Indonesian Internet Censorship Report 2010 (updated ver.3)

ICT Watch - Indonesia (www.ictwatch.id)
ICT Watch - Indonesia (www.ictwatch.id)researcher, lecturer, activist at ICT Watch - Indonesia (www.ictwatch.id)
Indonesia “Internet Censorship” 
 Indonesia “Internet Censorship”
Brief Report for OpenNet Initiative 
    (ONI) Global Summit ‐ 2010

             Ottawa – Canada
             www.oni‐asia.net

           prepared and presented by 
             Donny B.U. / ICT Watch
                 29th J
                      June 2010
                           2010
           (updated at 29th July 2010)
          contact: dbu[at]donnybu.com
• 38 Million                : Indonesian Internet user (#5 Asia)
• 26 Million                                             (
                            : Indonesian Facebook user (#3 World))
• 4.6 Million               : Indonesian Twitter user (#1 Asia)


   1. Facebook.com
   2. Google.co.id
   3. Google.com
   4. Yahoo.com
   5. Blogger.com
          gg
   6. Kaskus.us
   7. YouTube.com
   8. Wordpress.com
   9. Detik.com
   10. 4shared.com
   11. Twitter.com
  Most accessed web from Indonesia          Profile of Indonesian Facebooker
                                            P fil f I d       i F b k
  Source: alexa.com                         Source: checkfacebook.com

                           Numbers & Profiles
twitter.com              facebook.com




wordpress.com             blogspot.com




  Trends of Social Media Accessed from Indonesia 
Formal letter from ICT Minister to ISPs Association,
                  Formal letter from ICT Minister to ISPs Association,
                  with ‘government official stamp’

2008: Gov Asked ISPs to Block Fitna
2008: Gov Asked ISPs to Block Fitna Movie
Formal letter from ICT Minister directly to ISPs,
                      Formal letter from ICT Minister directly to ISPs,
                      without ‘government official stamp’

2009: Gov Asked ISPs to Block The Prophet Cartoon
“for EDMD account at facebook: 1. we sent protest letter
                 for EDMD account at facebook:  1. we sent protest letter
                (to FB admin) and asked them to delete that account, 
                2. (spesific) url blocking (of EDMD at FB) via Indonesian 
                ISPs, 3. do cooperation with Indonesian Internet Kiosks 
                Association” (Tif t l S bi i I d
                A     i ti ” (Tifatul Sembiring, Indonesian ICT Minister via his 
                                                        i ICT Mi i t i hi
                twitter personal account)


                            No evidence of formal letter from ICT Minister to 
                            No evidence of formal letter from ICT Minister to
                            ISPs or association

May 2010: Gov Asked ISPs to Block EDMD Fan Page
May 2010: Gov Asked ISPs to Block EDMD Fan Page
W1 of June 2010 
2 private porn videos of 3 very‐well known 
2 i t           id      f3         ll k
Indonesian celebrities stolen and  suddenly 
leaked on the Internet,  covered by local mass 
l k d      th I t     t        db l l
media and became national issue!




                   Search trend of Ariel increased dramatically from Indonesia
                   Search trend  of “Ariel” increased dramatically from Indonesia



June 2010: Porn Content Became National Issue
Trending topics
                     on Twitter




                     Globally  known, even
                     by American porn star




CNN: ”Alleged celebrity sex tape shocks modest Indonesia”
NYT: ”Sex Tape Scandal Fixates Indonesia”
TIME: ”Sex Video Scandal and Indonesia's Porn Obsession”
                                                            Most read article at Time website


June 2010: Indonesian Porn Content Spread Widely
• President SBY: “We have increasingly realized that our 
            nation should not stay naked and be crushed by the 
                                 y                            y
            information technology frenzy, because there will be 
            many victims. The scandal highlighted the need for 
            further regulation of the Web. Other countries have 
            already have regulations on this (source: AFP, June 18
            already have regulations on this”. (source: AFP June 18th
             2010)
          • ICT Minister Tifatul Sembiring: “There will be a team to 
            observe whether a website contains points from the 
            blacklist. The team will assess whether such websites 
            truly contain pornographic material. If it does, we'll ask 
            the website to delete the points included in the list, but 
            we won t ban the whole website . (source: AFP, June 17
            we won't ban the whole website“. (source: AFP, June 17th
             2010)
          • PKS Party President Lufi Hasan: “To protect a 
            community, there must be control, we cannot have total 
            freedom. To create comfort and overcome negative 
            f d       T      t       f t d                        ti
            effects on communities who are not ready and not 
            supposed to consume certain material, then controls 
            are a very good idea“. (source: Reuters, June 15th 2010)
                     yg            (                               )


June 2010: Ind. Gov. Responded to the Situation
June 2010: Ind. Gov. Responded to the Situation
Tifatul Sembiring, Indonesian ICT Ministry:

• “All porn sites will be blocked before Ramadhan (fasting
   All porn sites will be blocked before Ramadhan (fasting 
  month – Ed.)” (Source: Jakarta Post, July 22nd, 2010)
• “The state is obliged to protect its citizens especially
   The state is obliged to protect its citizens, especially 
  children. I’m simply implementing the Constitution”
  (Source: Jakarta Globe, July 22nd, 2010)
• “I’ve asked all Internet service providers to filter porn 
  content by using anti‐porn software” (Source: NYTimes.com, 
  July 22nd, 2010)
  July 22 2010)

    July 2010: Gov Declared “War” to Porn Sites
    July 2010: Gov Declared “War” to Porn Sites
Formal circular letter from Director General 
                                                              ,
                            of Post and Telecommunication, on behalf of 
                            ICT Minister , directly to ISPs and NAPs

July 2010: Gov Asked ISP/NAPs to Block All Porn Sites
July 2010: Gov Asked ISP/NAPs to Block All Porn Sites
Ministry of ICT




 Indonesia ISPs Association                            Indonesia Internet Kiosks Association



                              Partnership



                                  License
150 active legal ISPs
150 active legal ISPs                                             2400 internet kiosks
                                                                  2400 internet kiosks
                                 Business

 Link of Gov to “Partners” for Content Censorship
Indonesia ISPs Association
                        maintains Indonesian 
                        Internet eXchange (IIX)


block:                                     4
xxx.com!
                                                     End user
                                                     End user

           1
                                                         3




                                                                1. Admin of IIX put “xxx.com“ 
                                   2                            on IIX‐system black list 
                                                                directly or to the “dedicated 
                                                                system” connected to IIX
                                                                 y
                                                                2. Blacklist info distributed to 
               Indonesian Internet eXchange                     the all ISPs‐system connected 
                                                                to IIX‐system.
                                                                3‐4. When end‐users try to 
                                                                access blacklisted URLs, the 
                                                                access blacklisted URLs the
                                                                pages will not show up.


   Censorship Method 1: ”Border Gateway Protocol”
Indonesia Internet Kiosks 
                                 Association maintains                 4
                                 Nawala “OpenDNS” Project

block:
xxx.com!

                                                                      Home/School PC
                                                                      H   /S h l PC
                                                                  2
                                                                                                3
                      1



                                                                                                    2
                                                              3


1. Admin of DNS put “xxx.com“ 
on the black list
2.  Anyone may freely use DNS                                                  3       Public PCs
Nawala as part of their “self‐
censorship” mechanism
3‐4. When end‐users try to 
access blacklisted URLs, the 
access blacklisted URLs the
pages will be blocked.


  Censorship Method 2: OpenDNS (“Nawala Project”)
• Name of the Ministerial Decree Draft: “Procedure for Handling 
  Complaints about Internet Content” (June 23th, 2010 draft version)
• C id
  Consideration: Electronic Information and Transaction Act (including: Online 
            i    El      i I f      i     dT        i A (i l di O li
  Defamation article), Anti Pornography Act, etc.
• Article 1 : Illegal content is Internet content that contrary/against 
  to the law
  to the law
• Article 3: For all content contained, transmitted, published, and / 
  or stored by the user, service provider must: 
    – perform report accepting, flagging, filtering (if mandated by committee)
         f                       fl       fl
    – makes “content  spesific” term of condition (TOC) of their services:
        • restrictions for users to load the content that prohibited according to this 
          ministerial decree (note: including online defamation!?)
          ministerial decree (note: including online defamation!?)
        • user must agrees that if it violates TOC, then the provider can close the access 
          (blocking) and / or delete the content (note: extra effort for provider!?)
        • provider allow to disclose user personal information to the law enforcer and / 
          or the minister if there are suspected to be unlawful acts related to the loading 
             th     i i t if th               t dt b      l f l t l t d t th l di
          of any content (note: privacy no more!?)
        • provider are prohibited from making use of the service rule which states that 
          the provider are not responsible for  the use of their services to load, 
          distributed, transmitted, causes to be accessible, and / or save the content. 
          di ib d              i d             b        ibl     d/           h
          (note: no more disclaimer!?)
    Draft of Ministerial Decree To Regulate Content
Online Defamation Article
• Any person who knowingly and without authority distribute
  Any person who knowingly and without authority distribute 
  and / or transmits and / or causes to be accessible electronic 
  information and / or electronic documents containing insults 
  and / or defamation:
       /
   – Maximum imprisonment of 6 years, and/or maximum penalty Rp 1 
     billion (USD 100,000)
   – Under Indonesian law the police can authorize pre‐trial detention 
                                  p                  p
     only where a person is suspected of committing a crime that carries 
     a penalty of at least five years’ imprisonment
   – Individuals accused of defamation under this article can be 
     detained, even in the absence of a trial for up to 50 days, provided 
     detained even in the absence of a trial for up to 50 days provided
     police investigators or prosecutors express / recommendation: 
     “concern that the suspect will get away, damage or destroy 
     evidence materials and/or repeat the criminal act”.
  “Online Defamation article is against freedom of expression, violating human rights as 
  well as killing civil and political rights. Defamation article potentially abused to protect 
  mood than reputation”. (according to 5 reputable Indonesian legal aid institutions)
                                                                   Article 27, Paragraph 3
     Electronic Information and Transaction Act
Internet Sehat Advocacy Postcard by ICT Watch
www.internetsehat.org
…/twitter
…/youtube
…/facebook
 /f   b k
…/flickr
 /flickr
…/rss
…/foursquare

     E‐mail: surel[at]ictwatch.com
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Indonesian Internet Censorship Report 2010 (updated ver.3)

  • 1. Indonesia “Internet Censorship”  Indonesia “Internet Censorship” Brief Report for OpenNet Initiative  (ONI) Global Summit ‐ 2010 Ottawa – Canada www.oni‐asia.net prepared and presented by  Donny B.U. / ICT Watch 29th J June 2010 2010 (updated at 29th July 2010) contact: dbu[at]donnybu.com
  • 2. • 38 Million : Indonesian Internet user (#5 Asia) • 26 Million ( : Indonesian Facebook user (#3 World)) • 4.6 Million : Indonesian Twitter user (#1 Asia) 1. Facebook.com 2. Google.co.id 3. Google.com 4. Yahoo.com 5. Blogger.com gg 6. Kaskus.us 7. YouTube.com 8. Wordpress.com 9. Detik.com 10. 4shared.com 11. Twitter.com Most accessed web from Indonesia Profile of Indonesian Facebooker P fil f I d i F b k Source: alexa.com Source: checkfacebook.com Numbers & Profiles
  • 3. twitter.com facebook.com wordpress.com blogspot.com Trends of Social Media Accessed from Indonesia 
  • 4. Formal letter from ICT Minister to ISPs Association, Formal letter from ICT Minister to ISPs Association, with ‘government official stamp’ 2008: Gov Asked ISPs to Block Fitna 2008: Gov Asked ISPs to Block Fitna Movie
  • 5. Formal letter from ICT Minister directly to ISPs, Formal letter from ICT Minister directly to ISPs, without ‘government official stamp’ 2009: Gov Asked ISPs to Block The Prophet Cartoon
  • 6. “for EDMD account at facebook: 1. we sent protest letter for EDMD account at facebook:  1. we sent protest letter (to FB admin) and asked them to delete that account,  2. (spesific) url blocking (of EDMD at FB) via Indonesian  ISPs, 3. do cooperation with Indonesian Internet Kiosks  Association” (Tif t l S bi i I d A i ti ” (Tifatul Sembiring, Indonesian ICT Minister via his  i ICT Mi i t i hi twitter personal account) No evidence of formal letter from ICT Minister to  No evidence of formal letter from ICT Minister to ISPs or association May 2010: Gov Asked ISPs to Block EDMD Fan Page May 2010: Gov Asked ISPs to Block EDMD Fan Page
  • 7. W1 of June 2010  2 private porn videos of 3 very‐well known  2 i t id f3 ll k Indonesian celebrities stolen and  suddenly  leaked on the Internet,  covered by local mass  l k d th I t t db l l media and became national issue! Search trend of Ariel increased dramatically from Indonesia Search trend  of “Ariel” increased dramatically from Indonesia June 2010: Porn Content Became National Issue
  • 8. Trending topics on Twitter Globally  known, even by American porn star CNN: ”Alleged celebrity sex tape shocks modest Indonesia” NYT: ”Sex Tape Scandal Fixates Indonesia” TIME: ”Sex Video Scandal and Indonesia's Porn Obsession” Most read article at Time website June 2010: Indonesian Porn Content Spread Widely
  • 9. • President SBY: “We have increasingly realized that our  nation should not stay naked and be crushed by the  y y information technology frenzy, because there will be  many victims. The scandal highlighted the need for  further regulation of the Web. Other countries have  already have regulations on this (source: AFP, June 18 already have regulations on this”. (source: AFP June 18th 2010) • ICT Minister Tifatul Sembiring: “There will be a team to  observe whether a website contains points from the  blacklist. The team will assess whether such websites  truly contain pornographic material. If it does, we'll ask  the website to delete the points included in the list, but  we won t ban the whole website . (source: AFP, June 17 we won't ban the whole website“. (source: AFP, June 17th 2010) • PKS Party President Lufi Hasan: “To protect a  community, there must be control, we cannot have total  freedom. To create comfort and overcome negative  f d T t f t d ti effects on communities who are not ready and not  supposed to consume certain material, then controls  are a very good idea“. (source: Reuters, June 15th 2010) yg ( ) June 2010: Ind. Gov. Responded to the Situation June 2010: Ind. Gov. Responded to the Situation
  • 10. Tifatul Sembiring, Indonesian ICT Ministry: • “All porn sites will be blocked before Ramadhan (fasting All porn sites will be blocked before Ramadhan (fasting  month – Ed.)” (Source: Jakarta Post, July 22nd, 2010) • “The state is obliged to protect its citizens especially The state is obliged to protect its citizens, especially  children. I’m simply implementing the Constitution” (Source: Jakarta Globe, July 22nd, 2010) • “I’ve asked all Internet service providers to filter porn  content by using anti‐porn software” (Source: NYTimes.com,  July 22nd, 2010) July 22 2010) July 2010: Gov Declared “War” to Porn Sites July 2010: Gov Declared “War” to Porn Sites
  • 11. Formal circular letter from Director General  , of Post and Telecommunication, on behalf of  ICT Minister , directly to ISPs and NAPs July 2010: Gov Asked ISP/NAPs to Block All Porn Sites July 2010: Gov Asked ISP/NAPs to Block All Porn Sites
  • 12. Ministry of ICT Indonesia ISPs Association Indonesia Internet Kiosks Association Partnership License 150 active legal ISPs 150 active legal ISPs 2400 internet kiosks 2400 internet kiosks Business Link of Gov to “Partners” for Content Censorship
  • 13. Indonesia ISPs Association maintains Indonesian  Internet eXchange (IIX) block: 4 xxx.com! End user End user 1 3 1. Admin of IIX put “xxx.com“  2 on IIX‐system black list  directly or to the “dedicated  system” connected to IIX y 2. Blacklist info distributed to  Indonesian Internet eXchange the all ISPs‐system connected  to IIX‐system. 3‐4. When end‐users try to  access blacklisted URLs, the  access blacklisted URLs the pages will not show up. Censorship Method 1: ”Border Gateway Protocol”
  • 14. Indonesia Internet Kiosks  Association maintains  4 Nawala “OpenDNS” Project block: xxx.com! Home/School PC H /S h l PC 2 3 1 2 3 1. Admin of DNS put “xxx.com“  on the black list 2.  Anyone may freely use DNS  3 Public PCs Nawala as part of their “self‐ censorship” mechanism 3‐4. When end‐users try to  access blacklisted URLs, the  access blacklisted URLs the pages will be blocked. Censorship Method 2: OpenDNS (“Nawala Project”)
  • 15. • Name of the Ministerial Decree Draft: “Procedure for Handling  Complaints about Internet Content” (June 23th, 2010 draft version) • C id Consideration: Electronic Information and Transaction Act (including: Online  i El i I f i dT i A (i l di O li Defamation article), Anti Pornography Act, etc. • Article 1 : Illegal content is Internet content that contrary/against  to the law to the law • Article 3: For all content contained, transmitted, published, and /  or stored by the user, service provider must:  – perform report accepting, flagging, filtering (if mandated by committee) f fl fl – makes “content  spesific” term of condition (TOC) of their services: • restrictions for users to load the content that prohibited according to this  ministerial decree (note: including online defamation!?) ministerial decree (note: including online defamation!?) • user must agrees that if it violates TOC, then the provider can close the access  (blocking) and / or delete the content (note: extra effort for provider!?) • provider allow to disclose user personal information to the law enforcer and /  or the minister if there are suspected to be unlawful acts related to the loading  th i i t if th t dt b l f l t l t d t th l di of any content (note: privacy no more!?) • provider are prohibited from making use of the service rule which states that  the provider are not responsible for  the use of their services to load,  distributed, transmitted, causes to be accessible, and / or save the content.  di ib d i d b ibl d/ h (note: no more disclaimer!?) Draft of Ministerial Decree To Regulate Content
  • 16. Online Defamation Article • Any person who knowingly and without authority distribute Any person who knowingly and without authority distribute  and / or transmits and / or causes to be accessible electronic  information and / or electronic documents containing insults  and / or defamation: / – Maximum imprisonment of 6 years, and/or maximum penalty Rp 1  billion (USD 100,000) – Under Indonesian law the police can authorize pre‐trial detention  p p only where a person is suspected of committing a crime that carries  a penalty of at least five years’ imprisonment – Individuals accused of defamation under this article can be  detained, even in the absence of a trial for up to 50 days, provided  detained even in the absence of a trial for up to 50 days provided police investigators or prosecutors express / recommendation:  “concern that the suspect will get away, damage or destroy  evidence materials and/or repeat the criminal act”. “Online Defamation article is against freedom of expression, violating human rights as  well as killing civil and political rights. Defamation article potentially abused to protect  mood than reputation”. (according to 5 reputable Indonesian legal aid institutions) Article 27, Paragraph 3 Electronic Information and Transaction Act
  • 18. www.internetsehat.org …/twitter …/youtube …/facebook /f b k …/flickr /flickr …/rss …/foursquare E‐mail: surel[at]ictwatch.com