2. Channels of Communication:
Formal communication : Board of
Directors
Managing
Director
Top-level
management
Middle level
management
Senior
supervisors
First line
supervisors
Employees/Shop
floor employees
3. Advantages of FC:
It helps in maintaining authority structure of an
organization
An immediate superior has direct contact with the sub
ordinate
Better co-operation and co ordination among employees re
achieved
Overlapping of communication does not take place
Information passed through formal communication is
more trust worthy
Memos, circulars, instructions, guidelines, clarifications,
agreements, reports forms a part of formal communication
Follow up actions and compliance becomes easier
There is no chance of bias
There is a minimal chance of information leak
4. Disadvantages of FC:
It is time consuming and small piece of
information passes through long formal channels
It does not allow social and emotional bonds.
Inhibit or stand in the way of free flow of
information between organizational levels.
5. Informal channel of communication:
It is not officially sanctioned, and quite often it is
even discouraged or looked down upon. Also
called as grapevine precisely because it runs in
horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions.
6. Factors responsible for Grape vine
communication :
Feeling of uncertainty or lack of sense of direction
when the organization is passing through difficult
period
Feeling of inadequacy or lack o self confidence on
the part of the employees leading to the
formation of groups
Formation of favoured grouped by the manager
Some unusual happening in the organization
Personal problems of the employees
7. Advantages of Informal Communication:
Speedy transmission
Feedback value
Support to other channels
Psychological satisfaction
Uniting force
Creation of ideas
Good personal relations
8. Disadvantages of Informal Communication:
Cannot be taken seriously
Does not carry complete information
Distorts information
It may prove counter productive
Chances of mis representation
Lack of accountability
9. Effective Use Of Grapevine:
Group activities
Open-door policy
Healthy work environment
Effective leadership
Dynamic interaction
Rumour mongering aimed at character assassination or
maligning somebody in organization not encouraged.
Good listener :
1. Discriminative listening
2. Appreciative listening
3. Empathic listening
21. 1. Wheel/ Y
Three-person wheel communication pattern
Four -person wheel communication pattern
Five -person wheel communication pattern
Five -person ‘Y’ wheel communication pattern
centralized patterns suitable for simple tasks, lowest
job satisfaction and flexibility to change, inbuilt
rigidity.
22. 2. Circle
Four -person circle communication pattern
Five -person circle communication pattern
Decentralized, complex tasks.