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Information Literacy and Social Media<br />How Facebook is Changing Students’ <br />Attitudes toward and Behaviors with Information<br />Teresa Grettano, English & Theatre<br />Donna Mazziotti, Weinberg Memorial Library<br />

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Our Collaboration<br />Rhetoric & Social Media Course<br />Information Literacy Stipend<br />Applying ACRL Standards<br />

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Why Facebook?<br />“Obsessed with Facebook.” Online Schools. <br />

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Why Facebook?<br />“Facebook Statistics.” KISSmetrics. <br />

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Why Facebook?<br />

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Why Facebook? <br />“Obsessed with Facebook.” Online Schools. <br />

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Course Goals<br />Analyze a rhetorical situation in terms of audience, purpose, and style<br />Determine options for communication and make effective choices based on a rhetorical situation<br />Understand the difference between thesis-driven, academic arguments and visual-driven arguments, and be able to compose both effectively<br />Incorporate others’ ideas/outside information into your own arguments effectively and ethically<br />Become aware of your online behavior, its reasoning and effects<br />Develop more purposeful and effective practices in social network environments<br />

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Presentation Goals and Disclaimers<br />CuraPersonalis<br />Ideology & Epistemology ≠ Technology<br />Research question: What are the effects of social media use on our students' information seeking behaviors and processes?<br />Methodology<br />

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“If you give people a better way to share information it will change people’s lives.” ~Mark Zuckerberg<br />The Facebook Effect 278<br />

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Findings<br />Information now comes to users<br />Information recall and attribution are now social<br />Evaluation is now social<br />Information is now open<br />

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Information now comes to users<br />Customized feeds and RSS subscriptions<br />Search/feed algorithms<br />Personalization = “filter bubble” and “echo chamber”<br />

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Information now comes to users<br />“Obsessed with Facebook.” Online Schools. <br />

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Information now comes to users<br />

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"If you take all of these filters together, all of these algorithms you get what I call a filter bubble. Your filter bubble is your own personal unique universe of information that you live in online," he said. "What's in your filter bubble depends on who you are and it depends on what you do you, but the thing is that you don't decide what gets in...and more importantly you don't actually see what gets edited out."<br />Eli Pariser, Huffington Post interview<br />

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Information recall and attribution are now social<br />Recall = network ≠ content (information)<br />Source = sharer ≠ container (publisher)<br />

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“We now just remember bits and pieces of an article that we read, but we can remember who tweeted it or which email account it was sent to, and then access it again when we need it.” ~Andy Burkhardt<br />“Outsourcing Our Memories To Google,” Information Tyrannosaur<br />

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Information recall and attribution are now social<br />

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Evaluation is now social<br />Relevancy = to self and network<br />Ethos = other users in network <br />

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“A squirrel dying in front of your house may be more relevant to your interests right now than people dying in Africa.” ~Mark Zuckerberg<br />The Facebook Effect 296<br />

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If I see a friend post a link to something in a field I know they’re expert in or passionate about, I am more likely to click it than I am to click something that shows up on my MyYahoo home page. ~ Sean Parker <br />The Facebook Effect 296<br />

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Evaluation is now social<br />The next notification was a comment on a status that I had also commented on. This didn’t matter to me because I don’t know the girl who commented on the status after me. Often I do not even bother with these notifications because I don’t care about what this person has to say, if I don’t know them.<br /> Student User Log, emphasis added<br />

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Evaluation is now social<br />

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Information is now open<br />Lost anonymity + radical transparency <br />Value = open + transparent ≠ closed + paywall<br />“You are now an open book.” ~Student Reader Response<br />

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Facebook is founded on a radical social premise--that an inevitable enveloping transparency will overtake modern life. <br />The Facebook Effect 200<br />

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Information is now open<br />Social norms and peer pressure have an effect on us. If everyone else is over-sharing on Facebook that compels us to want to also over-share. People will share more and more intimate details and get used to sharing such information until they do not even realize they are over-sharing in the first place. <br />It seems maddening now, but with Twitter and Facebook’s mobile applications, it becomes more and more normal for us to constantly show the world what we are thinking, either to stand out from the crowd, or to help us feel part of it. We won’t feel forced to share, we will simply be terrified of not sharing. <br /> <br />Student Reader Responses, <br />emphases added<br />

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Information is now open<br />It seems that the Panopticon tries to provide its inmates with a very private environment. They are secluded from other inmates, aren’t aware of when they are being watched, and cannot even see outside of their cell because of the complex architecture surrounding them. They are led to believe they lead very private lives; however, they are constantly being watched. They can be watched at any time and for any reason. They have no idea when or why they are being observed. This is, in a way, the level we are subjected to as users on Facebook. We agree to these privacy terms, create our own privacy settings, manage our friends list, but we are completely unaware of the way other users are using Facebook. We never know who may be looking at our profile and for what reason. We may feel that we are utilizing the tool in the most private way, but Facebook has a way of going behind our backs and tricking us. As we discussed in class, most people are confused by privacy settings. I wonder how many schools have courses like this in which users are being education about privacy settings. Many users have never even attended college. Where will the world learn how to limit their profiles? We are constantly on display and readily accessible to any wandering eye. <br />Student Reader Response, emphasis added<br />

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"The thing that I really care about is making the world more open and connected," Zuckerberg says. . . . "Open means having access to more information, right? More transparency, being able to share things and have a voice in the world. And connected is helping people stay in touch and maintain empathy for each other, and bandwidth." <br />TIME Person of the Year 2010<br />

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Information is now open<br />I do not prefer radical transparency because although it teaches us to be accountable for our actions, is that really the way to teach such a concept: through the threat of public embarrassment? <br />I have to say that I am with Zuckerberg on this one. The world is moving toward more complete transparency. I also buy into this concept that if people are conditioned to be transparent they will be better people. <br /> <br />Student Reader Responses,<br />emphases added<br />

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Implications<br />Information Literacy<br />Research as Inquiry<br />GE curriculum changes<br />First-Year Seminars<br />

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Questions/Discussion<br />WRTG 284<br />Rhetoric & Social Media<br />Professor Teresa Grettano <br />Spring 2012<br />TR 2:30-3:45<br />CLP 224 <br />