Health in international development agenda_Health for all to SDG

1. Health in international development agenda: “Health for all” to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Dr. Bhavesh Kanabar Resident
2. Outline of presentation… • Health for all • Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 2
3. Health for all Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 3
4. Back ground for “Health For All” World:Health and related socio-economic problems • 1000 million-trapped in vicious cycle of poverty, malnutrition, disease • Life expectancy: 55 years in developing countries 50 years in Africa and southern Asia • IMR: 100 to 200/1000 LB in developing countries • Only 1/3 population in least developed countries- access to safe drinking water and sanitary facilities Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 4
5. Back ground (Contd…) • Under nutrition-hundreds of millions of people • Literacy 28% in least developed countries 900 million people in developing countries could neither read nor write • Health system Poorly organized in most countries Concentrated in cities only 2/3 population in developing countries did not have access to any permanent health care Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 5
6. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 6
7. Mile stones for “Health for All” 1977 Decision for launching “ Health for All by 2000” in 30th World Health Assembly was taken 1978 Alma-Ata International conference stated that Primary Health Care is the key to achieve target of HFA 1979 32nd World Health Assembly launched “ Health for All by 2000” 1981 34th World Health Assembly adopted “ Health for All by 2000” Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 7
8. Definition of “Health For All” “Attainment of a level of health that will enable every individual to lead a socially and economically productive life" Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 8
9. 1981 Global strategy for HFA was evolved by WHO National strategies for individual countries Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 10
10. Monitoring and Evaluation of Progress towards “Health for all” Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 11
11. Global indicators for monitoring progress towards “Health for all” • Health policy indicators • Social and economic indicators related to health • Indicators for the provision of health care • Health status indicators Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 12
12. Health policy indicators • Political commitment to "Health for All" • Resource allocation • Degree of equity of distribution of health services • Community involvement • Organizational framework and managerial process Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 13
13. Social and Economic indicators related to health • Rate of population increase • GNP or GDP • Income distribution • Work conditions • Adult literacy rate • Housing • Food availability Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 15
14. Indicators for the provision of health care • Availability • Accessibility • Utilization • Quality of care Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 16
15. Health status indicators • Low birth weight (percentage) • Nutritional status and psychosocial development of children • Infant mortality rate • Child mortality rate (1-4 years) • Life expectancy at birth • Maternal mortality rate • Disease specific mortality • Morbidity - incidence and prevalence • Disability prevalence Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 18
16. “Health for all” targets for India Indicator Level in 1978 Health for all Target Infant Mortality Rate 125/1000 live birth <60/1000 live birth Life expectancy 52 years 64years Crude Death Rate 14/1000 population 9/1000 population Crude Birth Rate 33/1000 population 21/1000 population Net Reproduction Rate 1 To provide potable water to entire rural population Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 19
17. Achievements towards “Health for all” in South East Asian Region Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 20
18. Some achievements • The average annual population growth rate in the Region declined from – 2.16% in 1975-1980 to 1.44% in 2000-2005. • Life expectancies rose • Infant mortality rates decreased • The Region was close to eliminate leprosy and to eradicate poliomyelitis • It was certified free of guinea worm disease in February 2000 Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 21
19. Achievements (Contd..) • The number of physicians in countries of the Region 2 to 26 per 100,000 population in 1970 4 to 48 and above per 100,000 by the 1990s. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 22
20. Achievements (Contd..) Successful health research projects in the Region included Dengue vaccine production in Thailand Hepatitis B vaccine and anti-snake toxoid production in Myanmar Leprosy drug trials and community-based rehabilitation in India Testing drug resistance in malaria parasites in Thailand Multicentric study on low birth weight and its risk factors in India, Nepal and Sri Lanka Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 23
21. Achievements towards “Health for all” in India Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 24
22. Achievements of India Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 25 Sr. No. PARAMETERS YEARS 1951-61 1961 1991-94 1998-99 2002/03 2005/06 1 Crude Birth Rate 41.7 (1951) 37.2 28.7 (SRS 1993) 26.4 (SRS 1998) 25.4/24.8 21 2 Crude Death Rate 25.1 (1951) 10.4 (SRS 1998) 8.4/8 7.6 3 Maternal Mortality Ratio >5 /1000 LB 4.37 /1000 LB 4.07 /1000 LB 4 Infant Mortality Rate 146 110 74 (SRS 1993) 72 (SRS 1998) 63/60 45 5 Life expectancy at birth (years) 41.3 50.5 56.6 62 64.6 56
23. Challenges • Non-Communicable diseases figured prominently in the spectrum of illnesses in the Region – taking a toll of nearly seven million lives every year • Tuberculosis and malaria still dominated the disease pattern, with the added concern of drug resistance • Kala-azar, once nearly eradicated, and plague, which was dormant for decades, had reappeared • HIV infection was assuming grave proportions Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 26
24. Challenges (contd..) • Cases of cholera, caused by a new strain, O139, needed careful monitoring • Many countries still lack trained epidemiologists to investigate and control outbreaks • Less effective vector control due to increased insecticide resistance • An increasing trend in microbial resistance Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 27
25. Challenges (contd..) • Changes in socioeconomic, demographic and environmental patterns which favoured the emergence and spread of infectious diseases – Rapid population growth – Increasing poverty – Uncontrolled urbanization – Environmental degradation – Rapid increase in travel within as well as between countries Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 28
26. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 29
27. Millennium Development Goals Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 30
28. India’s progress towards MDGs Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 32
29. Indicator Year 1990 Actual/est. value MDG target 2015 Latest status Likely achievement by 2015 MDG 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER TARGET 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day On -track Proportion of population below poverty line (%) 47.8 23.9 21.92 (2011-12) 20.74 TARGET 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Slow or almost off- track Proportion of under-weight children below 3 years (%) 52 26 40 (2005- 06) 33 Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 33
30. Health in international development agenda: “Health for all” to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Dr. Bhavesh Kanabar Resident
31. Steps taken to achieve Goal 1 GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER • Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS) [1975] • Indira Awas Yojana (1985) • Pradhan Mantry Gram Sadak Yojana (25th Dec. 2000) • The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (3rd Dec. 2005) • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) [2nd Feb 2006] • National Food Security Mission (Oct 2007) • Aajeevika-National Rural Livelihood Mission (June 2011) • National Urban Livelihood Mission (13th Feb 2015) Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 35
32. Immediate steps to be taken.. • To widen implementation of MGNREGA and Food Security in poorer states • Universalization of the Government’s financial inclusion programme Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan • Emphasis on both increasing growth and more spending on poverty eradication programmes • Vigorous implementing the ‘Make in India’ Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 36
33. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 37 Indicator Year 1990 Actual/est. value MDG target 2015 Latest status Likely achievement 2015 MDG 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION TARGET 3: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling Moderately on-track Net Enrolment Ratio in primary grade (%) 77 100 88.08 (2013-14) Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds 61 100 86.1 (2011) 93.38
34. Steps taken to achieve Goal 2 MDG 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION • Early Childhood Care and Education under ICDS [1975] • Mid Day Meal Scheme (15th Aug 1995) • Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2000-01) Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 38
35. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 39 Indicator Year 1990 Actual/est. value MDG target 2015 Latest status Likely achievement 2015 MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN On-track Ratio of girls to boys (Gender Parity Index) Primary education 0.73 1.00 1.03 (2013-14) 1 Secondary education 0.60 1.00 1 Tertiary education 0.54 1.00 0.89
36. Steps taken to achieve Goal 3 MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN • Mahila Samakhya Programme (1988) • Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2000-01) • National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (July 2003) • Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhyalaya Scheme (Aug 2004) • Kishori Shakti Yojana (1st Jan 2007) • Rashtriya Madhyamic Shiksha Abhiyan (Mar 2009) • Saakshar Bharat (8th Sept 2009) • Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls – SABLA (1st Apr 2011) • Rashtriya Uchhtar Shiksha Abhiyan (2013) • Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (Jan 2015) Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 40
37. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 42 Indicator Year 1990 Actual/est. value MDG target 2015 Latest status Likely achievement 2015 MDG 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY TARGET 5 : Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Under- Five Morality Rate Moderately on – track due to the sharp decline in recent years Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 126 42 49 (2013) 40 Infant Mortality rate (per 1000 live births) 80 27 40 (2013) 39 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunized against measles 42.2 100 74.1 (2009) 89
38. Steps taken to achieve Goal 4 MDG 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY • Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS) [1975] • National Health Mission (NHM) [12th Apr 2005-NRHM, 1st May 2013-NUHM] • Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) [Feb 2013] Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 43
39. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 44 Indicator Year 1990 Actual/est. value MDG target 2015 Latest status Likely achievement 2015 MDG 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH TARGET 6 : Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio Slow or off- track Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births) 437 109 167 (2011- 13) 140 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 33 100 76.2 (2009) 77.29
40. Steps taken to achieve Goal 5 MDG 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH • Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS) [1975] • Indira Gandhi Matritav Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) (2010) • National Health Mission (NHM) [12th Apr 2005-NRHM, 1st May 2013-NUHM] Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 45
41. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 46 Indicator Year 1990 Actual/est. value MDG target 2015 Latest status Likely achievement 2015 MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES TARGET 7 : Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS On-track as trend reversal in HIV prevalence has achieved HIV Prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years ( % ) Target is trend reversal and not based on base year value 0.32 (2012- 13) Trend reversal Condom use at last high-risk sex (%) 74 (2010)
42. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 47 Indicator Year 1990 Actual/est. value MDG target 2015 Latest status Likely achievement 2015 MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES TARGET 8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases (trend reversal has achieved for Annual Parasite Incidence of Malaria and for prevalence of TB ) Moderately on-track Annual parasite incidence (API) rate (Malaria) 2.57 reversal of trend 0.80 (upto Nov- 2014) Achieved reversal trend Prevalence of TB (including HIV) per 100,000 population 338 211 (2013) Deaths due to TB per 100,000 population 43 19
43. Steps taken to achieve Goal 6 MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES • Urban Malaria Scheme (1971) • National AIDS Control Programme (1992) • Revised National TB Control Programme (26th Mar 1997) • National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme (2003-04) Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 48
44. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 49 Indicator Year 1990 Actual/es t. value MDG target 2015 Latest status Likely achievement 2015 MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY TARGET 10: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation On-track for the indicator of drinking water, but slow for the indicator of Sanitation Households with sustainable access to an improved water source(%) Urban 87.12 93.56 95.3 (2012) 97.5 Rural 58.94 79.47 88.5 (2012) 96.3 Households without access to sanitation (%) Urban 24.1 15.84 8.8 (2012) 12.14 Rural 87.1 46.64 59.4 (2012) 61.11
45. Steps taken to achieve Goal 7 MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY • Nirmal Gram Puraskar (Oct 2003) • National Rural Drinking Water Programme (Apr 2009) • Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (2nd Oct 2014) Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 50
46. MDG: what we met and missed Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 51
47. Recapping the journey of Health in international development agenda…….. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 52
48. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 53
50.  17 goals  169 targets  More than 300 indicators Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 55
51. UN Headquarter Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 56
55. BARAK OBAMA’S SPEECH AT SDG SUMMIT Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 60
56. SDGs- Introduction Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 61
57. Areas of critical importance in SDGs • People • Planet • Prosperity • Peace • Partnership Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 62
58. SDGs- Introduction • SDGs -not legally binding • Governments - to take ownership and establish national frameworks • Countries - Primary responsibility for follow-up and review of the progress – Quality – Accessible and timely data collection. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 63
59. Sustainable Development Goals • Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere • Goal 2 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture • Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages • Goal 4 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 64
60. SDGs • Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls • Goal 6 Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all • Goal 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all • Goal 8 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 65
61. SDGs • Goal 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation • Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries • Goal 11 Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable • Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 66
62. SDGs • Goal 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts • Goal 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development • Goal 15 Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 67
63. SDGs • Goal 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels • Goal 17 Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 68
64. Transitioning from MDGs to SDGs Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 69
65. Goal 1 End poverty in all its forms everywhere Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 70
66. Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Background 836 million people still live in extreme poverty About one in five persons in developing regions lives on less than $1.25 per day High poverty rates are often found in small, fragile and conflict-affected countries One in seven children under age five in the world has inadequate height for his or her age Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 71
67. Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Targets (total 7) By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 72
68. Goal 2 End hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 73
69. Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security ....... Background Globally, one in nine people in the world today (795 million) are undernourished The vast majority of the world’s hungry people live in developing countries, where 12.9 per cent of the population is undernourished. Asia is the continent with the most hungry people – two thirds of the total. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 74
70. Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security ....... Background Poor nutrition causes nearly half (45 per cent) of deaths in children under five. One in four of the world’s children suffer stunted growth. In developing countries the proportion can rise to one in three. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 75
71. Goal 2 (Contd…) Targets (total 8) By 2030, end hunger and ensure access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round in particular to.. Poor People in vulnerable situations, Infants By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, Address the nutritional needs of ... Adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 76
72. Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 77
73. Goal 3 Ensure healthy lives..... Background Child health 17,000 fewer children die each day than in 1990, but more than six million children still die before their fifth birthday each year Children born into poverty are almost twice as likely to die before the age of five as those from wealthier families. Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted nearly 15.6 million deaths Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 78
74. Goal 3 (Contd…) Maternal health Maternal mortality has fallen by almost 50 per cent since 1990 But maternal mortality ratio –– in developing regions is still 14 times higher than in the developed regions In developing regions, antenatal care increased from 65 per cent in 1990 to 83 per cent in 2012 Only half of women in developing regions receive the recommended amount of health care they need Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 79
75. Goal 3 (Contd…)  HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases At the end of 2014, there were 13.6 million people accessing antiretroviral therapy At the end of 2013..... New HIV infections -estimated at 2.1 million An estimated 35 million people- living with HIV 240 000 children were newly infected with HIV Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 80
76. Goal 3 (Contd…)  HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Over 6.2 million malaria deaths have been averted between 2000 and 2015 The global malaria incidence rate has fallen by an estimated 37 per cent and the morality rates by 58 per cent Between 2000 and 2013, tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment interventions saved an estimated 37 million lives The tuberculosis mortality rate fell by 45 per cent and the prevalence rate by 41 per cent between 1990 and 2013 Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 81
77. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets (total 13) By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce.... • Neonatal mortality -12 per 1,000 live births • Under-5 mortality -25 per 1,000 live births Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 82
78. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 83
79. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 84
80. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 85
81. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases. Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce Strengthen the capacity of all countries for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 86
82. Goal 4 Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 87
83. Goal 4 (Contd....) Back ground Enrolment in primary education in developing countries has reached 91 per cent but ..... 57 million children remain out of school 103 million youth worldwide lack basic literacy skills, and more than 60 per cent of them are women Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 88
84. Goal 4 (Contd....) Targets (total 9) By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre- primary education By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and Ensure equal access to all levels of education for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 89
85. Goal 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 90
86. Goal 5 (Contd....) Targets (target 9) End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 92
87. Goal 5 (Contd....) Targets (target 9) Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 93
88. Goal 6 Ensure access to water and sanitation for all Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 94
89. Goal 6 (Contd....) Background: 2.6 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 663 million people are still without At least 1.8 billion people globally use a source of drinking water that is fecally contaminated 2.4 billion people lack access to basic sanitation services, such as toilets or latrines Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 95
90. Goal 6 (Contd....) Background More than 80 per cent of wastewater resulting from human activities is discharged into rivers or sea without any pollution removal Each day, nearly 1,000 children die due to preventable water and sanitation-related diarrhoeal diseases Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 96
91. Goal 6 (Contd....) Targets (total 8) By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all To end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 97
92. Goal 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 98
93. Goal 7 (Contd....) Back ground 3 billion people rely on wood, coal, charcoal or animal waste for cooking and heating Energy is the dominant contributor to climate change, accounting for around 60 per cent of total global greenhouse gas emissions Reducing the carbon intensity of energy is a key objective in long-term climate goals Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 99
94. Goal 7 (Contd....) Targets (total 5) By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 100
95. Goal 8 Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 101
96. Goal 8 (Contd....) Background: Global unemployment increased from 170 million in 2007 to nearly 202 million in 2012 Poverty eradication is only possible through stable and well-paid jobs Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 102
97. Goal 8 (Contd....) Targets ( total 12) Take immediate and effective measures..... To eradicate forced labour To end modern slavery To end human trafficking To end child labour in all its forms by 2025 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments employment Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 103
98. Goal 9 Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 104
99. Goal 9 (Contd....) Background Basic infrastructure like roads, information and communication technologies, electrical power etc. remains scarce in many developing countries Undeveloped infrastructures limits access to health care and education Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 105
100. Goal 9 (Contd....) Target (8) Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including Regional and trans-border infrastructure To support economic development and human well- being,  With a focus on affordable and equitable access for all Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 106
101. Goal 10 Reduce inequality within and among countries Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 107
102. Goal 10 (Contd....) Background Children of under 5 age group in the poorest 20 per cent of the populations are still up to three times more likely to die than children in the richest quintiles Social protection has been significantly extended globally, yet persons with disabilities are up to five times more likely than average to incur catastrophic health expenditures Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 108
103. Goal 10 (Contd....) Background Despite overall declines in maternal mortality in the majority of developing countries, women in rural areas are still up to three times more likely to die while giving birth than women living in urban centres Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 109
104. Goal 10 (Contd....) Targets (total 10) By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 110
105. Goal 11 Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 111
106. Goal 11 (Contd....) Background Half of humanity – 3.5 billion people – lives in cities today By 2030, almost 60 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban areas Rapid urbanization is exerting pressure on fresh water supplies, sewage, the living environment, and public health Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 112
107. Goal 11 (Contd....) Targets(9) By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 113
108. Goal 12 Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 114
109. Goal 12 (Contd....) Background Each year, an estimated one third of all food produced – (equivalent to 1.3 billion tonnes) worth around US $1 trillion – ends up rotting in the bins of consumers and retailers, or spoiling due to poor transportation and harvesting practices If people worldwide switched to energy efficient light bulbs the world would save US $120 billion annually Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 115
110. Goal 12 (Contd....) Background Water Less than 3 per cent of the world’s water is fresh (drinkable), of which 2.5 per cent is frozen in the Antarctica, Arctic and glaciers Humanity must therefore rely on 0.5 per cent for all of man’s ecosystem’s and fresh water needs Man is polluting water faster than nature can recycle and purify water in rivers and lakes. Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 116
111. Goal 12 (Contd....) Background Food 3 billion tonnes of food is wasted every year while almost 1 billion people go undernourished and another 1 billion hungry Overconsumption of food is detrimental to our health and the environment 2 billion people globally are overweight or obese Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 117
112. Goal 12 (Contd....) Targets (total 11) By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 118
113. Goal 13 Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 119
114. Goal 13 (Contd....) Background From 1880 to 2012, average global temperature increased by 0.85°C. For each 1 degree of temperature increase, grain yields decline by about 5 per cent Oceans have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished and sea level has risen Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 120
115. Goal 13 (Contd....) Targets (total 5) Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate- related hazards and natural disasters in all countries Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 121
116. Goal 14 Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 122
117. Goal 14 (Contd....) Background Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods Oceans absorb about 30 per cent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming Oceans serve as the world’s largest source of protein, with more than 3 billion people depending on the oceans as their primary source of protein Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 123
118. Goal 14 (Contd....) Targets (total 10) By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 124
119. Goal 15 Sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, halt biodiversity loss Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 125
120. Goal 15 (Contd....) Background Due to drought and desertification each year 12 million hectares are lost (23 hectares per minute), where 20 million tons of grain could have been grown 74 per cent of the poor are directly affected by land degradation globally As many as 80 per cent of people living in rural areas in developing countries rely on traditional plant-based medicines for basic health care Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 126
121. Goal 15 (Contd....) Targets (total 12) By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 127
122. Goal 16 Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 128
123. Goal 16 (Contd....) Background Corruption, bribery, theft and tax evasion cost some US $1.26 trillion for developing countries per year; This amount of money could be used to lift those who are living on less than $1.25 a day to above poverty level for at least six years The rate of children leaving primary school in conflict affected countries reached 50 per cent in 2011 Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 129
124. Goal 16 (Contd....) Targets (total 11) Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 130
125. Goal 17 Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 131
126. Goal 17 (Contd....) Background Official development assistance stood at $135.2 billion in 2014, the highest level ever recorded 79 per cent of imports from developing countries enter developed countries duty-free The debt burden on developing countries remains stable at about 3 per cent of export revenue Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 132
127. Goal 17 (Contd....) Targets (total 19) Finance Technology Capacity building Trade Systemic issues Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 133
128. Thank you Apr 30, 2016 Health for all to SDG 135

Editor's Notes

International development agenda has been actively led by the United Nations (UN) and its technical agencies since their inception in 1940s. It brings together global political leaders to discuss common concerns related to peace, security, and development in line with the international charters and treaties. The development goals are built on the principle of consensus building. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have been unique rallying point to bring the member states, civil society organizations and donors together to address development issues. And recently Sustainable developmental goals have boosted the development agenda
I will walk you all through the journey right from 1978 when health for all was launched to 2015 when SDGs were declared. In between of course year 2000…….MDG……
Background : Highlight global health and related situation before each development goals
how this development agendas has been laid down?
What are the goals, targets
What progress has been made
What is future?
In 1977, it was decided in the World Health Assembly to launch a movement known as &quot;Health for All by the year 2000&quot;. The fundamental principle of HFA strategy is equity, that is, an equal health status for people and countries, ensured by an equitable distribution of health resources.
see slide 09 (hidden slide) for parabriefing speech………
Page 31 of health for all by who
In 1981, a global strategy for HFA was evolved by WHO (13). The global strategy provides a global framework that is broad enough to apply to all Member States and flexible enough to be adapted to national and regional variations of conditions and requirements. This was followed by individual countries developing their own strategies for achieving HFA,
The Alma-Ata Conference called on all governments to formulate national policies, strategies and plans of action to launch and sustain primary health care as part of a national health system. It was left to each country to develop its norms and indicators for providing primary health care according to its own circumstances.
Political commitment is essential for attainment of health for all. Idintification of suitable indicators for political commitment presents particular difficulties. In other fields it is possible to find quantitative indicators, how evere in case of Political commitment they are largely qualitative.
It is at the budget level that govt’s general statements of intent are usually translated into specific terms and budget is therefore of special importance as a basis for indicators of commitment
Resource allocation
Proportion of Gross National Product spent on health services
Proportion of Gross National Product spent on health related services
Proportion of total health resource devoted to primary health care
Degree of equity
Means and averages are less useful than indicators which accentuate the pattern of actual distribution. for exe. the proportion and geographical distribution of population that dose not have reasonable acccess to clean water or is not covered by primary health care services and major variation in health status between two groups-this identifies those who have health and those “who do not”
Community involvement
The term community involvement has been given preference over community participation beacause it is not sufficient merely to participate which may be simply a passive response: there should be mechanism and processes to enable people to become actively involved and to take responsibility for some decisions and activities jointly wid health professionals. For this indicator – degree of decentralization of decision-making
organizational framework and managerial process
If govt. are politically committted they will establish suitable organizational framework and managerial process for national health development. An assessment can be made by answering some que like
Whether there is effective communication between different organizational levels and departments within the health sector and other relavant sectors
Whether all technical divisions in a ministry of health partivipate in joint managemnent of primary health care programme to ensure full integration of services
Social and economic indicators: The indicators covered in this section differ from those in the preceding and following section in that they do not directly measure progress towards health for all unless this is interpreted very widely but rather relate to influences on that progress from outside the health sector.. They do not generally correspond to specific objectives and targets.
Rate of population of increase: changes in the size of population and its age and sex structure are basic forms of indicator. Birth rate, death rate and natural disease rate are useful indicators of health status
GDP/GNP: size of national economy is another background influence, comparable in importance with size of the population expressed in terms of GNP/GDP
Income distribution: Given the stress on the equity in the definition of health for all and primary health care, it is unfortunate that per capita GNP cannot usually be calculated separately for district or groups within a country
Adult literacy rate: progress towards health for all is likely to be strongly influneced by two social factors which are generally not regarded as part of health sector: education and housing. The literacy rate of women is particulary important for health since it is they who most often provide primary health care in home
Housing : housing indicator should take into account the nature of accomodation in terms of its size, its insulation against extremes of weather, the exclusion from it of disease carrying insects and rodents , availbility of water and sanitary facilities
See slide no. 17 (hidden slide ) for parabriefing speech…….
As a signatory to the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978, the Government of India was committed to take steps to provide HFA to its citizens by 2000 AD.
The National Health Policy 1983 echoes the WHO call for HFA and the Alma-Ata Declaration. It had laid down specific goals in respect of the various health indicators by different dates such as 1990 and 2000 AD. Foremost among the goals · to be achieved by 2000 AD were :
These improvements have been largely due to vigorously sustained immunization programmes. Efforts to control acute respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases have also contributed substantially.
The number of physicians in countries of the Region, which ranged from
2 to 26 per 100,000 population in 1970, had increased to
4 to 48 and above per 100,000 by the 1990s.
Combating communicable diseases non-Communicable diseases figure prominently in the spectrum of illnesses in the Region, taking a toll of nearly seven million lives every year.
Countries in the Region were formulating strategies to strengthen measures to control these new, emerging and re-emerging diseases of public health importance
During September 2000, representatives from 189 countries met at the Millennium Summit in New York, to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration. The goals in the area of development and poverty eradication are now widely referred to as &quot;Millennium Development Goals“ (MDGs). The MDGs place health at the heart of development and represent commitments by governments throughout the world to do more to reduce poverty and
hunger and to tackle ill-health; gender inequality; lack of education; access to clean water; and environmental degradation. They are an integral part of the road map towards the implementation of the UN Millennium Declaration. Three of the 8 goals, 8 of the 18 targets
, and 18 of the 48 indicators of progress, are health related.
Being the 2nd most populous country in the world and all the MDGs being vital in the Indian context , nation’s progress have very decisive role in determining the global status.
As a signatory to the historic Millennium Declaration adopted at the United Nations General Assembly in September 2000, India has remained committed to ending poverty and other deprivations. Achieving the MDG swas a core development challenge for India. India’s present Government has reinforced this priority through the principle of “Sabka Sath, Sabka Vikas” and the Prime Minister, in his 2014 Independence Day speech, also urged Indians to work together towards overcoming poverty, gender inequality and the lack of sanitation, which are all crucial MDG tasks.
India has made notable progress towards reaching the MDGs but achievement across the Goals varies……….
India has achieved the poverty reduction target, but progress is uneven. Faster reduction in poverty since the mid-2000s helped India halve the incidence of poverty from the 1990 level. !is was a result both of economic growth (including in agriculture) as well as increased social spending on interventions such as MGNREGA and the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). Nevertheless, over 270 million Indians in 2012 still remained trapped in extreme poverty – making the post-2015 goal of eliminating extreme poverty by 2030 challenging, but feasible.
International development agenda has been actively led by the United Nations (UN) and its technical agencies since their inception in 1940s. It brings together global political leaders to discuss common concerns related to peace, security, and development in line with the international charters and treaties. The development goals are built on the principle of consensus building. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have been unique rallying point to bring the member states, civil society organizations and donors together to address development issues. And recently Sustainable developmental goals have boosted the development agenda
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is the largest program for promotion of maternal and child health and nutrition not only in India but in the whole world. The scheme was launched in 1975 in pursuance of the National Policy for Children.
Indira Awaas Yojana is a social welfare flagship programme, created by the Indian Government, to provide housing for the rural poor in India.This scheme was launched by Rajiv Gandhi,the Prime Minister of India at that time. It was one of the major flagship programs of the Rural Development Ministry to construct houses for BPL population in the villages. Started in 1985 as part of the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP), Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was subsumed in Jawahar rojgar Yojana (JRY) in 1989 and has been operating as an independent scheme since 1996
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY), Rural road connectivity is a key component of rural development, since it promotes access to economic and social services thereby generating increased agricultural income and productive employment opportunities in rural India.
As a part of its poverty reduction strategy and to bring about rapid sustainable development and socio-economic transformation in rural India, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched by the Government of India to provide rural road connectivity to hither to unconnected rural habitation. This 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme[2] was introduced in 2000 by the then Prime Minister Of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) was a massive city-modernisation scheme launched by theGovernment of India under Ministry of Urban Development. It envisaged a total investment of over $20 billion over seven years. Named after Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, the scheme was officially inaugurated by prime minister Manmohan Singh on 3 December 2005[1] as a programme meant to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities. It was launched in 2005 for a seven-year period (up to March 2012) to encourage cities to initiate steps for bringing phased improvements in their civic service levels. The government had extended the tenure of the mission for two years, i.e., from April 2012 to March 31, 2014.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (or, NREGA No 42) was later renamed as the &quot;Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act&quot; (or, MGNREGA), is an Indian labour law and social security measure that aims to guarantee the &apos;right to work&apos;. It aims to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
National Food Security Mission
The National Development Council (NDC) in its 53rd meeting held on 29th May, 2007 adopted a resolution to launch a Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses to increase the production of rice by 10 million tons, wheat by 8 million tons and pulses by 2 million tons by the end of the Eleventh Plan (2011-12). Accordingly, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, &apos;National Food Security Mission&apos; (NFSM), was launched in October 2007. The Mission is being continued during 12th Five Year Plan with new targets of additional production of food grains of 25 million tons of food grains comprising of 10 million tons rice, 8 million tons of wheat, 4 million tons of pulses and 3 million tons of coarse cereals by the end of 12th Five Year Plan.
Aajeevika-National Rural Livelihood Mission
National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) is a poverty alleviation project implemented by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. This scheme is focused on promoting self-employment and organization of rural poor. The basic idea behind this programme is to organize the poor into SHG (Self Help Groups) groups and make them capable for self-employment.
National Urban Livelihood Mission To reduce poverty and vulnerability of the urban poor households by enabling them to access gainful self employment and skilled wage employment opportunities,resulting in an appreciable improvement in their livelihoods on a sustainable basis,through building strong grassroots level institutions of the poor. The mission would aim at providing shelters equipped with essential services to the urban homeless in a phased manner.
To widen implementation of poverty alleviation programmes, such as MGNREGA and Food Security in poorer states
To guarantee more inclusive growth through universalization of the Government’s financial inclusion programme Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana across the nation, and integrate it with expanded micro-finance and micro-insurance schemes
Over the medium term, continue emphasis on both increasing growth and social spending on poverty eradication programmes
Expanding productive jobs in manufacturing and services sectors including through promotion of small and medium enterprises; vigorously implementing the ‘Make in India’ programme by leveraging the large domestic market through infrastructure development
Mid Day Meal Scheme
with a view to enhance enrolment, retention and attendance and simultaneously improving nutritional levels among children, the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) was launched as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme on 15th August 1995.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (Hindi: सर्व शिक्षा अभियान, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyān, English: Education for All Movement), or SSA, is an Indian Government programme aimed at the universalisation of elementary education &quot;in a time bound manner&quot;, as mandated by the 86th Amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory education to children between the ages of 6 to 14 (estimated to be 205 million children in 2001) a fundamental right. The programme was pioneered by former Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. SSA has been operational since 2000-2001 to provide for a variety of interventions for universal access and retention, bridging of gender and social category gaps in elementary education and improving the quality of learning. SSA interventions include inter alia, opening of new schools and alternate schooling facilities, construction of schools and additional classrooms, toilets and drinking water, provisioning for teachers, regular teacher in service training and academic resource support, free textbooks& uniforms and support for improving learning achievement levels / outcome.
Mahila Samakhya Programme
The National Policy on Education, 1986 recognised that the empowerment of women is possibly the most critical pre-condition for the participation of girls and women in the educational process. The Mahila Samakhya programme was launched in 1988 to pursue the objectives of the National Policy on Education, 1986. It recognised that education can be an effective tool for women’s empowerment, the parameters of which are: See slide 40
The National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL), is a focussed intervention of Government of India, to reach the “Hardest to Reach” girls, especially those not in school. Launched in July 2003, it is an important component of SSA, which provides additional support for enhancing girl’s education over and above the investments for girl’s education through normal SSA interventions. The programme provides for development of a “model school” in every cluster with more intense community mobilization and supervision of girls enrolment in schools. Gender sensitisation of teachers, development of gender-sensitive learning materials, and provision of need-based incentives like escorts, stationery, workbooks and uniforms are some of the endeavours under the programme. The scheme is being implemented in educationally backward blocks (EBBs) where the level of rural female literacy is less than the national average and the gender gap is above the national average;
The Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV) scheme was launched by the Government of India in August, 2004 for setting up residential schools at upper primary level for girls belonging predominantly to the SC, ST, OBC and minorities in difficult areas. The scheme of the KGBV ran as a separate scheme but in harmony with the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL) and Mahila Samakhya (MS) for the first two years, but has since 1st April, 2007 merged with the SSA programme as a separate component of that programme.
The Kishori Shakti Yojana :The centrally sponsored Adolescent Girls scheme, renamed asThe Kishori Shakti Yojana is a programme which has been undertaken to promote and provide education and knowledge to young girls between the age of eleven and eighteen regarding their environment, social status, social problems, health, hygiene, marital status etc. It also aims to teach young girls sufficient vocational skills with the help of which they would be empowered and become self-sufficient human beings.
Saakshar Bharat is a government of India initiative launched by Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh to create a literate society through a variety of teaching learning programmes for non-literate and neo-literate of 15 years and above. It was launched on 8 September 2009.[1] It aims to recast India&apos;s National Literacy Mission to focus on literacy of women, which is expected to increase the literate population by 70 million adults, including 60 million women.
The Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) Sabla is a centrally sponsored program of Government of India initiated on April 1, 2011 underMinistry of Women and Child Development The objectives of the program are:
Enable the Adolescent girls for self-development and empowerment
Improve their nutrition and health status.
Promote awareness about health, hygiene, nutrition, adolescent reproductive and sexual health (ARSH) and family and child care
Rashtriya Madhyamic Shiksha Abhiyan
This scheme was launched in March, 2009 with the objective to enhance access to secondary education and to improve its quality. The implementation of the scheme started from 2009-10. It is envisaged to achieve an enrolment rate of 75% from 52.26% in 2005-06 at secondary stage of implementation of the scheme by providing a secondary school within a reasonable distance of any habitation. The other objectives include improving quality of education imparted at secondary level through making all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms, removing gender, socio-economic and disability barriers, providing universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e., by the end of 12th Five Year Plan and achieving universal retention by 2020.
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS), launched in 2013 aims at providing strategic funding to eligible state higher educational institutions with 8 objectives and one of the objective related to MDG 3 is Improve equity in higher education by providing adequate opportunities of higher education to SC/STs and socially and educationally backward classes; promote inclusion of women, minorities, and differently abled persons.
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
The trend of decline in the Child Sex Ratio (CSR), defined as number of girls per 1000 of boys between 0-6 years of age, has been unabated since 1961. The decline from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001 and further to 918 in 2011 is alarming. Alarmed by the sharp decline, the Government of India (by Narendra Modi) has introduced Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) programme to address the issue of decline in CSR The Overall Goal of the Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao(BBBP) Scheme is to Celebrate birth of the Girl Child & Enable her Education . The objectives of the Scheme are as under :-  Prevent gender biased sex selective elimination  Ensure survival & protection of the girl child  Ensure education of the girl child
The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) was launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 12th April 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups. The Union Cabinet vide its decision dated 1st May 2013, has approved the launch of National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a Sub-mission of an over-arching National Health Mission (NHM), with National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) being the other Sub-mission of National Health Mission.
Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is a new initiative aimed at screening over 27 crore children from 0 to 18 years for 4 Ds - Defects at birth, Diseases, De ciencies and Development Delays including Disabilities. Children diagnosed with illnesses shall receive follow up including surgeries at tertiary level, free of cost under NRHM.
The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) is a maternity benefit program run by the government of India. It was introduced in 2010 and is implemented by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. It is a conditional cash transfer scheme for pregnant and lactating women of 19 years of age or above for first two live births. It provides a partial wage compensation to women for wage-loss during childbirth and childcare and to provide conditions for safe delivery and good nutrition and feeding practices. In 2013, the scheme was brought under the National Food Security Act, 2013 to implement the provision of cash maternity benefit of₹6,000 (US$89)
Eligibility Conditions and Conditionalities
The first transfer (at the end of second birth / pregnancy trimester) of ₹3,000 (US$45) requires the mother to:
Register pregnancy at the Anganwadi centre (AWC) within four months of conception
Attend at least one prenatal care session and taking Iron-folic acid tablets and TT (tetanus toxoid injection), and
Attend at least one 3. counseling session at the AWC or healthcare centre.
The second transfer (three months after delivery) of ₹3,000 (US$45) requires the mother to:
Register the birth
Immunize the child with OPV and BCG at birth, at six weeks and at 10 weeks
Attend at least two growth monitoring sessions within three months of delivery
Additionally the scheme requires the mother to:
Exclusively breastfeed for six months and introduce complementary feeding as certified by the mother,
Immunize the child with OPV and DPT
Attend at least two counseling sessions on growth monitoring and infant and child nutrition and feeding between the third and sixth months after delivery
he Urban Malaria Scheme (UMS) was launched in 1971 with the objective of controlling malaria by reducing the vector population in the urban areas through recurrent anti larval measures and detection and treatment of cases through the existing health care services. Passive surveillance (case detection and treatment) and anti-larval measures are the main components of UMS strategy.
Nirmal Gram Puraskar
Government of India (GOI) has been promoting sanitation coverage in a campaign mode to ensure better health and quality of life for people in rural India. To add vigour to its implementation, GOI launched an award based Incentive Scheme for fully sanitized and open defecation free Gram Panchayats, Blocks, Districts and States called “Nirmal Gram Puraskar” (NGP) in October 2003 and gave away the first awards in 2005 as a component of its flagship scheme Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC)
The National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) is a flagship programme of the Government and a component of the Bharat Nirman with the objective of ensuring provision of safe and adequate drinking water supply through handpumps, piped water supply etc. to all rural areas, households and persons. This programme was launched after merging the three erstwhile programmes on__: Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme-ARWSP Swajaldhara, National Rural Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance.http://www.gktoday.in/national-rural-drinking-water-programme/
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan English: Clean India Mission and abbreviated as SBA or SBM for &quot;Swachh Bharat Mission&quot;) is a national campaign by the Government of India, covering 4,041 statutory cities and towns, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country.[1][2][3]
The campaign was officially launched on 2 October 2014 at Rajghat, New Delhi, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi himself cleaned the road. It was performed in remembrance of Mahatma Gandhi&apos;s words. It is India&apos;s biggest ever cleanliness drive and 3 million government employees and school and college students of India participated in this event.
We had begun our journey from 1978 when Health for all by 2000AD were established to address prevailing health situation of that time. We have seen indicators of health for all . We have also gone through the progress made by South East region including our country towards health for all. After that in Sepetember 2000 Millenium Development Goal were launched and as a result of work done towards achieving MDG
no. of people living below poverty line has dropped by half
No. of kids not in the school has been dropped by half
People receiving HIV treatment increased by 50 times
Child mortality down almost by half
But still….
Over 800 million people living on less than a dollar and and 25 cents a day, So we know we have more work to do
One in 9 people on our planet sleeps hungry each night, we know we have more work to do
World wide, 6 million children still die before their 5th birth day.. We know we have much much more work to do….
It was the day of 24 September 2015 – World leaders, heads of global financial institutions and other dignitaries were heading to New York, where, after months of intense negotiations, the United Nations was set to launch a landmark new framework for sustainable development that would aim to end poverty and build a life of dignity for all, leaving no one behind.
the UN Headquarters complex was lit up one night with colourful, massive projections of the new Sustainable Development Goals for all to see.
this next chapter of development must focus not simply on the dollars we spend, but on the results that we achieve. And this demands new technologies and approaches, accountability, data, behavioral science -- understanding that there’s lessons that we have learned, best practices on how people actually live so that we can dramatically improve outcomes. It means breaking cycles of dependence by helping people become more self-sufficient -- not just giving people fish, but teaching them how to fish. That&apos;s the purpose of development.
Rather than just sending food during famine -- although we have to do that to avert starvation -- we also have to bring new techniques and new seeds and new technologies to more farmers so they can boost their yields ,feed more people and lift countless millions out of poverty. Rather than just respond to outbreaks like Ebola -- although we have to do that, and we have -- let’s also strengthen public health systems and advance global health security to prevent epidemics in the first instance
In this SDG summit, pop star Shakira and footballer David Beckham, both Goodwill Ambassadors of the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), have made appearances to preview the importance of these Global Goals:
The UN’s top development officials are keenly focused and enthusiastically preparing for the moment Friday afternoon when the Organization’s 193 Member States formally adopt the new framework, Transforming Our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development , composed of 17 goals and 169 targets more than 300 indicators to wipe out poverty, fight inequality and tackle climate over the next 15 years.
This SDGs came into force on On 1 January 2016,
View of UN headquarters complex, venue of the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015
Ahead of the UN Sustainable Development Summit from 25-27 September, and to mark the 70th anniversary of the United Nations, a 10-minute film introducing the Sustainable Development Goals was projected onto UN Headquarters. UN Photo/Cia Pak
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon described the agenda as “a clarion call” to “share prosperity, empower people’s livelihoods, ensure peace and heal our planet for the benefit of this and future generations”
Mr. Ban further stressed that the Agenda focuses on growth and decent employment, while .ensuring the preservation of the planet.... and the fight against climate change, taking into account the complexity and interconnected nature of today’s most vexing challenges.
4.At UN, Iran&apos;s President Rouhani calls for investigation into Hajj stamped
3. Pope Francis addresses attendees in the opening ceremony to commence a plenary meeting of the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015 at the United Nations headquarters in Manhattan, New York September 25, 2015
Our prime minister Respected Narendra Modi addressing the UN summit said that sustainable development would not be possible in presence of poverty in the world and so poverty eliminination is our noble responsibility. He said that a great Indian thinker Pandit Din Dayal Upadhyay’s centerpoint of his work is welfare of poors.. And It is a happy co incidence that India is preparing to celebrate Pandit Din Dayal Upadhyay’s 100 birth annviversary and at the same time UN’s 2030 agenda has been launched in which poverty eliminination is at top
The SDGs build on the success of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and aim to go further to end all forms of poverty. The new Goals are unique in that they call for action by all countries, poor, rich and middle-income to promote prosperity while protecting the planet.
They recognize that ending poverty must go hand-in-hand with strategies that build economic growth and addresses a range of social needs including education, health, social protection, and job opportunities, while tackling climate change and environmental protection.
The Goals and targets will stimulate action over the next 15 years in areas of critical importance:
While the SDGs are not legally binding, governments are expected to take ownership and establish national frameworks for the achievement of the 17 Goals. Countries have the primary responsibility for follow-up and review of the progress made in implementing the Goals, which will require quality, accessible and timely data collection. Regional follow-up and review will be based on national-level analyses and contribute to follow-up and review at the global level.
Poverty is more than the lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood. Its manifestations include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to education and other basic services, social discrimination and exclusion as well as the lack of participation in decision-making. Economic growth must be inclusive to provide sustainable jobs and promote equality.
t is time to rethink how we grow, share and consume our food.
If done right, agriculture, forestry and fisheries can provide nutritious food for all and generate decent incomes,
Right now, our soils, freshwater, oceans, forests and biodiversity are being rapidly degraded. Climate change is putting even more pressure on the resources we depend on...
by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants,
including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age,
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages is essential to sustainable development. Significant strides have been made in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of the common killers associated with child and maternal mortality. Major progress has been made on increasing access to clean water and sanitation, reducing malaria, tuberculosis, polio and the spread of HIV/AIDS. However, many more efforts are needed to fully eradicate a wide range of diseases and address many different persistent and emerging health issues.
Obtaining a quality education is the foundation for improving people’s lives and sustainable development. Major progress has been made towards increasing access to education at all levels and increasing enrolment rates in schools particularly for women and girls. Basic literacy skills have improved tremendously, yet bolder efforts are needed to make even greater strides for achieving universal education goals..
More than half of children that have not enrolled in school live in sub-Saharan Africa
An estimated 50 per cent of out-of-school children of primary school age live in conflict-affected areas
While the world has achieved progress towards gender equality and women’s empowerment under the Millennium Development Goals (including equal access to primary education between girls and boys), women and girls continue to suffer discrimination and violence in every part of the world.
Mr. Barak Obama in his UN SDG summit speech said that Development is threatened by old attitudes, especially those that deny rights and opportunity to women. In too many places, girls are less likely to be in school than boys. Globally, women are less likely to have a job than men and are more likely to live in poverty. one of the best indicators of whether a country will succeed is how it treats its women. (Applause.) When women have an education, when women have a job, their children are more likely to get an education, their families are healthier and more prosperous. Their communities and countries do better, as well. So every nation -- all of our nations -- must invest in the education and health and skills of our women and girls.
Clean, accessible water for all is an essential part of the world we want to live in. There is sufficient fresh water on the planet to achieve this. But due to bad economics or poor infrastructure, every year millions of people, most of them children, die from diseases associated with inadequate water supply, sanitation and hygiene. We recently read in news paper abt water problem....sweet water drainage from well.
Energy is central to nearly every major challenge and opportunity the world faces today. Be it for jobs, security, climate change, food production or increasing incomes, access to energy for all is essential.
Sustainable energy is opportunity – it transforms lives, economies and the planet.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon is leading a Sustainable Energy for All initiative to ensure universal access to modern energy services, improve efficiency and increase use of renewable sources.
One in five people still lacks access to modern electricity
Nearly 800 million people live below the US$1.25 poverty line and that
slavery : a condition of having to work very hard without proper remuneration or appreciation.
resilient able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions.
The international community has made significant strides towards lifting people out of poverty. However, inequality still persists and large disparities remain in access to health and education services and other assets.
Income inequality cannot be effectively tackled unless the underlying inequality of opportunities is addressed
catastrophic health expenditures: Out-of-pocket payments for health can cause households to incurcatastrophic expenditures, which in turn can push them into poverty.
Cities are hubs for ideas, commerce, culture, science, productivity, social development and much more. At their best, cities have enabled people to advance socially and economically.
However, many challenges exist to maintaining cities in a way that continues to create jobs and prosperity while not straining land and resources. Common urban challenges include congestion, lack of funds to provide basic services, a shortage of adequate housing and declining infrastructure.
Sustainable consumption and production is about promoting resource and energy efficiency, sustainable infrastructure, and providing access to basic services, green and decent jobs and a better quality of life for all.
People are experiencing the significant impacts of climate change, which include changing weather patterns, rising sea level, and more extreme weather events. The greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are driving climate change and continue to rise. They are now at their highest levels in history. Without action, the world’s average surface temperature is projected to rise over the 21st century and is likely to surpass 3 degrees Celsius this century
Maize, wheat and other major crops have experienced significant yield reductions at the global level of 40 megatonnes per year between 1981 and 2002 due to a warmer climate.
Maize, wheat and other major crops have experienced significant yield reductions at the global level of 40 megatonnes per year between 1981 and 2002 due to a warmer climate.
The world’s oceans – their temperature, chemistry, currents and life – drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind.
Our rainwater, drinking water, weather, climate, coastlines, much of our food, and even the oxygen in the air we breathe, are all ultimately provided and regulated by the sea. Throughout history, oceans and seas have been vital conduits for trade and transportation.
Forests cover 30 per cent of the Earth’s surface and in addition to providing food security and shelter, forests are key to combating climate change, protecting biodiversity and the homes of the indigenous population. Thirteen million hectares of forests are being lost every year while the persistent degradation of drylands has led to the desertification of 3.6 billion hectares.
Deforestation and desertification – caused by human activities and climate change – pose major challenges to sustainable development and have affected the lives and livelihoods of millions of people in the fight against poverty.
among the institutions most affected by corruption are the judiciary and police
bribe: to try to make someone do something for you by giving them money, presents, or something…
among the institutions most affected by corruption are the judiciary and police
A successful sustainable development agenda requires partnerships between governments, the private sector and civil society. These inclusive partnerships built upon principles and values, a shared vision, and shared goals that place people and the planet at the centre, are needed at the global, regional, national and local level.

Health in international development agenda_Health for all to SDG

You are reading a preview.

Check these out next

Health in international development agenda_Health for all to SDG

More Related Content

Slideshows for you (20)

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Health in international development agenda_Health for all to SDG (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Health in international development agenda_Health for all to SDG

Editor's Notes