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Best practices
on social media communication
for political figures la parties
Gianni Florido e and
Provincia di Taranto
How to build a team, choose the tools,
adopt good practices and get ready to daily work
 Strategia di comunicazione
Bruxelles, 10-12 may 2012
Pes activist ‘Train the Trainers’ event


Dino Amenduni, Proforma, Italy
Who is speaking?

My name is Dino Amenduni
(electronic business card)


I am the new media team leader and advisor for
political communication at Proforma, a
communication agency in Bari, my hometown,
where I studied and live and work

I am a blogger on Fatto Quotidiano, national daily
newspaper (link) and among the founders of
Quink, a collective of satire and media-activism(
www.quink.it)
Preliminary remarks
Why invest in social media?
Why invest in social media?
More and more politicians use social media for their electoral campaigns
and official communication


You go online because it is trendy or because politicians sense the
potentialities of a tool that can make them (partially) independent
from the logic of traditional media or even because you hope to be
able to influence the political agenda by means of well-designed
communication strategies


More simply, you engage in social media for pleasure, or interest,
regardless of electoral campaigns. Usually, these are the most
appreciated profiles
Why invest in social media?
More on social media, electoral campaigns can be won or lost. A
wrong act of communication during a TV face-off (or on any traditional
communication means) can be turned into a large mobilization through
word of mouth (positive or negative) spontaneously originated on the
Internet and spread without the help of the staff of the candidate or of
the party


Those candidates who apply to the social media the same strategies as
the ones used by traditional communication media are doomed to fail


The Web is paramount when you make mistakes more than when you
interact successfully. It is vital to make no mistake and to magnify the
others’ mistakes
Why invest in social media?
Many prominent politicians already have a profile on Facebook and
Twitter. We cannot say the same for local candidates or for the
federations of local parties


We have to ask them to make an effort: it is important to show the
potentialities of team work, also because the level of aggressiveness of
“second lines” is very likely to increase during elections, and along with
that, the complexity of the dynamics relevant to the building up of
online public opinion
Why invest in social media?
Those politicians who are web-sceptical must be told very clearly that if
you do not use the Internet, you will end up putting up with it: it is
not necessary for someone to communicate online to make people talk
about them. Moreover, word of mouth can be both positive and
negative, the only difference being that if you are not online, not
“present” on the Web, you cannot influence communication there.
For all the above reasons, nowadays it is inevitable to be on the Internet


Whatever the reason why a politician uses Facebook, Youtube, Twitter
and all the other social media, he cannot confine himself to just being
spontaneous or experimental. This is true according to what it has been
said so far: if everybody is online, you must do more and better to
stand out
A. Organization
              Step one:
building up a work team
Building up a work team
Managing the web communication of a political figure requires the same
effort as the one necessary to set up a press office or a team which
deals with media planning and event planning


It is therefore impossible and sometimes harmful to entrust the whole
bulk of the work to a single person, whereas at the same time a single
coordinator can manage all the “2.0” profiles both on the content level
and in terms of political strategy


Therefore, we need to single out a person who is a reference point for
this macro-area
Building up a work team
Managing the web communication of a political figure requires the same
effort as the one necessary to set up a press office or a team which
deals with media planning and event planning


It is therefore impossible and sometimes harmful to entrust the whole
bulk of the work to a single person, whereas at the same time a single
coordinator can manage all the “2.0” profiles both on the content level
and in terms of political strategy


Therefore, we need to single out a person who is a reference point for
this macro-area
Building up a work team
We think that any electoral campaign staff must include a strategic
coordinator for online communication (who can also act, in case of
candidates with a limited budget or no budget at all), whose objectives
and tasks are as follows:
a. understanding the overall strategic indications of the

campaign: strategy, positioning, key words, opponent’s behavior,
monitoring the content production;
b. having talks with the various area coordinators so that the
strategy becomes homogeneous (the so called “control room” made up
by the politician, his staff, the political secretaries of his coalition and
by their communication experts);
c. passing on the strategic information to his work group
Building up a work team
The editorial staff will not be able to know nor will necessarily have to
know every detail of the strategy nor will have to be expert in politics. It
is more important that the social media staff is made up by people
who have communicative and creative skills rather than by political
tactics experts


Therefore, the coordinator has to compensate for the possible lack of
political vision and, in a certain way, to protect his staff so that they
can work well and usefully, only focusing on the technical/creative
components of their role
Building up a work team
In order to support the coordinator / person responsible for new media
it is highly recommended to rotate experts who will deal with the “raw”
creation of contents:



1. Videomaker: He must be able to record and video edit the
public speeches of the politician (public initiatives, interviews) and
recordings of TV appearances (debates, news broadcast, talk shows). He
must be able to follow the politician in any of his public activity, even
imprompt (for example, a dialogue with a citizen in a bar) and, at the
same time, be in a position to capture the opponents’ behavior (or their
staff’s or the behavior of their political area) that can bring consensus to
the politician and to his party
Building up a work team
1. Videomaker

He also has to deal with possible format specifically designed for the
    Web. This task will depend on the strategic evaluation based on the
    staff structure, on the will to invest time and resources on online
    communication during elections, on the feedback originated by our
    intervention and, in general, by the citizens’ reaction to the
    scientific impact of communication
The videomaker does not need to have political competence,
    particularly if he works in tandem with the editorial staff who will
    suggest the video editing strategies and the video upload on
    Youtube.
At any rate, a staff who is politically competent is always helpful in
    making decisions and is highly recommended
Building up a work team
2. Photographer

He can be the same person as the videomaker or another member of the
    staff (for example his spokesperson/press agent). He has to give
    evidence of the politician’s public appearances (not necessarily in
    connection with electoral actions - they can be convivial situations
    with friends, colleagues, family), of official meetings, events,
    places closely linked to the themes of his electoral campaign. We
    suggest opening a Flickr channel (www.flickr.com), which is a
    social network dedicated to photo publishing. With an annual $25
    subscription fee you can upload an unlimited number of high quality
    pictures; this becomes another useful tool for successful 2.0
    communication and, at the same time, a practical and cheap
    archive
Building up a work team
3. Webmaster

He must be able to design a web site, update it and manage its content.
    If possible, he must be able to design Facebook applications


These tools can greatly foster the content distribution, especially if
    they are associated to “lighter” or playful elements which make
    complex topics and themes simpler. These can be videogames,
    quizzes, prizes, creativity contests or generative interfaces of the
    electoral campaign. A classical example of “generative

    communicative politics”, based on the creativity of
    users/voters, is the creation of automatic generators of posters,
    both for spreading one’s communication campaign and for
    denouncing one’s opponents’ contradictions
Building up a work team
3. Webmaster

Generative campaigns, particularly if satirical and oriented to attacking
    the opponent, are much more effective when they are “open”,
    that is promoted by autonomous citizens and not developed
    according to our directions which, obviously being partisan, could
    be perceived as less credible and genuine


The applications can also be used for specific awareness campaigns or
    petitions; the playful aspect can be more easily emphasized
    during electoral meetings and situations than during the daily
    official/political communication activity
A. Organization
         Step two:
  choosing the tools
Choosing the tools
The internet site has to be suited to the communicative needs of the
    period. The user should be able to easily find the politician’s view
    on topical themes and on his political fights, biography,
    programme, communication literature, interests, photos and videos
    uploaded on the social network, the voice of his supporters and of
    the activists of his electoral committee


As a matter of fact, the site can be useful to attract volunteers who
    support the politician’s petitions
Choosing the tools
Volunteers

The internet site has to be suited to the communicative needs of the
    period. The user should be able to easily find the politician’s view
    on topical themes and on his political fights, biography,
    programme, communication literature, interests, photos and videos
    uploaded on the social network, the voice of his supporters and of
    the activists of his electoral committee


As a matter of fact, the site can be useful to attract volunteers who
    support the politician’s petitions
Choosing the tools
Volunteers

This recruiting phase is of paramount importance in case of elections


The volunteers can be both party activists and ordinary citizens willing
to support the electoral campaign. This spontaneous energy should not
be dispersed, on the contrary, it should be turned into action. If a
person only has an hour a week to offer for volunteer work, we should
not thwart him but invent activities he can carry on during that time.
A group of spontaneous supporters can even submit contents taken from
the Internet as topics for discussion and food for thought; they can even
make the staff’s workload lighter
Choosing the tools
Volunteers

Work to create a valuable network of supports should start as early as
    possible since we have to consider (with a bit of cynicism) that a
    human resource working in our favour is one less in support of
    our opponents, both inner and external, which is crucial dynamics
    in case of Primary elections
Volunteers cannot be bought nor co-opted, they are not at everybody’s
    disposal: they are the basis for the future of any politician, both
    as far as building up consensus is concerned and for cooperating
    with associations and interacting with locals. For this reason, great
    care should be taken in the “blog” section within the site, with
    original and sometimes informal content
Choosing the tools
The tools to be used on social media should be chosen knowledgeably
    and self-evaluating the team management skills. If the staff is
    limited and therefore a great amount of contents cannot be
    generated, it is worth taking care of few tools but in a scientific
    way. A minimal but sufficient kit for making our presence on social
    network well perceived consists of the following:



• Facebook page
• Twitter profile
• Youtube channel
Choosing the tools
Facebook page

This is the only institutional communication tool suggested for a
    politician’s or a party communication. The advantages of a
    fanpage for a public figure are undeniable. First of all, if a political
    figure already has a private profile and has no intention of
    interacting with his real friends on Facebook, he can move his
    profile to a “page”, without losing any friend (they would become
    “fans” of the page) and without the need to recover previous well-
    established contacts
Unlike the personal profile, a fanpage can be administered by more
    people simultaneously. The names of the administrators remain
    unknown; there is no 5000-friend-limit, as is the case with a
    personal profile
Choosing the tools
Facebook page

A Facebook user can become a “fan” of the politician without the
    need for the politician’s consent; this greatly simplifies the
    administrators’ task in handling the relation. The remaining
    functions of the fanpage are the same as a personal profile,
    including the status update function


Moreover, connections between other pages can be established: through
    a managing system independent from the administrators’ identity
    (switching) the management interface can be modified at any time
    and can enable the politician, through the fanpage, to directly
    interact within the “walls” of other pages
Choosing the tools
Facebook page

Worries regarding the change of strategy or the change from Facebook
    profile to Facebook fanpage can be reduced and turned into
    opportunities by means of aimed classified ads on Facebook that
    can be of interest only to the citizens residing in the city where
    elections take place
The regular use of this tool, through communication campaigns initially
    aimed at making fans subscribe to the fanpage and afterwards at
    getting them involved in the campaign activities, is by far cheaper
    than printing press releases and using traditional methods
Moreover, any staff can buy classified ads which will only be seen by
    fans of the opponents’ fanpage in order to take away consensus
Choosing the tools
Twitter page

Twitter is an extraordinary tool for monitoring the international
    information system, besides being an agile and ideal interface for
    creating fast and multimedia information. “Tweets” are short texts
    containing 140 letters, where you can add external links. Its
    peculiarity, as compared to Facebook, consists in the possibility to
    produce and use contents which are already classified by topic,
    organized by hashtag (#), a code that, written before the keyword,
    classifies the information


Twitter allows the search for contents by means of a keyword through
    its search engine also to non members
Choosing the tools
Twitter page

Handling a Twitter profile is very handy for two reasons. The first is
    connected to the opportunity for automatically updating one’s
    profile through a minimum handling of the Facebook fanpage
    (without any integration effort). In order to do so, it is sufficient to
    create a Twitter profile and then go to www.facebook.com/twitter
    to connect the two accounts
The second reason is relevant to a greater presence on the Web
    achieved with no effort. A user can find a politician or a party
    navigating Twitter and afterwards going back to the other tools. As
    an extra tip we suggest that you check the contacts “following” the
    politician or the party on Twitter
Choosing the tools
Twitter page

The minimum approach is also advised against: the number of political
    figures who personally update contents has increased so much that
    citizens are used to expect the same behavior by anybody


A fair compromise could be some updates written by him in the first
    person, by means of his personal computer, or smartphone or
    tablet, and some published by his staff, who clearly sign the tweets
    in order to avoid blunders or misunderstanding with the public. If
    managing Twitter personally and monitoring information is too much
    for you there are some free tools, like Tweetdeck and Hootsuite
    which allow to receive chosen communication flows always
    controlled and updated
Choosing the tools
Youtube channel

In the web 2.0 world, videos probably are the most effective media.
    For this reason, a Youtube channel is indispensable. It can be
    opened not only by leading politicians or parties but also by activists
    and younger political figures, even though they do not have their
    own content production or they do not frequently appear on the
    media. On this space, you can upload unpublished videos concerning
    the day by day activities in an electoral committee or around the
    city, or excerpts from other sources, in particular clips from TV
    programmes and news broadcast. The ratio between costs (no cost
    for using the tool, very limited amount for human resources) and
    benefits is definitely favourable
Choosing the tools
Youtube channel

Possible “formats” and thematic daily programmes can be added to the
    activity at full capacity; they will be chosen and assessed according
    to the strategy analysis and to the short, medium and long term
    communication objectives


Candidates can already be present on Youtube without their
    knowledge, through videos uploaded by other users and,
    consequently, uncontrolled by their staff: therefore, this is one
    more reason for emphasizing one’s presence on this popular
    platform
B. Organization
           Step three:
adopting good practices
Good practices #1

      Publish contents constantly and frequently

On the Internet you should keep attention always alive. A politician’s
    spaces on the Web correspond to a personal communication means


Therefore, if you do not communicate, it means you have nothing to
    say. If you have no personal contents to publish, share contents
    produced by others, for example by other candidates and local
    political representatives
Good practices #2
     Do not publish political contents exclusively


People want to get to know and talk to the person, not only to the
    politician or the administrator. Sharing a passion, a hobby or even
    a weakness can generate consensus. However, this should not lead
    to a radical change in communicating strategy nor to a fake
    spontaneity: the person who decides to use social media for
    communication, should stick to his usual communication style mode.
    Every politician should try to show his human side without falling off
    trying to achieve an exaggerated familiarity of relationship,
    especially if in his political and public life he is a detached person,
    not incline to an open dialogue with voters
Good practices #3
                        Use the tag tool


Tagging a person means to associate him to some content. Facebook has
    highly increased this procedure thus allowing a person or a page
    administrator to tag personal profiles, groups and different fanpages
    when publishing content or a status update. Tagging some content
    has a twofold advantage: it allows including the tagged people or
    groups within the community created around the political figure
    and including oneself in the tagged community, thus multiplying
    the number of content readers. For this reason it is paramount for
    the person responsible for the fanpage administration to subscribe
    to profiles, groups and pages connected to the electoral campaign
Good practices #4
                  Handle two feedback flows


One from Facebook to the candidates to their staff, for criticism,
    questions or issues emerging during the local political debate or
    having to do with critical aspects of the politician’s public profile.
    The other from the politician to Facebook, answering the greatest
    possible number of people. This constant monitoring has two
    advantages: the former consists in anticipating political timing and
    in adjusting the strategy “in progress”; the latter consists in the
    creation of a link on the profiles, pages or groups with which
    interaction has been established. This strategy should be adopted
    with great care also in the phases of monitoring one’s opponent
Good practices #5
           Avoid censorship or official criticism


If the community supporting the party or the political figure is sound
    and reliable, the users will stigmatize lamentable behavior
    themselves, also through reporting improper behavior to Facebook.
    The same can be applied to the candidate councilors and to smaller
    communities. For the above reasons, we believe that the attitude to
    show towards fake profiles, “fakes” (those who offend the
    politician) should never be one of total rejection and refusal of
    dialogue. The politician who is criticized should try and be open to
    the dialogue and confrontation with those who are hostile to him;
    he could even exploit the fake to attack his opponent
Good practices #6
           Foster the greatest possible number
                  of networking mechanism


With big voters, stakeholders, other political figures, inner and external
    competitors and with their supporters. There are no other equally
    effective ways to encourage consensus in real time


From this point of view, Facebook is a vital tool and a key resource
    allowing original content to be spread online
Good practices #7
            Make all contents and information
             on the political activity available

From posters to leaflets, from policy documents to press releases, from
    thematic campaigns to local ones, each supporter should be put in
    the condition to be able to autonomously manage the political
    and communicative support to the political figure and to the party,
    without complicating the process by means of control mechanism
    and approval “from the top”
Good practices #8
 Use Facebook and social networks as explicit tools
       of political communication on the traditional
                                   media

Referring to the links to Facebook, Twitter and Youtube on posters, by
    quoting one’s own and the supporters’ contributions during TV
    appearances. The last step is crucial, particularly during a possible
    live streaming of events of enormous media relevance. These
    moments of visibility should be taken advantage of for creating a
    positive circle between mass media exposure and possibility to
    control the social media incoming communication flow
online communication of offline event -> mentioning offline what
B. Organization
                     Step four:
how to get ready for daily fight
 Advice on content compilation
                    and editing
Get ready for daily work #1
       Build one or more flows of personal story



Contents should follow one other, comply with highly topical issues
    whenever possible, move upwards and turn to local, regional,
    national and international issues – if there is real competence in
    these matters – or move downwards and deal with people’s feelings
    and emotions when the politician has shown genuine empathy with
    these contexts
Get ready for daily work #2
                       Tell everything live

The best way to communicate on social media is by using them like
    everybody else. As we update our status by telling events in our
    life, uploading pictures of a party or of a place that has deeply
    moved us, we have to administer a politician’s or a party’s
    Facebook page. More and more frequently, a politician is chosen as
    a person. If a person is not on the same wavelength as we, if he
    does not express humanity and empathy, his political project will
    not suffice to convince us. That is why it is important for a
    candidate’s official and non official daily steps to be followed and
    shared. The quality of the contents generated is not as important
    as the timing chosen to propose them
Get ready for daily work #3
                         Rotate contents

Routine must be avoided on social media. Contents should rotate
    according to both type and communicative style. In this case, too, a
    sensible rule should be put into practice. The page should be
    updated every 60-120 minutes: you can add a status update
    concerning an event, then a newspaper article, then a photo of past
    days, then a link to a policy proposal, then a Youtube video of one’s
    own channel, then a sport status update, then a newspaper article
    on fashion and so on (the above topics are just examples). You
    should propose a variety of topics following well recognizable
    logical and narrative threads assuring the tool coherence without
    sacrificing the variety of proposed topics
Get ready for daily work #4
                          Edit contents

A successful action on social media may depend on 30 more seconds
    of work. We can customize each Facebook content in title and
    description (box beneath the title). Moreover, a comment can be
    added to each content, as well as an external link. An extremely
    precise editing work is perhaps even more crucial with Youtube,
    where title and descriptions are the first elements observed by
    users and that can be vital in convincing them to watch the video or
    not. We should consider that they will be shared by people who are
    very far from us within the networking. A screenshot can be
    decisive for the widespread of contents
Get ready for daily work #5
                         Think of scoops


In 2008 President Obama communicated the name of his vice president
    candidate to his newsletter subscribers via sms. The news was sent
    to the press only afterwards. He did so in order to make his
    community feel part of his political and life process. We should
    embrace the following principle: although the relation with
    traditional media is crucial, it is the people who have to take action
    to collect votes and therefore it is them who are our target
    audience. Our choice of the contents to circulate on social media
    should favour all that can be shared first with users and afterwards
    with the press. Top politicians should insist more on this aspect,
    mainly to steer and adjust relations
Get ready for daily work #6
     Allow new and older media to communicate


All the politicians’ speeches on traditional media must become web
    contents. If there is a TV appearance, this should be turned into a
    Youtube video; if there is a radio talk, this audio contribution
    should be uploaded and shared. In social media there is no waste
    material. Transition from old to new media only requires editorial
    work. The opposite transition, much more fascinating, is becoming
    the standard. Very often local media yearn for stories to tell.
    Furthermore, social media allow to test video contents before
    they become “official”. If the best video produced during a
    campaign (in terms of viewing and feedback) was created by a user,
    why cannot it become official?
Get ready for daily work #7
                        Address “niches”


A virtual community supporting a political figure is made up of various
    experiences and tiny niches of public. We can nearly simultaneously
    address environmentalists, architects, city centre dwellers, traders,
    sports people, gays, friends of the politician, friends of his
    opponents’ (just to give some examples). For this reason, an effort
    should be made to take the opportunity to say something to each
    of these groups, according to a specific request or a topical issue.
    Feedback management is the key to communication success on
    social media. Giving everybody feedback means paying attention to
    everybody’s interests and be trustworthy as a political figure
Get ready for daily work #8
             Communicate when people are there


A brilliant status update is lost if published in the dead of night because
    nobody is online to share it in real time and create a snowball
    effect


This is the reason why a daily schedule should be made out covering the
    contents to be shared: it would allow to manage all the material
    and to publish the best contents when the potential public is most
    responsive
Get ready for daily work #9
     Be flexible about timing in critical moments


If some content causes criticism and controversy, it may be
    acceptable to propose some different “food for thought” (without
    waiting for the scheduled publication timing) which could distract
    fanpage fans and push them into positive action again. This rule
    can be applied in reverse when a communicative item has been
    particularly successful. If an update excites supporters, it is worth
    highlighting it for as longer time, unless there is the need to upload
    many more fresh contents. If there is an event to follow live,
    timing cannot be adhered to. It is paramount to give fast updates
    and say the essential things
To conclude
Five good ideas for those who
  comunicate on social media
Good idea #1



                 Tell the truth.
(this is enough, you could do without the other four things)
Good idea #2


Always remember that
whatever you do on the
    web is public.
  (This is true also for those profiles with high privacy
restrictions. Say only the things you would be willing to
       repeat in front of an audience of strangers)
Good idea #3

    Don’t think that
communication strategies
are more important than
       contents.
( A stupid thing is a stupid thing: there can be no possible
       rhetoric, stylistic or communication device)
Good idea #4



Don’t talk only about
      yourself.
 (Whoever uses the first person singular,
     in the end bores the listener)
Good idea #5

   Don’t waste money on
 advertisement campaigns
if you don’t have anything
          to say.
 (There’s no point in attracting users to places where there
     is nothing interesting. They will flee away, maybe
stimulating a negative word-of-mouth. If you have money to
     spend, use it for writing, not for communication.)
To sum up
Social media will never win a
       campaign. A campaign
   cannot win without social
                      media.
               (Beth Becker)
A great hug
                                                                       Merci!

                            Dino Amenduni
               Social media bio: http://about.me/dinoamenduni
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/doonie (here you can find this slideshow)



                                Proforma
                      Site: http://www.proformaweb.it
              Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/proformaweb
               Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/proformaweb
               Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/proformaweb

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Best practices on social media communication for political figures and parties

  • 1. Best practices on social media communication for political figures la parties Gianni Florido e and Provincia di Taranto How to build a team, choose the tools, adopt good practices and get ready to daily work Strategia di comunicazione Bruxelles, 10-12 may 2012 Pes activist ‘Train the Trainers’ event Dino Amenduni, Proforma, Italy
  • 2. Who is speaking? My name is Dino Amenduni (electronic business card) I am the new media team leader and advisor for political communication at Proforma, a communication agency in Bari, my hometown, where I studied and live and work I am a blogger on Fatto Quotidiano, national daily newspaper (link) and among the founders of Quink, a collective of satire and media-activism( www.quink.it)
  • 4. Why invest in social media? More and more politicians use social media for their electoral campaigns and official communication You go online because it is trendy or because politicians sense the potentialities of a tool that can make them (partially) independent from the logic of traditional media or even because you hope to be able to influence the political agenda by means of well-designed communication strategies More simply, you engage in social media for pleasure, or interest, regardless of electoral campaigns. Usually, these are the most appreciated profiles
  • 5. Why invest in social media? More on social media, electoral campaigns can be won or lost. A wrong act of communication during a TV face-off (or on any traditional communication means) can be turned into a large mobilization through word of mouth (positive or negative) spontaneously originated on the Internet and spread without the help of the staff of the candidate or of the party Those candidates who apply to the social media the same strategies as the ones used by traditional communication media are doomed to fail The Web is paramount when you make mistakes more than when you interact successfully. It is vital to make no mistake and to magnify the others’ mistakes
  • 6. Why invest in social media? Many prominent politicians already have a profile on Facebook and Twitter. We cannot say the same for local candidates or for the federations of local parties We have to ask them to make an effort: it is important to show the potentialities of team work, also because the level of aggressiveness of “second lines” is very likely to increase during elections, and along with that, the complexity of the dynamics relevant to the building up of online public opinion
  • 7. Why invest in social media? Those politicians who are web-sceptical must be told very clearly that if you do not use the Internet, you will end up putting up with it: it is not necessary for someone to communicate online to make people talk about them. Moreover, word of mouth can be both positive and negative, the only difference being that if you are not online, not “present” on the Web, you cannot influence communication there. For all the above reasons, nowadays it is inevitable to be on the Internet Whatever the reason why a politician uses Facebook, Youtube, Twitter and all the other social media, he cannot confine himself to just being spontaneous or experimental. This is true according to what it has been said so far: if everybody is online, you must do more and better to stand out
  • 8. A. Organization Step one: building up a work team
  • 9. Building up a work team Managing the web communication of a political figure requires the same effort as the one necessary to set up a press office or a team which deals with media planning and event planning It is therefore impossible and sometimes harmful to entrust the whole bulk of the work to a single person, whereas at the same time a single coordinator can manage all the “2.0” profiles both on the content level and in terms of political strategy Therefore, we need to single out a person who is a reference point for this macro-area
  • 10. Building up a work team Managing the web communication of a political figure requires the same effort as the one necessary to set up a press office or a team which deals with media planning and event planning It is therefore impossible and sometimes harmful to entrust the whole bulk of the work to a single person, whereas at the same time a single coordinator can manage all the “2.0” profiles both on the content level and in terms of political strategy Therefore, we need to single out a person who is a reference point for this macro-area
  • 11. Building up a work team We think that any electoral campaign staff must include a strategic coordinator for online communication (who can also act, in case of candidates with a limited budget or no budget at all), whose objectives and tasks are as follows: a. understanding the overall strategic indications of the campaign: strategy, positioning, key words, opponent’s behavior, monitoring the content production; b. having talks with the various area coordinators so that the strategy becomes homogeneous (the so called “control room” made up by the politician, his staff, the political secretaries of his coalition and by their communication experts); c. passing on the strategic information to his work group
  • 12. Building up a work team The editorial staff will not be able to know nor will necessarily have to know every detail of the strategy nor will have to be expert in politics. It is more important that the social media staff is made up by people who have communicative and creative skills rather than by political tactics experts Therefore, the coordinator has to compensate for the possible lack of political vision and, in a certain way, to protect his staff so that they can work well and usefully, only focusing on the technical/creative components of their role
  • 13. Building up a work team In order to support the coordinator / person responsible for new media it is highly recommended to rotate experts who will deal with the “raw” creation of contents: 1. Videomaker: He must be able to record and video edit the public speeches of the politician (public initiatives, interviews) and recordings of TV appearances (debates, news broadcast, talk shows). He must be able to follow the politician in any of his public activity, even imprompt (for example, a dialogue with a citizen in a bar) and, at the same time, be in a position to capture the opponents’ behavior (or their staff’s or the behavior of their political area) that can bring consensus to the politician and to his party
  • 14. Building up a work team 1. Videomaker He also has to deal with possible format specifically designed for the Web. This task will depend on the strategic evaluation based on the staff structure, on the will to invest time and resources on online communication during elections, on the feedback originated by our intervention and, in general, by the citizens’ reaction to the scientific impact of communication The videomaker does not need to have political competence, particularly if he works in tandem with the editorial staff who will suggest the video editing strategies and the video upload on Youtube. At any rate, a staff who is politically competent is always helpful in making decisions and is highly recommended
  • 15. Building up a work team 2. Photographer He can be the same person as the videomaker or another member of the staff (for example his spokesperson/press agent). He has to give evidence of the politician’s public appearances (not necessarily in connection with electoral actions - they can be convivial situations with friends, colleagues, family), of official meetings, events, places closely linked to the themes of his electoral campaign. We suggest opening a Flickr channel (www.flickr.com), which is a social network dedicated to photo publishing. With an annual $25 subscription fee you can upload an unlimited number of high quality pictures; this becomes another useful tool for successful 2.0 communication and, at the same time, a practical and cheap archive
  • 16. Building up a work team 3. Webmaster He must be able to design a web site, update it and manage its content. If possible, he must be able to design Facebook applications These tools can greatly foster the content distribution, especially if they are associated to “lighter” or playful elements which make complex topics and themes simpler. These can be videogames, quizzes, prizes, creativity contests or generative interfaces of the electoral campaign. A classical example of “generative communicative politics”, based on the creativity of users/voters, is the creation of automatic generators of posters, both for spreading one’s communication campaign and for denouncing one’s opponents’ contradictions
  • 17. Building up a work team 3. Webmaster Generative campaigns, particularly if satirical and oriented to attacking the opponent, are much more effective when they are “open”, that is promoted by autonomous citizens and not developed according to our directions which, obviously being partisan, could be perceived as less credible and genuine The applications can also be used for specific awareness campaigns or petitions; the playful aspect can be more easily emphasized during electoral meetings and situations than during the daily official/political communication activity
  • 18. A. Organization Step two: choosing the tools
  • 19. Choosing the tools The internet site has to be suited to the communicative needs of the period. The user should be able to easily find the politician’s view on topical themes and on his political fights, biography, programme, communication literature, interests, photos and videos uploaded on the social network, the voice of his supporters and of the activists of his electoral committee As a matter of fact, the site can be useful to attract volunteers who support the politician’s petitions
  • 20. Choosing the tools Volunteers The internet site has to be suited to the communicative needs of the period. The user should be able to easily find the politician’s view on topical themes and on his political fights, biography, programme, communication literature, interests, photos and videos uploaded on the social network, the voice of his supporters and of the activists of his electoral committee As a matter of fact, the site can be useful to attract volunteers who support the politician’s petitions
  • 21. Choosing the tools Volunteers This recruiting phase is of paramount importance in case of elections The volunteers can be both party activists and ordinary citizens willing to support the electoral campaign. This spontaneous energy should not be dispersed, on the contrary, it should be turned into action. If a person only has an hour a week to offer for volunteer work, we should not thwart him but invent activities he can carry on during that time. A group of spontaneous supporters can even submit contents taken from the Internet as topics for discussion and food for thought; they can even make the staff’s workload lighter
  • 22. Choosing the tools Volunteers Work to create a valuable network of supports should start as early as possible since we have to consider (with a bit of cynicism) that a human resource working in our favour is one less in support of our opponents, both inner and external, which is crucial dynamics in case of Primary elections Volunteers cannot be bought nor co-opted, they are not at everybody’s disposal: they are the basis for the future of any politician, both as far as building up consensus is concerned and for cooperating with associations and interacting with locals. For this reason, great care should be taken in the “blog” section within the site, with original and sometimes informal content
  • 23. Choosing the tools The tools to be used on social media should be chosen knowledgeably and self-evaluating the team management skills. If the staff is limited and therefore a great amount of contents cannot be generated, it is worth taking care of few tools but in a scientific way. A minimal but sufficient kit for making our presence on social network well perceived consists of the following: • Facebook page • Twitter profile • Youtube channel
  • 24. Choosing the tools Facebook page This is the only institutional communication tool suggested for a politician’s or a party communication. The advantages of a fanpage for a public figure are undeniable. First of all, if a political figure already has a private profile and has no intention of interacting with his real friends on Facebook, he can move his profile to a “page”, without losing any friend (they would become “fans” of the page) and without the need to recover previous well- established contacts Unlike the personal profile, a fanpage can be administered by more people simultaneously. The names of the administrators remain unknown; there is no 5000-friend-limit, as is the case with a personal profile
  • 25. Choosing the tools Facebook page A Facebook user can become a “fan” of the politician without the need for the politician’s consent; this greatly simplifies the administrators’ task in handling the relation. The remaining functions of the fanpage are the same as a personal profile, including the status update function Moreover, connections between other pages can be established: through a managing system independent from the administrators’ identity (switching) the management interface can be modified at any time and can enable the politician, through the fanpage, to directly interact within the “walls” of other pages
  • 26. Choosing the tools Facebook page Worries regarding the change of strategy or the change from Facebook profile to Facebook fanpage can be reduced and turned into opportunities by means of aimed classified ads on Facebook that can be of interest only to the citizens residing in the city where elections take place The regular use of this tool, through communication campaigns initially aimed at making fans subscribe to the fanpage and afterwards at getting them involved in the campaign activities, is by far cheaper than printing press releases and using traditional methods Moreover, any staff can buy classified ads which will only be seen by fans of the opponents’ fanpage in order to take away consensus
  • 27. Choosing the tools Twitter page Twitter is an extraordinary tool for monitoring the international information system, besides being an agile and ideal interface for creating fast and multimedia information. “Tweets” are short texts containing 140 letters, where you can add external links. Its peculiarity, as compared to Facebook, consists in the possibility to produce and use contents which are already classified by topic, organized by hashtag (#), a code that, written before the keyword, classifies the information Twitter allows the search for contents by means of a keyword through its search engine also to non members
  • 28. Choosing the tools Twitter page Handling a Twitter profile is very handy for two reasons. The first is connected to the opportunity for automatically updating one’s profile through a minimum handling of the Facebook fanpage (without any integration effort). In order to do so, it is sufficient to create a Twitter profile and then go to www.facebook.com/twitter to connect the two accounts The second reason is relevant to a greater presence on the Web achieved with no effort. A user can find a politician or a party navigating Twitter and afterwards going back to the other tools. As an extra tip we suggest that you check the contacts “following” the politician or the party on Twitter
  • 29. Choosing the tools Twitter page The minimum approach is also advised against: the number of political figures who personally update contents has increased so much that citizens are used to expect the same behavior by anybody A fair compromise could be some updates written by him in the first person, by means of his personal computer, or smartphone or tablet, and some published by his staff, who clearly sign the tweets in order to avoid blunders or misunderstanding with the public. If managing Twitter personally and monitoring information is too much for you there are some free tools, like Tweetdeck and Hootsuite which allow to receive chosen communication flows always controlled and updated
  • 30. Choosing the tools Youtube channel In the web 2.0 world, videos probably are the most effective media. For this reason, a Youtube channel is indispensable. It can be opened not only by leading politicians or parties but also by activists and younger political figures, even though they do not have their own content production or they do not frequently appear on the media. On this space, you can upload unpublished videos concerning the day by day activities in an electoral committee or around the city, or excerpts from other sources, in particular clips from TV programmes and news broadcast. The ratio between costs (no cost for using the tool, very limited amount for human resources) and benefits is definitely favourable
  • 31. Choosing the tools Youtube channel Possible “formats” and thematic daily programmes can be added to the activity at full capacity; they will be chosen and assessed according to the strategy analysis and to the short, medium and long term communication objectives Candidates can already be present on Youtube without their knowledge, through videos uploaded by other users and, consequently, uncontrolled by their staff: therefore, this is one more reason for emphasizing one’s presence on this popular platform
  • 32. B. Organization Step three: adopting good practices
  • 33. Good practices #1 Publish contents constantly and frequently On the Internet you should keep attention always alive. A politician’s spaces on the Web correspond to a personal communication means Therefore, if you do not communicate, it means you have nothing to say. If you have no personal contents to publish, share contents produced by others, for example by other candidates and local political representatives
  • 34. Good practices #2 Do not publish political contents exclusively People want to get to know and talk to the person, not only to the politician or the administrator. Sharing a passion, a hobby or even a weakness can generate consensus. However, this should not lead to a radical change in communicating strategy nor to a fake spontaneity: the person who decides to use social media for communication, should stick to his usual communication style mode. Every politician should try to show his human side without falling off trying to achieve an exaggerated familiarity of relationship, especially if in his political and public life he is a detached person, not incline to an open dialogue with voters
  • 35. Good practices #3 Use the tag tool Tagging a person means to associate him to some content. Facebook has highly increased this procedure thus allowing a person or a page administrator to tag personal profiles, groups and different fanpages when publishing content or a status update. Tagging some content has a twofold advantage: it allows including the tagged people or groups within the community created around the political figure and including oneself in the tagged community, thus multiplying the number of content readers. For this reason it is paramount for the person responsible for the fanpage administration to subscribe to profiles, groups and pages connected to the electoral campaign
  • 36. Good practices #4 Handle two feedback flows One from Facebook to the candidates to their staff, for criticism, questions or issues emerging during the local political debate or having to do with critical aspects of the politician’s public profile. The other from the politician to Facebook, answering the greatest possible number of people. This constant monitoring has two advantages: the former consists in anticipating political timing and in adjusting the strategy “in progress”; the latter consists in the creation of a link on the profiles, pages or groups with which interaction has been established. This strategy should be adopted with great care also in the phases of monitoring one’s opponent
  • 37. Good practices #5 Avoid censorship or official criticism If the community supporting the party or the political figure is sound and reliable, the users will stigmatize lamentable behavior themselves, also through reporting improper behavior to Facebook. The same can be applied to the candidate councilors and to smaller communities. For the above reasons, we believe that the attitude to show towards fake profiles, “fakes” (those who offend the politician) should never be one of total rejection and refusal of dialogue. The politician who is criticized should try and be open to the dialogue and confrontation with those who are hostile to him; he could even exploit the fake to attack his opponent
  • 38. Good practices #6 Foster the greatest possible number of networking mechanism With big voters, stakeholders, other political figures, inner and external competitors and with their supporters. There are no other equally effective ways to encourage consensus in real time From this point of view, Facebook is a vital tool and a key resource allowing original content to be spread online
  • 39. Good practices #7 Make all contents and information on the political activity available From posters to leaflets, from policy documents to press releases, from thematic campaigns to local ones, each supporter should be put in the condition to be able to autonomously manage the political and communicative support to the political figure and to the party, without complicating the process by means of control mechanism and approval “from the top”
  • 40. Good practices #8 Use Facebook and social networks as explicit tools of political communication on the traditional media Referring to the links to Facebook, Twitter and Youtube on posters, by quoting one’s own and the supporters’ contributions during TV appearances. The last step is crucial, particularly during a possible live streaming of events of enormous media relevance. These moments of visibility should be taken advantage of for creating a positive circle between mass media exposure and possibility to control the social media incoming communication flow online communication of offline event -> mentioning offline what
  • 41. B. Organization Step four: how to get ready for daily fight Advice on content compilation and editing
  • 42. Get ready for daily work #1 Build one or more flows of personal story Contents should follow one other, comply with highly topical issues whenever possible, move upwards and turn to local, regional, national and international issues – if there is real competence in these matters – or move downwards and deal with people’s feelings and emotions when the politician has shown genuine empathy with these contexts
  • 43. Get ready for daily work #2 Tell everything live The best way to communicate on social media is by using them like everybody else. As we update our status by telling events in our life, uploading pictures of a party or of a place that has deeply moved us, we have to administer a politician’s or a party’s Facebook page. More and more frequently, a politician is chosen as a person. If a person is not on the same wavelength as we, if he does not express humanity and empathy, his political project will not suffice to convince us. That is why it is important for a candidate’s official and non official daily steps to be followed and shared. The quality of the contents generated is not as important as the timing chosen to propose them
  • 44. Get ready for daily work #3 Rotate contents Routine must be avoided on social media. Contents should rotate according to both type and communicative style. In this case, too, a sensible rule should be put into practice. The page should be updated every 60-120 minutes: you can add a status update concerning an event, then a newspaper article, then a photo of past days, then a link to a policy proposal, then a Youtube video of one’s own channel, then a sport status update, then a newspaper article on fashion and so on (the above topics are just examples). You should propose a variety of topics following well recognizable logical and narrative threads assuring the tool coherence without sacrificing the variety of proposed topics
  • 45. Get ready for daily work #4 Edit contents A successful action on social media may depend on 30 more seconds of work. We can customize each Facebook content in title and description (box beneath the title). Moreover, a comment can be added to each content, as well as an external link. An extremely precise editing work is perhaps even more crucial with Youtube, where title and descriptions are the first elements observed by users and that can be vital in convincing them to watch the video or not. We should consider that they will be shared by people who are very far from us within the networking. A screenshot can be decisive for the widespread of contents
  • 46. Get ready for daily work #5 Think of scoops In 2008 President Obama communicated the name of his vice president candidate to his newsletter subscribers via sms. The news was sent to the press only afterwards. He did so in order to make his community feel part of his political and life process. We should embrace the following principle: although the relation with traditional media is crucial, it is the people who have to take action to collect votes and therefore it is them who are our target audience. Our choice of the contents to circulate on social media should favour all that can be shared first with users and afterwards with the press. Top politicians should insist more on this aspect, mainly to steer and adjust relations
  • 47. Get ready for daily work #6 Allow new and older media to communicate All the politicians’ speeches on traditional media must become web contents. If there is a TV appearance, this should be turned into a Youtube video; if there is a radio talk, this audio contribution should be uploaded and shared. In social media there is no waste material. Transition from old to new media only requires editorial work. The opposite transition, much more fascinating, is becoming the standard. Very often local media yearn for stories to tell. Furthermore, social media allow to test video contents before they become “official”. If the best video produced during a campaign (in terms of viewing and feedback) was created by a user, why cannot it become official?
  • 48. Get ready for daily work #7 Address “niches” A virtual community supporting a political figure is made up of various experiences and tiny niches of public. We can nearly simultaneously address environmentalists, architects, city centre dwellers, traders, sports people, gays, friends of the politician, friends of his opponents’ (just to give some examples). For this reason, an effort should be made to take the opportunity to say something to each of these groups, according to a specific request or a topical issue. Feedback management is the key to communication success on social media. Giving everybody feedback means paying attention to everybody’s interests and be trustworthy as a political figure
  • 49. Get ready for daily work #8 Communicate when people are there A brilliant status update is lost if published in the dead of night because nobody is online to share it in real time and create a snowball effect This is the reason why a daily schedule should be made out covering the contents to be shared: it would allow to manage all the material and to publish the best contents when the potential public is most responsive
  • 50. Get ready for daily work #9 Be flexible about timing in critical moments If some content causes criticism and controversy, it may be acceptable to propose some different “food for thought” (without waiting for the scheduled publication timing) which could distract fanpage fans and push them into positive action again. This rule can be applied in reverse when a communicative item has been particularly successful. If an update excites supporters, it is worth highlighting it for as longer time, unless there is the need to upload many more fresh contents. If there is an event to follow live, timing cannot be adhered to. It is paramount to give fast updates and say the essential things
  • 51. To conclude Five good ideas for those who comunicate on social media
  • 52. Good idea #1 Tell the truth. (this is enough, you could do without the other four things)
  • 53. Good idea #2 Always remember that whatever you do on the web is public. (This is true also for those profiles with high privacy restrictions. Say only the things you would be willing to repeat in front of an audience of strangers)
  • 54. Good idea #3 Don’t think that communication strategies are more important than contents. ( A stupid thing is a stupid thing: there can be no possible rhetoric, stylistic or communication device)
  • 55. Good idea #4 Don’t talk only about yourself. (Whoever uses the first person singular, in the end bores the listener)
  • 56. Good idea #5 Don’t waste money on advertisement campaigns if you don’t have anything to say. (There’s no point in attracting users to places where there is nothing interesting. They will flee away, maybe stimulating a negative word-of-mouth. If you have money to spend, use it for writing, not for communication.)
  • 57. To sum up Social media will never win a campaign. A campaign cannot win without social media. (Beth Becker)
  • 58. A great hug Merci! Dino Amenduni Social media bio: http://about.me/dinoamenduni Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/doonie (here you can find this slideshow) Proforma Site: http://www.proformaweb.it Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/proformaweb Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/proformaweb Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/proformaweb