony.
• No rum or other liquor was
allowed.
• Land was limited to 50 acres
per family.
58. Mary Musgrove
• Married to a South Carolina trader.
• Was a vital link between the English
settlers and the Creek people.
• Was an interpreter between
Oglethorpe and the Creeks.
59. Tomochichi
• Chief of the
Yamacraw Indians.
• Gave Oglethorpe
permission to settle at
Yamacraw Bluff.
• Traveled to England
with Oglethorpe.
60. Savannah
• Georgia’s first city.
• Savannah was to
have four large
squares, and each
square was to
have its own
system of smaller
squares and
rectangles.
62. SS8H2 The student will analyze the
colonial period of Georgia’s history.
b. Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgia’s
colonial history, emphasizing the role of
the Salzburgers, Highland Scots,
malcontents, and the Spanish threat from
Florida.
63. Georgia’s First Settlement:
Savannah, blocks, death. New Settlers:
Jews, Lutheran Saltzburgers video 8 mins,
Germans, Swiss ps
ou
r s
, G ion
ls t
id ua tland ownership
Growing Pains (Malcontents)
complaints about ruless itu
video 6 mins
i v In
restrictions, d
Inslavery ban, prohibition.
and
Building Forts: Darien, Scotts
Highlanders video 10 mins , Saint Simons Island
64. The Salzburgers
• German-speaking settlers who
settled Ebenezer and were
known especially for their
success in producing silk.
• They came to Georgia
seeking religious freedom.
• They called their home
Ebenezer.
• They worked hard and
Ebenezer became the most
successful Georgia community.
• They did not approve of
slavery.
65. Highland Scots/Scottish
Highlanders
• A group of people
known for their
fighting abilities
who were brought
to Georgia to build
Georgia’s first fort
at Darien.
• They came to the
colony to re-
establish the fallen
Fort King George.
66. The Spanish Threat from Florida
• Georgian soldiers made an unsuccessful attack
on the Spanish mission of St. Augustine, Florida,
in 1740. Two years later, the Spanish attacked
Fort Frederica. The tension between British
Georgia and Spanish Florida came to a head in
the Battle of Bloody Marsh. Oglethorpe waged
one more attack against Spanish Florida. The
attack was unsuccessful.
Optional Reading:
Crutchfield, James A. It Happened in Georgia: Battle of Bloody Marsh
Guilford Ct: Morris Book Publishing, 2007
67. When the Georgia colony was
established, which religious group was not
allowed to settle in it?
A. Jews
B. Puritans
C. Catholics
D. Protestants
69. SS8H2 The student will analyze the
colonial period of Georgia’s history.
n d
a
ps
ou
c. Explain the development of
r s
, G iocolony with
Georgia as als ut n
a royal
du sownership,
i land tit
regard div In
to
In government, and the
slavery,
impact of the royal governors.
70. Georgia as a Royal Colony
• 1752-1776
• This meant that Georgia was controlled by
the British government.
• Government
– Executive Branch included a royal governor
and his council.
– Legislative Branch – two-house (bicameral)
– Judicial Branch – made up of a high court, a
general court, and a justice of the peace.
71. Slavery
There was no longer a rule against slavery.
Half of the people living in Georgia were
enslaved people from Africa.
72. Land Ownership
• Settlers who came to
the colony by way of the
Trust’s charity, were
limited to fifty-acre land
grants.
• Those who paid could
have up to 500 acres of
land and were required
to have at least one
servant or family
member for every fifty
acres of their grant.
73. John Reynolds
• First royal governor of Georgia.
• Introduced the idea of self-government
and set up a court system.
• Proved ineffective and was recalled at the
end of 1756.
74. Henry Ellis
• Second royal governor of Georgia.
• Established a sound foundation for
government.
• Asked to go back to England after three
years.
75. James Wright
• Last royal governor
of Georgia.
• A popular governor
• Georgia enjoyed a
period of remarkable
growth during his
tenure.
76. Trustee Colony Royal Colony
Time Period
Leaders
Governance
Boundaries
Land Ownership
Distribution
Slavery
Religion
The Colonists
(Groups, Origins Etc…
77. SS8G1 The student will describe
Georgia with regard to physical
features and location.
d. Evaluate the impact of climate on
tion
ca
Georgia’s development.
Lo
Based on what we have learned so far, how do YOU think climate might have
impacted Georgia’s development?
78. Georgia’s Climate
• Warm Temperate Subtropical
• Hot and humid weather, frequent rainfall,
and poor soil.
• Georgia’s climate impacted Georgia’s
development because settlers could
produce enough food to feed their families.
• However, life was very hard for the Georgia
colonists. The climate and soil were not
right for growing the crops that they thought
they could. The heat and humidity resulted
in death from disease.
79. SS8E1 The student will give
examples of the kinds of goods and
services produced in Georgia in
different historical periods.
Silk Worms Pine
Mulberry Trees
Deer Skins
Indigo
Rice
80. SS8E1 Summative Assessment
Task: You have been hired by James Ogelthorpe to
research all of the resources and crops that Georgia
produces. You are to write a report to King George in order
to obtain additional funding for the colony.
Discuss Process and Due Dates
Does not Meets Exceeds
meet
Gives Examples are Gives examples of Gives examples of at
examples of inappropriate. at least 7 least 7 appropriate
crops and appropriate resources and
resources resources explains how they
appropriate
to the
support the economy
colonial
period