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The FCPA Year in Review ,[object Object],[object Object]
Anti-Corruption History
Common Anti-Corruption Provisions   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
US Books & Records Provisions - “Issuers” only ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Elements of US Anti-Bribery Offense ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Defenses and Exceptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
U.S. Cases Brought
Trends in U.S. Cases ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Potential Sanctions in FCPA Matters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trends in Sanctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Number of FCPA Proceedings by Country South America North America Middle East Europe Asia Africa 33 8 39 17 75 43 1 Uzbekistan 1 Turkmenistan 1 Mongolia 1 Nicaragua 2 Russia 1 Bolivia 1 Spain 2 Philippines 2 Venezuela 1 Poland 2 Bangladesh 2 Dom. Rep. 1 Luxemburg 3 Taiwan 3 Jamaica 2 Israel 1 Italy 5 Thailand 1 Liberia 3 Ecuador 2 Iran 1 Greece 6 South Korea 2 Kenya 3 Colombia 2 Bahrain 1 Belgium 6 Kazakhstan 2 Angola 3 Argentina  4 UAE 2 UK 7 Azerbaijan 3 Benin 4 Panama 4 Saudi Arabia 2 France 8 India 4 Senegal 5 Brazil 2 Mexico 6 Egypt 3 Germany 14 Indonesia 6 Rwanda 6 Costa Rica 6 Canada 19 Iraq 4 Turkey 17 China 25 Nigeria
U.S. Criminal Dispositions Compliance Monitor 16% (16) Deferred/Non-Prosecution Agreements 21% (23) Pleas 44% (48) Withdrawals 1% (1) Convictions 4% (5) Dismissals 3% (3) Fugitives 5% (6) Acquittals 6% (7)
Siemens Settlement - Facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Siemens Settlement – U.S. Sanctions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Siemens Settlement - German Proceedings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KBR / Halliburton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other 2008 Developments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Trial Analysis Statutory Elements Subpoena Smell Test Random Event
An Investigation: How It Starts & What It Typically Means ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Self-reporting Following internal findings, e.g. whistleblower, internal audit  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],M&A transactions E.g. bidder due diligence or vendor due diligence (see StatoilHydro, Titan, ABB) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Government action E.g. prompted by complaint, whistleblower, legal assistance request, international institutions, press reports (see Siemens, Daimler, Oil for Food cases, Statoil) Typical initial issues Typical triggers for investigations
Dawn Raids & Search Warrants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anti Corruption Compliance Programs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mergers & Acquisitions: Due Diligence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Third Parties (Agents, Suppliers, Wholesalers, Customers): Due Diligence & On-Going Risk Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sales & Marketing Finance & Controls Legal & Compliance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RED FLAGS:  Agent/Vendor I Agent/Vendor Related to customer or government official Questionable past Incorporated in high risk country Primary strength is influence Lacks experience Lacks references Government official referred Was referred by customer Commercial capability Established facilities Experience in the region Favorable business references No government contracts Based in low risk country Commercial directory listings Past relationship with company
RED FLAGS:  Agent/Vendor II Agent/Vendor Anonymity Refuses corruption contract provisions Misleading payment structure False documents Subcontracting to third party Excessive compensation Success fee Transparent payment process Accurate documentation Detailed scope of work Concrete deliverables Effort-based compensation On-budget, on-time performance Interface with qualified staff
RED FLAGS:  Payments Payment Third countries or parties Shell companies Post office boxes Unexpected bonuses or loans Requests negotiable currency Larger payments during bid process Third country banks Invoices paid too quickly Established banks Matches commercial capability Regular channels Commercially reasonable terms Reasonable compensation Payment in country
RED FLAGS:  Operations Operations Requests backdating or fraudulent documentation Connection with government or customer emerges Suspicious documentation Becomes subject to investigation Suspicious expenses or travel Refuses to certify compliance Well-trained employees Anti-corruption program Accurate documentation Performance consistent with proposals
Discussion Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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The FCPA Year In Review

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  • 11. Number of FCPA Proceedings by Country South America North America Middle East Europe Asia Africa 33 8 39 17 75 43 1 Uzbekistan 1 Turkmenistan 1 Mongolia 1 Nicaragua 2 Russia 1 Bolivia 1 Spain 2 Philippines 2 Venezuela 1 Poland 2 Bangladesh 2 Dom. Rep. 1 Luxemburg 3 Taiwan 3 Jamaica 2 Israel 1 Italy 5 Thailand 1 Liberia 3 Ecuador 2 Iran 1 Greece 6 South Korea 2 Kenya 3 Colombia 2 Bahrain 1 Belgium 6 Kazakhstan 2 Angola 3 Argentina 4 UAE 2 UK 7 Azerbaijan 3 Benin 4 Panama 4 Saudi Arabia 2 France 8 India 4 Senegal 5 Brazil 2 Mexico 6 Egypt 3 Germany 14 Indonesia 6 Rwanda 6 Costa Rica 6 Canada 19 Iraq 4 Turkey 17 China 25 Nigeria
  • 12. U.S. Criminal Dispositions Compliance Monitor 16% (16) Deferred/Non-Prosecution Agreements 21% (23) Pleas 44% (48) Withdrawals 1% (1) Convictions 4% (5) Dismissals 3% (3) Fugitives 5% (6) Acquittals 6% (7)
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  • 24. RED FLAGS: Agent/Vendor I Agent/Vendor Related to customer or government official Questionable past Incorporated in high risk country Primary strength is influence Lacks experience Lacks references Government official referred Was referred by customer Commercial capability Established facilities Experience in the region Favorable business references No government contracts Based in low risk country Commercial directory listings Past relationship with company
  • 25. RED FLAGS: Agent/Vendor II Agent/Vendor Anonymity Refuses corruption contract provisions Misleading payment structure False documents Subcontracting to third party Excessive compensation Success fee Transparent payment process Accurate documentation Detailed scope of work Concrete deliverables Effort-based compensation On-budget, on-time performance Interface with qualified staff
  • 26. RED FLAGS: Payments Payment Third countries or parties Shell companies Post office boxes Unexpected bonuses or loans Requests negotiable currency Larger payments during bid process Third country banks Invoices paid too quickly Established banks Matches commercial capability Regular channels Commercially reasonable terms Reasonable compensation Payment in country
  • 27. RED FLAGS: Operations Operations Requests backdating or fraudulent documentation Connection with government or customer emerges Suspicious documentation Becomes subject to investigation Suspicious expenses or travel Refuses to certify compliance Well-trained employees Anti-corruption program Accurate documentation Performance consistent with proposals
  • 28.